Recent studies on structures and intestinal immunity modulating activities of pectins and pectic polysaccharides from medicinal herbs

H. Yamada; H. Kiyohara; T. Matsumoto

Recent studies on structures and intestinal immunity modulating activities of pectins and pectic polysaccharides from medicinal herbs

In: Pectins and pectinases

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H. Yamada

H. Yamada Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641 Japan

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H. Kiyohara

H. Kiyohara Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641 Japan

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T. Matsumoto

T. Matsumoto Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641 Japan

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 291–304

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086866779_021

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Many plants have been exploited since ancient times for health care of humans, and several pharmacological activities could be attributed to pectins and pectic polysaccharides present in the medicinal plants and plant derived foods. It can therefore be expected that also isolated carbohydrate structures will be biological active and find application in health care. Food polysaccharides are, similar to herbal medicines, generally taken orally, therefore their biological effects are expected to be expressed through the intestinal immune system. Peyer’s patches play important roles as an inductive lymphoid organ of the intestinal immune system. The intestinal immune system contributes not only to the defense system of the mucosa, but also regulates the systemic immune system. Therefore these regulative molecules of the intestinal immune system have potential as new immuno-modulators of both systems. Polysaccharide fractions from medicinal herbs were screened for enhancement of Peyer’s patch mediated intestinal immune response. Potent activity was observed in extracts containing pectic polysaccharides, and arabino-3,6-galactans from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea, leaves of Astragalus mongholicus and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Active carbohydrate structures were characterized to be mainly arabino 3,6-galactans, rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and RGII. The inner surface of the intestinal tract possesses a large area of mucosal membranes, and the intestinal epithelial cells exist at the interface between an antigen-rich lumen and a lymphocyterich lamina propria. When MCE 301 cells from the murine normal colonic epithelial cell line, were stimulated with a pectic polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIc, from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum, only the content of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was significantly increased in the conditioned medium. In the carbohydrates structure of RGI, arabinan moiety was suggested to involve in the activity.

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Pectins and pectinases

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086866779

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 30 Oct 2009

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Food & Health

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Recent studies on structures and intestinal immunity modulating activities of pectins and pectic polysaccharides from medicinal herbs

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Pectins and pectinases

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