Abbreviations
| CAU | causative |
| CLF | classifier |
| EMH | Early Manila Hokkien |
| EXC | exclusive |
| EXP | experiential |
| F | female |
| G | generation |
| GPIRS | Gaginang Peng-im System |
| HT | historical works on Teochew |
| INC | inclusive |
| IPA | International Phonetic Alphabet |
| IT | Indonesian Teochew |
| JT | Jieyang Teochew |
| lit. | literally |
| M | male |
| NVOC | non-vocative particle |
| PART | particle |
| PL | plural |
| PN | personal name |
| PRC | People’s Republic of China |
| POJ | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| POSS | possessive |
| PHH | Philippine Hybrid Hokkien |
| PRON | pronoun |
| RED | reduplication |
| ROC | Republic of China |
| REL | relative particle |
| SEQ | sequentiality marker |
| SG | singular |
| ST | Singapore Teochew |
| TCM | traditional Chinese medicine |
| TT | Thai Teochew |
| vol. | volume |
| VOC | Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company) |