Index
ABAB design
80–82, 89
accuracy indexes
176, 177
active learning
103, 104, 116, 118, 120
adaptations
40, 127, 140, 146, 158, 164, 167
adherence
127, 154, 158, 159, 161
aggregation
293, 294, 295
alphabet task
232
alternating treatment design
82, 83, 84
analytic approaches
175, 176
analytic rating
206, 207, 316
assessing fidelity of implementation
155, 157, 158, 165, 166, 317
assessment
146, 147, 165, 166, 173–176, 199–204, 207, 210–216, 315–317, 318
assessment of motivation
261, 317
assessment of writing process
231, 234, 317
assessment scores
4, 199–202, 213
attainment targets
41
attitudes
108, 129, 252, 259, 263, 318
attrition
22, 27, 65, 68–70, 72, 73, 164
audience
26, 108, 202, 203, 313
audio recordings
162, 164
audit trail
276, 279
authentic writing
65, 251, 252, 263, 264
automated writing evaluation
73, 74, 119, 128, 204, 205, 271, 317
automatic analyses
204
automatic evaluation
204
automatic measures
204
autonomous motivation
256
autonomy-frustrating
257, 258
autonomy-supportive
257, 264
baseline condition
82, 84, 90
baseline data
82, 83, 90, 147
beliefs
12, 25, 102–104, 108, 126, 129, 140, 141, 251, 252, 255, 262–264, 271, 272
benchmark examples
20, 174, 206–208, 211, 241
benchmark testing
180, 207, 241
bias
27, 53, 65, 73, 74, 273, 279, 294, 295
blueprint of an instructional intervention
3, 37, 39, 42, 46
bolstering intrinsic motivation to write
257
bolstering writing attitudes
259
bolstering writing self-efficacy
254, 256
business-as-usual
63, 64, 66, 138, 187, 214, 258, 309
calibration effects
255, 256, 262
causal inferences
15, 16, 53, 63–65, 72, 137, 139, 140
central tendency
205
centrality of teachers for research
138, 140, 143, 146, 148
checklists
116, 118, 120, 157, 159–161, 165, 183, 206
children as participants
277
Cluster Randomized Control Trial
3, 53–57, 59, 60, 64–66, 68–70, 73, 74
co-creation
141, 145, 147
co-design
147
coaching
59, 104, 105, 117, 119–122, 127, 164, 165
cognitive processes
173, 235–237, 271
Cognitive Self-regulation Instruction
103, 108, 109, 124
cognitive theory
22, 173, 271, 272
Coh-metrix
204
collaboration
18, 25, 104, 276, 282, 283, 319, 320
collaborative research
319
college basic writers
315, 318, 320
communicative effectiveness
202, 205
community-based participatory research
274
comparative evaluation
207, 316
comparison condition
160
complexity science
106, 129
conditional knowledge
107
construct-irrelevant variance
204
construct of writing
201–203, 206, 209, 258
construct validity
261
content analysis
203
content knowledge
64, 101, 102, 148, 312
content validity
203, 261
context of an intervention
44
contextualisation
143
continuous progress monitoring
4, 173, 174, 176, 178, 318
control condition
15, 18, 27, 66, 123, 213, 214, 255
control-group designs
87
controlled motivation
256, 258
conventions
63, 63n1, 253, 255
convergent design
281
copy task
232
credibility
261, 279, 283
criteria-lists
206
criterion-referenced testing
205, 214
criterion validity
261
crossed design
294, 295, 296
Cultivating Writing program
260
curiosity
256, 257
curriculum
12, 27, 104, 107, 139, 140, 146, 176, 182, 185, 187, 213, 274, 278
curriculum-based measures
176–179, 187, 319
CyWrite
229, 230, 234
data-based instruction
162, 163
data collection
14, 73, 74, 146, 147, 148
decision inference
200, 213
declarative knowledge
107
delayed posttest
63, 212, 215, 292
dependability
261
descriptive text
44
design activities
42, 68
design choices
3, 37, 291, 293
design principles
3, 39–42, 44–49, 110, 215
design process
39–42, 44, 277, 313
design research
312, 314, 315, 320
designing an intervention
39
differentiation
57, 102, 105, 107, 117, 119, 121, 127
dimensions of treatment fidelity
157, 158
direct instruction
42, 109, 184, 224, 233
dosage
59, 60, 127, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 260, 264
duration of professional development
127
e-rater
205
ecological validity
65, 141, 296
effect size
23–25, 27, 64, 66, 68–70, 74, 94, 108, 214, 300–302, 307, 309, 318
effectiveness
2–5, 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 40, 43, 49, 59, 127, 139, 142, 147, 157, 160, 186, 199, 200, 213–216, 225, 226, 251, 258, 265, 315
elementary students
20, 22, 55, 56, 74, 81, 105, 156, 160, 161, 177, 179, 214, 256, 316
emotional regulation
256
empirical or theoretical rationale underlying an intervention
38, 41
empirically-validated instruction
174, 182, 184
evidence-based practices
57, 106, 126, 154, 158, 159, 182, 184, 185, 318, 319
evidence-based writing practices
2, 6, 28, 38, 41, 42, 57, 182, 183, 184
exact-agreement method
92, 95
exemplar texts
42, 43, 108, 147
experienced raters
205, 206, 209
expert feedback
116, 118, 120
expert support
104, 105
explanatory sequential design
281
exploratory sequential design
281, 282
exposure
61, 65, 127, 154
external validity
155, 159
extrapolation inference
200, 211, 212, 213
eye-tracking
229
false positives
175
feedback
19, 23, 25, 104, 137, 138, 147, 157, 165, 166, 185, 201, 224–226, 228, 230, 231, 233–235, 237–239, 243, 244, 252, 254, 255, 264, 279, 317
fidelity assessment
163
fidelity checklist
159, 160
fidelity coach
164
fidelity of tools access
163
fidelity protocol
164
fixed effect
70, 295, 300, 302, 309
fluency
63n1, 175, 178, 182, 228–230, 232, 235, 236, 239–242, 244, 257, 319
focus of instruction
37, 41, 42, 45, 46
formative assessment
53, 107, 126, 201
functional relationship
82, 88
general writing knowledge
107
generalisation
139
generalizability to other language settings
179
generalization across tasks
315, 316
generalization inference
200
genre
18, 43, 44, 63, 107, 112, 114, 122–124, 129, 202, 210, 212, 213, 253, 257, 292, 316, 318
genre elements
123, 316, 318
genre knowledge
41, 109, 210, 212
goal setting
81, 108, 182, 252, 254, 259, 313
gradual release of responsibility
42, 46, 102
Handspy
232
handwriting
5, 12, 18, 19, 24, 25, 83, 156, 162, 173, 175, 178, 179, 182, 183, 185, 186, 231, 232, 243, 254, 255, 272, 313
hierarchical structure
294, 295
hierarchy
137, 295, 310
holistic rating
73, 74, 175, 176, 178, 206, 207
human raters
204, 205
ideation
253, 255, 271
implementation variation
139, 140
inferences
4, 63, 146, 199–201, 209–211, 214, 215, 283, 297
initial universal screening
174
Inputlog
229–231, 234, 235, 239
instructional efficiency
162
instructional materials
40, 44, 181
intercept
293, 295, 298, 300, 303, 309
internal consistency
62, 256, 261
internal validity
73, 155, 297
interpreting fidelity of implementation
157, 158
interrater reliability
64, 74, 90–93, 95, 160, 205, 207, 261, 316
intervention delivery
59, 68, 144, 157, 164, 165
intervention flexibility
158
intervention flow
157
intervention materials
37, 39–41, 44, 47, 49, 66
interview
23, 230, 278–280, 283
intra-rater reliability
209
intrinsic motivation
5, 251, 256–258, 261, 264, 318
involvement
4, 140, 141, 256, 278
Jedit
228, 230
jigsaw
123
K-12
154, 156–159, 161–163, 165, 166, 167
keystroke logging
5, 225, 228–231, 234, 235, 239, 243, 317
language
11, 12, 18, 24, 48, 49, 60, 61, 176, 179, 183, 202, 203, 206, 211, 212, 228, 271, 282
language testing
201
learning activities
37–39, 41–44, 46–49, 57, 313, 314
legitimation
283
lexical density
204
LIFT-project
209
Liking of Writing Questionnaire
259
linguistic features
204
literacy
12, 19, 28, 62, 62n1, 63, 141–143, 147, 186, 252, 255, 262–264, 272, 273
Literacy to Life program
263
logic model
57, 58, 314
long-term impact
138, 148, 292
long term memory resources
271
longitudinal design
142
longitudinal measures
212
maintenance effects
212, 215
mastery experiences
254, 264, 318
measuring fidelity of implementation
155, 164
measuring intrinsic motivation
256
measuring writing attitudes
259
measuring writing self-efficacy
253
member checks
279, 283
meta-analyses
17, 23–27, 41, 45, 54, 55, 59, 102, 108, 110, 137, 156, 167, 174, 178, 182–184, 207, 212, 232
metalinguistic understanding of writing
142
mixed methods
5, 114, 122, 123, 129, 142, 253, 262, 270, 271, 279–284, 314, 320
mode of instruction
23, 41, 42, 45, 46
modeling
5, 12, 23, 24, 37, 38, 42, 45, 46, 48, 94, 102–104, 109, 116–118, 120, 124, 137, 141, 143, 165, 173, 179, 182, 184, 185, 224, 227, 231, 233, 238, 252, 255, 291, 294–296, 300–303, 306, 307, 309, 310, 314
multi-tiered system of support
174, 179, 181
multicomponent strategy-focused writing
3, 4, 101–103, 125–129, 227
multilevel model
5, 211, 291, 296, 299, 300
multiphase design
281, 282
multiple-baseline design
84
multiple-probe design
84, 89, 259
needs analysis
146, 147, 148
negative case analysis
279
norm-referenced testing
25, 174, 214
novice raters
206
observation
13, 16, 117, 119, 127, 147, 157, 163, 166, 227, 232, 278, 296
observer
161
overlapping rater teams
209
parental involvement
181
participatory design
276, 277, 278
particularisation
139
partnership
140, 143–147, 319, 320
pausing
228–230, 235, 236, 241
pedagogical knowledge
56, 103
pedagogy
14, 104, 117, 119, 121, 126, 142
peer assessment
137
peer collaboration
42, 108, 224
peer feedback
25, 108, 165
persuasive writing
53, 56, 57, 59, 63, 123, 124
physiological states
254, 255, 318
pilot test
2, 18, 60, 63, 69, 166, 187
planning
12, 18, 38, 44, 45, 48, 108, 109, 124, 161, 162, 178, 184–186, 202, 212, 224, 227, 231–233, 258, 260, 313, 315, 319
power analysis
56, 68–70, 74
practice-based professional development
19, 103–106, 108, 110, 111, 114, 120–122, 124, 127, 165, 257
pre-intervention preparation
157
problem-solving process
101
procedural knowledge
107
process data
214, 229, 234
process evaluations
141
process fidelity
157
process knowledge
41
process measures
5, 224–231, 234, 237–239, 241, 243, 244
process report
229, 230, 235, 239, 240
process traces
231, 233
product knowledge
41
production processes
271
productivity indexes
176, 177
professional development
3, 4, 19, 29, 59, 60, 66, 71, 101–107, 109–111, 114, 116, 118, 120–122, 124–129, 164, 180, 184, 187, 312, 319, 320
professional learning communities
103
prolonged engagement
279
psychometric properties
14, 17, 44, 47, 62, 63, 166, 253, 315
qualitative research
127, 272, 275, 276, 278, 280, 283, 314
quality of implementation
158
quantitative measures
261, 280, 319
quasi-experimental study
122–124, 254, 260
questionnaire
230, 233, 237, 239, 256
random assignment
16, 54, 55, 63–66, 68–70, 74
random effect
70, 295, 298, 300, 307
randomized controlled trial
15, 54, 63–66, 68, 112, 114, 122, 124, 137, 141, 142, 254, 257, 260, 278
Range software
204
rater background
204
rater effects
205
rater training
207, 208
raters
62, 92, 157, 163, 166, 200, 204–212, 215, 216, 316, 318
rating criteria
206
rating instructions
206
rating method
200, 204, 206, 208, 211
reading
11–13, 19, 24–26, 59, 60, 63, 63n1, 102, 122, 147, 160, 167, 174, 176, 179, 182, 239, 241, 254, 270, 279, 282, 312, 315, 316, 319
reciprocity
5, 272–274, 283
recruitment of participants
71
reflection
104, 116, 118, 120, 121, 147, 184, 200, 226, 229, 233, 234, 237, 238, 302
reflexive positionality
272, 275
reliability
21, 22, 62–64, 92, 94, 176, 204, 207, 209, 252, 253, 259, 261, 279, 315
reliability check
160
relief from boredom
256
replicability
13, 16, 38, 49, 80, 88, 155, 159, 292
reporting an intervention
44
reporting fidelity of implementation
154, 156, 158, 162, 164
reporting system
39
research assistants
157, 160, 278
research-practice nexus
4, 138
research publications
3, 38, 44, 46, 47, 49
researcher-led instruction
102, 125
respect
3–5, 41, 44, 47, 107, 146, 147, 211, 235, 272, 275
response to intervention
4, 155, 173–176, 178, 179, 181, 182, 184–187, 312, 318, 319
reversal design
80
revising
12, 18, 23, 38, 45, 48, 109, 178, 184, 202, 206, 212, 224, 227–229, 231–233, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242, 244, 252, 258, 280, 281, 313, 315
rigorous research
53, 54, 63, 67, 71
rubrics
147, 206, 207, 211, 317
sampling
72, 209, 276, 302
scaffolded instruction
46, 137
scaling up
103
scoring inference
200, 204, 208
Scriptlog
234
self-assessment
25, 41, 108, 166, 183
Self-Determination Theory
256
self-efficacy
41, 44, 53, 102, 108, 123, 124, 129, 162, 174, 239, 252–256, 262, 263, 265, 318
Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale
253
self-instructions
108
Self-regulated Strategy Development
53, 59, 63, 66, 69, 86, 102, 103, 107–111, 122, 123, 125, 127–129, 137, 160, 161, 165, 184, 253, 254, 257–259, 318, 319
self-regulation
18, 25, 41, 53, 107, 109, 182, 184, 224, 226, 230, 234, 237, 238, 241, 253, 255, 271, 317, 318, 320
Self-Regulation Questionnaire-Writing Motivation
256
self-reinforcement
108, 259
self-report
160, 256, 262
sentence structure
108
severity effect
205
single-case designs
3, 19, 79, 80, 87–91, 94, 95, 251, 312
slope
298, 300
social context
138
social persuasion
254, 255, 318
social recognition
256
social validity
3, 108, 114, 123, 125, 128, 284
socially significant
93
socio-cultural perspective
4, 138, 319
sociocultural theory
271
source use
228–230, 235, 236, 239, 240
spelling
12, 14, 15, 18–22, 24, 25, 47, 83, 91, 156, 162, 173, 175, 177–180, 182, 183, 185, 186, 254, 255, 272, 313, 319
spelling tests
175
strategy instruction
12, 24–26, 46, 108, 184, 224, 231, 233, 255, 257, 259, 260, 264, 280, 316–319, 320
structure of the intervention
42
student engagement
162, 252
student interaction
138
students with disabilities
155
sustainability
143, 145, 146
sustained duration
104
switching panel design
124
switching replication design
124, 212
symmetry
273
syntactic complexity
204
synthesis writing
313
TAALES
204
TAASSSC
204
task characteristics
202
task inference
200, 201
task learning
137
task motivation
137
teacher knowledge
56, 103, 104, 126, 138, 147, 148, 157
teacher-led instruction
110
teacher preparation
3, 59, 102
teaching activities
18, 37–39, 41–44, 46–49, 312, 313
Tekster
109, 124, 125, 128, 129
test bias
204
test-retest reliability
261
text production
228, 229, 236, 241
text quality
175, 178, 179, 185, 199, 204–211, 215, 227, 231, 241, 242, 293, 305, 306
text structure
25, 108, 109, 224, 257, 278
theoretical models
173, 313
think-aloud
5, 207, 209, 231, 232, 243
tier 1
179, 180, 185, 186
tier 2
180, 185, 186, 187
tier 3
180, 186
time-sampled self-report
232, 233
topic
5, 20, 29, 86, 88, 94, 108, 156, 178, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 224, 270, 274, 293, 294, 315
training of raters
204
transcription
18, 25, 41, 173, 175, 178–180, 182, 185–187, 254, 257, 271, 272, 313
transfer effects
212, 215
transfer of research
138
transformative design
281, 282
translators as collaborators
275
Translog
234
treatment effectiveness
158, 164
treatment fidelity
4, 21, 43, 47, 56, 61, 127, 154–166, 167
triangulation
279, 283
trustworthiness
147, 253, 261, 276, 279
validation
93, 199, 201, 203, 215, 216
validity
54, 55, 62, 63, 65, 147, 154, 155, 176, 199–201, 203–205, 207–209, 215, 253, 259, 261, 279, 283, 284, 306, 307, 315
variance
69, 70, 139, 209–211, 293, 294, 296, 297, 299–303, 305, 307, 309, 310
vicarious experiences
254, 255
video recordings
5, 231
vocabulary
25, 63n1, 107, 182
we write
3, 53, 55–64, 66, 68, 70, 72–74, 138
What Works Clearinghouse
53, 54, 165
writing assessment
4, 25, 175, 176, 199–201, 210, 215, 216
writing attitudes
5, 251, 258–261, 262
writing communities
272
writing development
19, 20, 45, 126, 201, 260, 270, 312, 313
writing knowledge
25, 41, 42, 43
writing motivation
44, 229, 251, 258, 259, 261–265, 272
Writing Motivation Questionnaire
256
writing outcomes
16, 39, 44, 64, 74, 95, 102, 103, 107, 110, 125, 127, 129, 317
writing performance
4, 14–16, 44, 87, 88, 108, 180, 187, 201–205, 209, 211–215, 227, 230, 231, 235, 242, 264, 271, 281
writing portfolios
44, 161
writing processes
25, 37, 39, 41, 42, 187, 215, 227, 228, 231, 232, 234, 235, 238, 239, 241, 242, 253, 312, 315, 317
writing product
205, 224, 226, 227, 230, 233, 234
writing program
37, 45, 47, 119, 275
writing quality
18, 24, 47, 57, 62, 63, 63n1, 64, 69, 108, 123, 124, 129, 278, 313, 315, 318
writing self-efficacy
5, 64, 251–255, 261, 271
writing skills
19, 25, 41, 53, 74, 84, 87, 95, 212, 213, 215, 224, 254, 282, 292, 312
writing strategies
25, 38, 41, 45, 47, 48, 85, 87, 102, 224, 230, 238, 239, 252, 258, 317, 318
writing task
38, 46, 63, 101, 185, 199, 210, 214, 226, 231, 232, 243, 292, 293
writing-to-learn intervention
160