| ACCME’s | African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research’s |
| AD | “Anno Domini” or after Christ |
| aDNA | Ancient DNA |
| AESA | The Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa |
| AIM(s) | Ancestry informative marker(s) |
| AMS | Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
| APOL1 | Apolipoprotein L1 |
| AS-PCA | Ancestry-specific principal component analysis |
| ASS | African Academy of Sciences |
| AWI-Gen | Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Studies |
| BC | “Before Christ” |
| BCE | Before the Common Era |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| BP | Before present |
| CAfGEN | Collaborative African Genomics Network |
| CHAIR | Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| CST | Costly Signalling Theory |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| DAC | Data Access Committee |
| DRC | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| EIA | Early Iron Age |
| EMSA | Early Middle Stone Age |
| ESA | Earlier Stone Age |
| H3ABioNet | H3Africa Consortium Pan-African Bioinformatics Network |
| H3Africa | Human Heredity and Health in Africa Initiative/Consortium |
| HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigens |
| HPC | High-performance computing clusters |
| IA | Iron Age |
| IAM | Ifri n’Amr ou Moussa site |
| ka | thousand years ago or old |
| KEB | Kehf el Baroud cave |
| LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LD | Linkage disequilibrium |
| LIA | Later Iron Age |
| LMIC | Low-middle-income country |
| LNP | Lactase Non-Persistence allele |
| LP | Lactase Persistence allele |
| LSA | Later Stone Age |
| MDS | Multidimensional scaling |
| MIS | Marine isotope stage |
| MSA | Middle Stone Age |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |
| NCAA | Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PIA | Pastoral Iron Age |
| PN | Pastoral Neolithic |
| RHG(s) | Rainforest hunter-gatherer(s) |
| SCD | Sickle cell disease |
| SEB | South-Eastern Bantu-speaking ethnolinguistic groups |
| SES | Socio-economic status |
| SIREN | Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network |
| SNP(s) | Single nucleotide polymorphism(s) |
| SRI | Sangha River Interval |
| TAST | Transatlantic slave trade |
| Tbg | Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
| Tbr | Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| YRI | Yoruba population from Nigeria |
| yrs B.P. | Years before present |
Abbreviations
in Africa, the Cradle of Human Diversity
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