Whenever possible, I have explored the primary material in its original form and language and have privileged printed volumes of letters and state papers edited in their original languages over translations in order to ensure as much accuracy as possible. Unless otherwise stated, therefore, all translations are my own. For the sake of clarity and transparency, and to provide further context, crucial and short passages translated into English in the main body of text have been added in their original forms as part of a footnote. Grammar and spelling have been left untouched except for modern accent marks in Spanish, French and Italian, which have been added to enhance readability. With regards to terminology, ‘Spain’ has been used at times as an umbrella term to designate the entire political entity (the composite monarchy) over which King Philip ruled but also to describe the geographical area that delimits the actual Spanish territory in a way that can be discerned from the context. Terms which convey the full extent and intent of the Spanish monarchical project, such as ‘Spanish Monarchy’ (Monarquía Hispánica) or ‘Catholic Monarchy’ (Monarquía Católica) have been used throughout, too. The term ‘Spanish Empire’ (Imperio español) has been generally avoided, as it does not fully convey the system of independent and interdependent states under a single monarch which defined the Spanish Monarchy and was not in use in the sixteenth century. With coherence and simplicity in mind, the terms used to describe those in each side of the religious divide have mostly been ‘Catholic’ and ‘Protestant’. The myriad currents of thought and theological interpretations co-existing on both sides – as well as the different Protestant Churches – are fully acknowledged, but in the years leading up to and in the aftermath of the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, the term ‘Protestant’ had already begun to be appropriated by those reformers who had embraced an infrangible break with papal primacy.
Note on the Text
in Habsburg England
Autor:in:
Gonzalo Velasco Berenguer
Gonzalo Velasco Berenguer
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