Index
Acar, Rahim
165
,
375
,
378
,
381 â382
abstraction
35
,
38
,
47
,
115
,
126 â7
,
253n
,
298n
,
300
accident
6 â7
,
19 â20
,
39 â40
,
42
,
44
,
46 â49
,
54 â56
,
76 â81
,
108
,
115
,
128
,
132 â133
,
147
,
186 â187
,
194
,
198
,
202 â206
,
214 â217
,
223
,
226 â227
,
258
,
269
,
295 â296
,
301 â303
,
310 â336
,
380
,
389
accidental / essential
6 â7
,
18
,
38 â53
,
76
,
80 â81
,
84
,
135 â137
,
184 â189
,
192
,
197 â199
,
215
,
224
,
243
,
258
,
281
,
297
,
299
,
308
,
314 â336
,
351
,
357 â359
,
364 â365
,
375
,
388
,
391
being: quasi-accidents / properties; constitutive / nonconstitutive
act and potency
5
,
130
,
135
,
143 â144
,
175 â176
,
184 â190
,
193
,
199 â201
,
203
,
206 â211
,
215 â219
,
226
,
263
,
265
,
270
,
274 â275
,
282 â283
,
288 â289
,
323n56
,
352 â355
,
376 â377
,
382 â383
senses of being
Adamson, Peter
237n50
,
250n73-n74
,
251n76
,
252n79
,
254n84
,
272n6
,
280n31
,
378n19
,
381n28
Aertsen, Jan
153n4
,
225n11
,
344n4
,
369n6
Ahmed, Asad
35n4
,
59n79
aitiology
7
,
95
,
98
,
101 â102
,
106 â124
,
136
,
138
,
140 â142
,
148
,
177 â178
,
184
,
209
,
218 â219
,
272
,
310
,
333
,
339 â340
,
355
,
370 â379
,
385 â391
Alexander of Aphrodisias
99n11
,
100
,
111
,
189n19
,
271
analogy
absolute analogies
300 â305
,
310
by priority / posteriority
194
,
197 â198
,
202
,
217
,
235
,
255 â256
,
291
,
295 â297
,
301 â314
,
319
,
321
,
323n56
,
334
,
364 â365
by worthiness / appropriateness
291 â292
,
301 â302
,
305
,
310 â311
,
364 â365
by intensity
292
,
301 â305
,
364 â365
of being
109
,
205
,
216 â217
,
255
,
292 â293
,
295 â314
,
319 â320
,
322
,
335 â336
of divine attributes
380
of existence
295 â314
,
324
,
364 â365
,
368
of necessary
364 â365
,
367
of one
103
,
254 â256
,
334
,
343
,
346
of truth
213
,
290 â292
pros hen equivocation
96
,
206
,
297
relational analogies
304 â305
,
310
resemblance
298 â299
,
305
,
310
univocity; equivocity; transcategorical
Aquinas, Thomas
189n19
,
244n65
,
265 â266
,
391
Aristotle
5
,
14
,
16
,
22 â24
,
36
,
54
,
71 â72
,
74
,
81 â83
,
86
,
89
,
91
,
116
,
143
,
152
,
158
,
163
,
178 â179
,
200 â201
,
208 â211
,
213 â214
,
237 â238
,
246
,
248
,
250 â251
,
264
,
265
,
268 â269
,
271 â274
,
289
,
298
,
312
,
376 â377
De Interpretatione
36
Metaphysics
96 â107
,
110 â111
,
117
,
140n136
,
143
,
171n47
,
183 â190
,
194
,
196n46
,
199 â202
,
205 â206
,
213 â220
,
234
,
246n67
,
250 â252
,
259
,
268 â269
,
271 â272
,
290
,
297
,
311 â312
,
321
,
372
,
376 â377
,
388
,
391
Outline of
96 â97
Posterior Analytics
16
,
23
,
55
,
74
,
76n123
,
81 â82
,
91
,
106n33
,
110 â111
,
151 â152
,
191
,
193
,
269
Prior Analytics
16
,
71
Arnzen, Rüdiger
82n140
Asclepius
99n11
,
111
,
260
,
271
AÅ¡Ê¿arites
235 â237
,
240
assent (taṣdīq)
3 â4
,
18 â38
,
56 â58
,
61 â78
,
81
,
83 â92
,
112
,
115 â119
,
125
,
129
,
131
,
135
,
150 â179
,
198
,
221 â223
,
245
,
251
,
262
,
269
,
273
,
275
,
278
,
285 â286
,
292
,
339
,
347
,
367
,
387
,
390
demonstration; principles; syllogism
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
17n7
,
82n140
,
104n27
,
189n19
,
190 â191
,
195
,
198n49
,
199
,
244n65
,
319
,
391
Avicenna (Ibn SÄ«nÄ)
Metaphysical education of
99
,
104 â107
Avicennaâs Healing (Å¡ifÄʾ)
1
,
16
16
,
298n8
Logic. Book of Categories
16
,
54 â56
,
297 â306
,
325 â327
Logic. Book of Demonstration
16
,
23
,
25
,
27 â30
,
33 â34
,
38n14
,
40 â41
,
64
,
66
,
74 â76
,
79 â80
,
85 â87
,
120n73
,
140 â141n137
,
143n147 & n149
,
228n13
,
290n51
,
355n35
Logic. Book of Propositions
16
,
34n2
,
37n10
,
57
,
59
,
60
,
62
,
232
Logic. Book of Syllogism
16
,
37
,
72
Logic. Isagoge
15 â20
,
36
,
39n15
,
40 â42
,
44n33
,
46
,
62
,
115
,
127
,
329 â330
,
345n7
Metaphysics
central argument of
2 â3
,
8
,
13
,
95
,
372 â374
,
387 â391
outlines of
108
,
112
Physics
25
,
56n71
,
87n157
,
91n168
,
107n34
,
134 â135
,
176
,
243n63
,
244
,
274n8
,
306 â309
Psychology
54 â55
Avicenna, works of
DÄneÅ¡nÄme-ye Ê¿AlÄʾī. Logic
68n104
Discussions
323 â324
Pointers (IÅ¡arÄt)
Logic
15
,
18
,
24n27
,
27 â29
,
34n2
,
37
,
42 â48
,
56
,
66 â71
,
76n24
,
79 â80
,
83n143
,
84
,
88
,
91n169
,
153
,
160
,
202
,
317
,
320
,
329n64
Metaphysics
225
,
305
,
332n70
,
335n35
Salvation (NajÄt)
Logic
15
,
21
,
24 â30
,
34 â36
,
38 â44
,
46 â47
,
50 â54
,
57
,
59
,
64 â67
,
72 â74
,
77 â81
,
83
,
85 â86
,
90 â91
,
113
,
153
,
162n31
,
175
,
330
Physics
88
Avicennian
147n163
,
263
,
268
,
295n1
axiom
4 â6
,
65 â69
,
81
,
82n140
,
83
,
87 â89
,
96
,
109
,
111
,
150 â159
,
163 â179
,
183
,
201
,
211 â214
,
217 â220
,
223
,
269
,
270
,
290 â293
,
339
contradiction, principle of
Bäck, Allan
260n98
,
272n6
Baghdad Peripatetics
237n50
,
391
being (mawjūd)
5
,
36
,
52
,
103
,
124 â125
,
128 â140
,
148 â150
,
157
,
172
,
191 â199
,
202 â203
,
206
,
215 â220
,
221 â238
,
241 â257
,
267
,
282
,
289
,
295 â297
,
311
,
327 â328
,
348 â360
,
362 â371
,
375
,
378
,
385
,
388 â391
absolute being (mawjÅ«d muá¹laq)
52
,
79
,
88
,
102 â103
,
108 â109
,
136 â137
,
202 â208
,
217
,
226 â227
,
258
,
291
,
297
,
308
,
322
,
341
,
389
being per se
5 â6
,
47n48
,
158
,
185 â206
,
212 â222
,
226 â227
,
235
,
247
,
253
,
269â
270
,
293 â297
,
300 â303
,
310 â314
,
317
,
321
being per accidens
6
,
47n48
,
158
,
185 â188
,
194
,
199 â201
,
212 â220
,
294
,
310
,
314
,
317 â323
,
332
,
335
quasi-species of
55
,
106
,
109
,
132 â133
,
201 â204
,
214 â221
,
227
,
258
,
280 â281
,
287
,
294
,
318
,
335
,
362
,
388 â389
quasi-accidents / properties of
49
,
110
,
119n68
,
132 â133
,
159
,
318
,
320
,
322
,
332 â334
,
341
senses of
5 â6
,
13
,
40
,
179
,
183 â222
,
289
,
294 â295
,
310
,
321
,
335 â336
,
388
analogy; common notions; existence; transcategorical
Benevich, Fedor
39n18
,
41n22
,
45n36
,
316n40
,
322n55
,
323n57
,
326n59
Bertolacci, Amos
1n2
,
58n77
,
76n23
,
79n131
,
82n141
,
87n158
,
89n161
,
96
,
99 â157
,
164n33
,
165n39
,
167
,
175
,
200n52
,
205n61
,
208n65
,
214n78
,
222n2
,
223 â224
,
230n21
,
246n67
,
251 â252
,
263
,
288
,
295n1
,
314
,
315n38
,
328 â331
,
350 â354
,
369n6
,
380 â381n27
Black, Deborah
16n5
,
18 â19n13
,
20
,
35n5
,
37
,
53n64
,
63
,
66n100
,
67
,
70 â74
,
155n15
,
246n67
,
263
categories
16
,
27
,
39 â50
,
54 â56
,
92
,
103
,
109
,
128 â133
,
138 â139
,
147
,
152n1
,
157 â159
,
168
,
185 â189
,
193 â206
,
214 â229
,
247n68
,
253 â260
,
267 â269
,
287
,
294 â322
,
325
,
328
,
330
,
332 â334
,
341 â343
,
350n19
,
380
,
388 â389
being per se; senses of being; transcategorical
cause and effect
1 â4
,
32
,
42 â43
,
52 â55
,
78n129
,
90 â91
,
96 â99
,
101 â103
,
106 â111
,
116 â117
,
120 â125
,
128
,
131 â143
,
145 â149
,
158 â160
,
166
,
169 â179
,
183 â190
,
203
,
206
,
209 â213
,
218
,
226
,
258 â260
,
265 â267
,
270 â294
,
304 â305
,
310
,
313
,
318
,
321 â323
,
326 â327
,
331 â334
,
339
,
341
,
352 â360
,
380n27
,
387 â390
29
,
53
,
96 â97
,
108 â109
,
121 â123
,
304
,
310
,
354 â355
,
372 â374
,
377
aitiology; principles: causal principles
efficient cause of existence
6 â8
,
28 â29
,
42 â43
,
135
,
209 â211
,
249 â250
,
265
,
278 â279
,
282
,
304 â305
,
310
,
318
,
327
,
331 â333
,
350n19
,
352 â355
,
358 â360
,
363 â380
,
383 â390
certainty (yaqīn)
61 â75
,
82n140
,
83
,
85 â92
,
109n37
,
117 â119
,
122
,
140 â145
,
151 â152
,
163
,
177
,
263 â264
principles / propositions of certitude (yaqÄ«niyyÄt)
66
,
85 â92
,
151
,
163
cogitative power (quwwa mufakkira)
38n14
,
64 â65
estimative power; imagination
conceptualization (taá¹£awwur)
3 â5
,
8
,
17 â57
,
61
,
68 â69
,
75 â92
,
112
,
116
,
119
,
127
,
151 â171
,
177 â179
,
195 â196
,
221 â270
,
278
,
292 â293
,
298
,
305
,
311 â312
,
325 â326
,
339 â351
,
367 â369
,
387
,
390 â391
definition; notions; principles
concomitant (lÄzim)
6
,
18
,
39 â48
,
80
,
205
,
224 â226
,
236
,
240
,
244 â245
,
249
,
253 â254
,
258 â259
,
281
,
288
,
308
,
314 â336
,
341 â359
,
365 â366
,
384
subordination
7
,
40 â42
,
225
,
247
,
250
,
329 â330
,
344n4
,
346 â347
,
349 â360
predicables; separable / inseparable
constitutive (muqawwim) / nonconstitutive (Ä¡ayr muqawwim)
7
,
40 â53
,
80 â81
,
250
,
308
,
316 â336
,
341 â350
,
355 â359
,
365
accidental / essential
contradiction, principle of
66
,
69
,
96
,
156
,
275
axioms, principles of demonstration
creation
2
,
8
,
108
,
110
,
146n161
,
235
,
304
,
373n12
,
375 â379
,
383 â386
,
388
,
390
DâAncona, Cristina
99n11
,
101n16
,
250n73-n74
Davidson, Herbert
154nn6â7
,
260n98
,
263
,
264n109
,
272n6
,
276n15
,
280n31
,
356n40
,
372nn9â10
De Haan, Daniel
27n33
,
63n92
,
69n105
,
109n36
,
120n71
,
129n103
,
146n161
,
154n6
,
212n73
,
214n78
,
253n83
,
274n10
,
280n31
,
285n43
,
290n49
,
295n1
,
376n17
definition (ḥadd)
18
,
21 â22
,
27
,
30 â31
,
34 â41
,
48 â56
,
73 â78
,
81 â92
,
108
,
116
,
129
,
131
,
151 â152
,
155 â170
,
175
,
196 â198
,
223 â224
,
229 â233
,
243 â244
,
256
,
261
,
308
,
330
,
334
,
352n23
,
355n35
,
380n24
,
383n39
,
385
principles of definition
15
,
86
,
89
,
151
,
155
,
157
,
162n31
,
163 â164
,
166
,
170
,
223
conceptualization; predicables; principles
demonstration (burhÄn)
1 â4
,
8
,
13 â18
,
27 â33
,
37
,
53
,
55
,
63 â67
,
70 â92
,
95
,
106n33
,
109
,
113
,
118 â121
,
125
,
130 â131
,
134 â136
,
139
,
141
,
144 â150
,
154 â156
,
161
,
163
,
166
,
171
,
179
,
183
,
210
,
212 â213
,
219
,
275
,
282
,
285
,
287
,
291
,
292n54
,
325
,
339
,
375 â380
,
385 â388
,
390 â391
principles of demonstration
6
,
15
,
70
,
82n140
,
86 â89
,
151
,
154 â156
,
162n31
,
163 â164
,
166
,
171 â174
,
177
,
213 â214
,
217
,
220
,
290 â293
science; syllogism
Di Vincenzo, Silvia
39n18
,
41n22
,
42n28
,
45n36
,
46n39
,
316n40
,
322n55
Druart, Thérèse-Anne
53n64
,
56n72
,
153n4
,
190n21
,
196n45
,
225n10
,
229n14
,
235n43
,
236n46
,
243n60
,
295n1
,
316n39
,
321n54
,
344n4
,
349n17
,
350n19
Eichner, Heidrun
74n120
,
76n124
,
82n140
,
86n152
,
135n119
,
153n2
emanation
1 â2
,
13
,
35n5
,
108
,
110
,
353
,
384 â385
,
388
Endress, Gerhard
237n50
,
250
enquiry, objects of
1
,
4
,
13
,
21
,
23
,
77 â79
,
81
,
84
,
87
,
89
,
95
,
106 â124
,
132
,
137 â139
,
141 â142
,
145 â148
,
153
,
160 â163
,
177 â179
,
203
,
206
,
217 â219
,
287
,
339
,
349 â350n19
,
361 â362
,
370 â371
,
374 â375
,
386
,
388 â390
basic questions
3
,
22 â35
,
46 â47
,
53 â57
,
61
,
77 â78
,
81 â84
,
91 â92
,
113 â118
,
131
,
161
,
167 â171
,
191 â193
,
223
,
238
,
245 â246
,
251
,
278
,
347
,
387
heuristic order of basic scientific questions
3
,
8
,
31 â32
,
122
,
350n19
epistemological profile
entity (huwiyya)
230
,
233 â234
,
250 â252
,
266
,
284
entitative principle / part
6 â7
,
231 â232
,
241 â245
,
250 â259
,
262 â267
,
284
,
289
,
309
,
318
,
329
,
331 â332
,
335 â336
,
341 â342
,
346
,
349 â351
,
356 â364
,
368
essence (á¸Ät)
5 â7
,
17
,
25 â31
,
36 â37
,
42
,
50 â54
,
153
,
189 â190
,
232 â254
,
257
,
262
,
265
,
268 â269
,
287 â288
,
312
,
315 â316
,
323 â324
,
327 â333
,
336
,
341
,
344 â360
,
367 â368
,
378
,
381 â384
,
388
,
391
essence (huwiyya)
344 â345
,
252
whatness, true-nature
essentialism
196n46
,
202
,
234
,
237
,
244 â251
,
262
,
312
estimative power (wahm)
36
,
65
,
67
,
245
,
328
cogitative power, imagination
equivocity
295 â310
see analogy; univocity
established (muṯbat) / established existence (wujÅ«d iṯbÄtÄ«)
203 â204
,
230 â237
,
241 â253
,
257 â258
,
263
,
266 â268
,
278
,
311 â312
,
326
,
340 â341
,
362 â364
,
368 â369
realized
evil
303n15
,
381 â382
,
391
excluded middle
4
,
66n98
,
96
,
155n13
,
164
,
296
no middle between affirmation and negation
59
,
66n
,
69
,
109
,
163
,
166
,
171
,
173 â174
,
212 â213
,
217
,
275
,
290 â292
axioms; principles of demonstration
existence (wujūd)
5 â6
,
39 â40
,
45
,
57
,
117n64
,
125 â129
,
131 â132
,
137
,
140
,
151
,
153
,
157
,
172
,
192 â199
,
202 â207
,
215 â216
,
231 â251
,
257 â269
,
271 â273
,
284
,
288
,
297 â315
,
318 â336
,
339 â360
,
361 â391
act of existence
265 â266
,
288 â289
intrinsic / extrinsic construal of existence
7
,
266 â267
,
288 â289
,
294
,
326 â327
,
333
,
362 â368
,
371
,
385
mental / extramental existence
17
,
26
,
193
,
196 â198
,
235 â237
,
240
,
319n50
,
344 â345
specific to be (wujÅ«d áºÄṣṣ, esse proprium)
153
,
231 â233
,
244 â250
,
351
real distinction / composition of existence and essence
153
,
258
,
265
,
278
,
287
,
315n39
,
316
,
328
,
333
,
343
,
346 â347
,
358
,
363
,
391
constitutive; necessary; necessary existence; possible existence
existent (mawjūd) See being
existential
39
,
57
,
62
,
117n64
,
122
,
128
,
131n108
,
226
,
240 â244
,
251
,
253
,
255
,
262 â263
,
266 â269
,
272
,
278
,
319
,
325
,
331 â333
,
347 â349
,
351
,
356 â371
,
375
,
389 â390
existential determination
7
,
279
,
334 â335
,
347 â348
,
354
existential necessity
264
,
366
,
383
,
389 â391
existentialism
234
,
250 â251
,
262
,
269
,
272
,
292
,
312
existentially neutral
27
,
37
,
198 â199n50
,
226
,
250
,
367
existential-thatness (anniyya)
113n51
,
117
,
131
,
137
,
231n29
,
233
,
237
,
251 â253
,
266
,
278
,
314
,
315n38
,
357
,
380 â381
extension / coextensional
5 â7
,
51 â52
,
96
,
147
,
172
,
188
,
203 â205
,
222 â227
,
231
,
236
,
242
,
253 â255
,
258 â259
,
262 â263
,
267 â269
,
273
,
291
,
296 â300
,
312
,
320
,
322
,
334
,
341 â344
,
349 â351
,
359
,
361
,
369n6
,
380n27
,
385
,
389
Al-FÄrÄbÄ«
17n7
,
18
,
22 â23
,
63n93
,
74n120
,
82n140
,
99
,
102 â106
,
111
,
113
,
133
,
138
,
183
,
190 â199
,
202
,
208
,
219
,
234 â237
,
246 â247
,
250
,
260
,
263
,
268
,
290
,
391
fictional entities
53
,
235n43
,
240
form
53
,
68
,
73 â74
,
78n129
,
87
,
97
,
126
,
134 â135
,
189 â190
,
197
,
238 â239
,
241
,
244
,
253n83
,
265
,
305
,
311 â313
,
352 â355
,
358
,
372 â374
,
378 â379
Frank, Richard
235 â236
,
250n74
genus
39
,
42
,
44n33
,
46 â53
,
78 â79
,
90
,
97
,
103
,
109n37
,
132 â133
,
197
,
223
,
280 â282
,
295 â296
,
312 â313
,
316 â326
,
329 â330
,
380n24
,
383n39
Al-GhazÄlÄ«
391
Gilson, Ãtienne
153n4
,
216n83
,
247n69
,
265n110
,
312n31
,
316n39
,
330n66
God
8
,
379 â386
attributes
8
,
379 â386
,
390
existence of
2 â3
,
8
,
25
,
29
,
117 â120
,
146n161
,
149
,
154
,
177
,
285
,
371 â378
,
386 â391
first cause
2
,
4
,
29
,
101
,
110 â111
,
116 â117
,
121 â123
,
135 â143
,
210
,
218
,
310
,
372 â379
,
387
,
390
necessary voluntary creation
1 â2
,
13
,
377 â378
,
383 â388
,
390
one
102
,
377 â385
thing
369n6
,
380 â381n27
true-nature is necessary existence in itself
357 â358
,
378 â385
,
387
truth
141
,
290
,
379
,
382n31
,
385 â386
necessary; necessary existence
good
8
,
97
,
109n37
,
142
,
222n2
,
303n15
Gutas, Dimitri
1n1
,
14n1
,
15n3
,
16n5
,
55
,
101n15
,
104
,
134n116
,
190n21
,
237n50
,
250n74
,
324n58
Hasse, Dag
35n
,
155n15
henology
107n35
,
108
,
110n39
,
147 â148
,
254
,
268
,
343
,
347
Houser, R.E.
69n105
,
77n125
,
86n152
,
96
,
102n19
,
106n33
,
109n37
,
110 â111
,
154n6 & n9
,
157
,
165n39
,
167
,
170n46
,
177
,
208n66
,
214n78
,
274n10
,
277n18
,
280n30
,
291n52
,
348n16
,
378n19
hylomorphism
352
,
356
,
358 â359
form; matter
hypothesis
4 â6
,
81
,
109
,
111
,
135
,
152 â157
,
163 â164
,
172
,
175 â179
,
201
,
206 â214
,
217 â220
,
223
,
269 â293
,
308
,
313
,
320
,
327
,
331
,
345 â346
,
356 â359
,
362 â364
,
367 â368
,
373 â381
,
385
,
389 â390
causal / compositional properties
6
,
166
,
169 â174
,
211
,
270
,
274 â283
,
286
,
292 â293
,
327
,
331
,
367
,
375 â377
assent; principles
imagination
38
,
44
,
65
,
74
,
228n13
,
256
cogitative power
immaterial
52
,
109 â111
,
226
,
244
,
283
,
313
,
348
,
352
,
356
,
385
impossible (mumtaniʿ)
7
,
59 â62
,
155
,
168
,
176
,
229 â231
,
240
,
259
,
261 â262
,
272 â273
,
322
,
342
,
356 â358
Inati, Shams
35n4
,
49n53
,
66 â67n100
,
70n109
in itself / through another
39n16
,
167
,
171 â173
,
174n50
,
177
,
290
,
317 â320
,
324 â327
,
331 â335
,
369 â371
,
375
,
380n27
intellect
18 â19
,
35 â39
,
42
,
61 â68
,
115
,
122
,
145 â146
,
159 â160
,
162n31
,
195 â196
,
222 â223
,
238 â240
,
256 â257
,
272
,
298 â299
,
313
,
328
,
362 â363
,
381 â386
intention / intension / meaning (maÊ¿nÄ)
5 â6
,
17 â20
,
25 â26
,
29 â31
,
37 â56
,
61
,
65
,
69
,
84
,
118
,
125
,
128 â131
,
137
,
143
,
152n1
,
159
,
164 â165
,
168
,
170
,
184
,
187
,
192 â196
,
203 â205
,
224 â236
,
241 â268
,
280 â282
,
295 â305
,
341 â371
,
380n27
,
385
first and second intentions
17 â18
,
39
,
41 â42
,
92
,
126 â128
,
136 â137
,
193 â198
,
235
,
247n68
,
319
intensional priority / subordination
7
,
222
,
340 â371
,
385
intensional unity
see analogy
Janssens, Jules
54n68
,
216n83
,
229n14
,
283n40
,
372n10
,
375n16
kalÄm
253
Al-Kindī
99 â102
,
104n27
,
106
,
117
,
124
,
191
,
246n67
,
250 â252
,
391
knowledge
primary / acquired
21 â22
,
29 â36
,
48
,
50
,
56 â56
,
64 â65
,
71 â75
,
88 â92
,
131
,
173 â174
,
387
assent; conceptualization; demonstration; science
Lameer, Joep
19n15
,
34n2
,
35n4
Lammer, Andreas
19n15
,
35n4
,
65n96
,
67n100
,
81n137
,
82nn140â141
,
84n147
,
85n149
,
86n152
,
243n63
Liber de Causis
111
Lizzini, Olga
142nn141â142
,
146n161
,
153n4
,
154n5
,
155n15
,
196n45
,
207n63
,
209n70
,
225n11
,
229n14
,
234nn40â41
,
247n69
,
250nn73â74
,
283
,
285n42
,
315n39
,
350 â351
,
352n24
,
354n33
,
355
logic
3 â4
,
8
,
13 â18
,
27 â28
,
32
,
35 â37
,
39n16
,
55
,
58 â61
,
70 â76
,
92
,
105
,
108
,
115
,
119
,
126 â128
,
136 â137
,
160
,
174
,
178
,
191
,
228
,
238 â240
,
260 â262
,
315n38
,
343
,
387
,
391
matrix of logical distinctions
34 â56
,
92
,
217
,
224 â225
,
316 â317
,
329 â330
subject of logic
16 â17
,
92
,
126
mathematics
14
,
86 â88
,
105
,
108
,
115 â121
,
126 â127
,
133
,
136 â138
,
144 â145
,
156n16
,
174 â175
,
226
,
255
matter
16
,
29
,
52 â53
,
68
,
87
,
97 â98
,
109 â110
,
115 â116
,
120 â121
,
126 â129
,
134 â137
,
140 â141
,
144
,
197
,
226 â227
,
238 â240
,
244
,
265
,
273
,
283 â285
,
304 â305
,
310 â313
,
352 â355
,
358
,
372 â374
,
377 â379
,
382
neutrally nonmaterial / immaterial
109 â111
,
126 â130
,
137
,
203
,
226 â227
,
297
Maurer, Armand
244n65
McGinnis, Jon
20n18
,
25n29
,
29n41
,
35nn4â5
,
53n62
,
58
,
61nn84â85
,
75n122
,
91n168
,
102n19
,
104n26
,
123n83
,
153n4
,
154n7
,
155n15
,
209n70
,
260n98
,
264
,
265n112
,
272n6
,
280n31
,
283n40
,
352n24
,
375n16
,
378n19
,
382n33
Menn, Stephen
17n7
,
165n39
,
183 â185
,
189 â201
,
207 â209
,
225n11
,
234n37-n38
,
239n54
,
247n68
,
295n1
metaphysics
after nature
88
,
102
,
144
divine science
78
,
88
,
98
,
102
,
106
,
115 â117
,
120
,
124 â127
,
139 â143
goal / ultimate objects of enquiry
1 â2
,
4 â8
,
13
,
102 â106
,
110 â113
,
117 â120
,
124 â125
,
132
,
139
,
141
,
144 â149
,
218 â221
,
304
,
339
,
370
,
374 â375
,
387 â390
epistemological profile of
1
,
3
,
13 â14
,
33
,
48 â49
,
75 â76
,
92
,
95
,
106 â113
,
118
,
137
,
147 â149
,
153 â154
,
178 â179
,
183
,
190
,
216 â218
,
221
,
226
,
387
subject of
1 â6
,
84n146
,
95
,
99
,
106 â141
,
148 â149
,
160 â161
,
172 â173
,
203 â206
,
215 â216
,
219
,
226 â227
,
255
,
368 â371
,
374
,
377
,
387
,
389
universal science
88
,
96 â98
,
102 â103
,
112
,
115
,
121
,
136
,
142
,
160
,
177
,
350 â351
aitiology; enquiry; ontology; theology
modus tollens
28
,
170
,
276 â279
,
285
MullÄ á¹¢adrÄ
391
Mutakallimūn
191n23
,
235
,
236n45
,
240
,
391
Muʿtazilite
191n23
,
235 â237
,
240
,
249
nature (á¹abÄ«Ê¿a)
232 â233
,
243 â244
natural philosophy / philosophy of nature / science of nature
68
,
75
,
78
,
87 â88
,
102
,
105
,
108
,
115 â116
,
119
,
121
,
126 â127
,
134 â136
,
143 â146
,
175n51
,
176
,
209 â211
,
226
,
231n29
,
243 â244
,
265
,
274
,
289
,
294
,
305 â306
,
354
hypotheses of natural philosophy
176 â177
,
209
,
211
act and potency
necessary (á¸arÅ«rÄ«)
5
,
59 â61
,
157
,
199
,
206
,
221 â222
,
229
,
231 â233
,
259 â261
necessary (wÄjib)
232 â234
,
259 â267
,
361 â391
logical necessary (á¸arÅ«rÄ«) / ontological necessary (wÄjib)
59 â61
,
260 â261
necessary existence (wÄjib al-wujÅ«d)
164 â179
,
206 â214
,
232 â234
,
259 â293
,
302
,
305
,
308
,
313 â314
,
317
,
332
,
358
,
361 â391
invariance of existence (taʾakkud al-wujūd)
232 â233
,
251
,
261 â268
,
272 â273
,
278
,
287 â289
,
297
,
331
,
341 â342
,
359
,
367 â369
,
375
,
385
permanence of existence (dawÄm al-wujÅ«d)
60
,
232 â233
,
260 â261
,
264
,
266
,
273
necessary existence through another
6
,
63
,
263 â265
,
271 â290
,
292n56
,
294
,
305
,
314
,
317 â318
,
326 â327
,
331 â332
,
335
,
345 â346
,
362 â371
,
375 â376
,
379
,
389
possible existence
necessitarian metaphysics
264
,
390 â391
oneness / simplicity of
279 â290
,
378 â383
uncaused
275 â279
,
282 â283
,
370 â379
demonstration of existence of
2 â3
,
8
,
95
,
110
,
154
,
219
,
285
,
288
,
346
,
370 â378
,
386 â388
,
390
Neoplatonism
101 â102
,
111
,
147n163
,
235
,
347
,
391
noetic acts
3
,
30 â32
,
35
,
65
,
339
,
387
ideogenesis
38
nonbeing / nonexistence (Ê¿adam)
7
,
57 â62
,
103
,
155 â157
,
164 â165
,
185
,
189
,
191n23
,
194n37
,
199
,
205n60
,
230 â231
,
234 â236
,
240
,
248 â249
,
260 â262
,
276 â277
,
283
,
292
,
332
,
342
,
368
,
378 â381
privation
58
,
187
,
194
,
303n15
,
305
,
380n24
common notions
45
,
96
,
111
,
121
,
129 â130
,
133 â138
,
143
,
149
,
159
,
172
,
175
,
177
,
202 â203
,
222n2
,
223
,
231
,
275
,
285
,
297
,
341
primary notions
27
,
35
,
49
,
54
,
65
,
68 â69
,
84
,
89
,
95
,
109
,
111 â112
,
134
,
150 â179
,
183
,
201 â206
,
214 â269
,
273
,
275
,
278
,
284 â287
,
291 â297
,
301
,
305 â306
,
311 â313
,
316
,
318 â326
,
331 â336
basic primary notions
2 â3
,
7
,
13
,
233
,
340 â362
,
385
,
388
fundamental primary notion
2 â3
,
7 â9
,
13
,
233
,
333
,
336
,
340
,
348
,
361 â391
opposites
203
,
340 â343
notional transformation
notional amplification
5
â6,
51 â52
,
136
,
172
,
222
,
226 â227
,
241 â242
,
258
,
266 â268
,
291 â292
,
296 â297
,
300
,
305
,
322
,
334
,
341
,
369
,
375
,
379
,
383
notional constriction
6
,
51 â52
,
133
,
136 â137
,
172 â173
,
202 â206
,
214
,
217
,
222 â227
,
249
,
258
,
268
,
273
,
291
,
297
,
300
,
305
,
322
,
334
,
341
,
369
,
380n27
one (wÄḥid)
5 â7
,
52
,
102 â103
,
140
,
147 â148
,
159
,
167
,
202 â205
,
222
,
225
,
227
,
230 â233
,
254 â259
,
268 â269
,
279 â287
,
296 â297
,
306 â308
,
316
,
322
,
328
,
330 â336
,
340 â348
,
359
,
362 â363
,
368
,
372 â373
,
377 â381
,
383n39
,
385
indivisible
6 â7
,
52
,
81 â83
,
232 â233
,
255 â259
,
262 â263
,
268
,
284
,
297
,
331
,
334 â335
,
339
,
341 â343
,
346 â348
,
359 â360
,
363
,
368
,
377
,
385
indivisible to be (wujÅ«d lÄ yanqasim)
232 â233
,
257 â258
,
268
,
331
,
346
unity
ontology
6 â7
,
13
,
39
,
46
,
58 â61
,
95
,
98 â99
,
102
,
106 â114
,
124 â125
,
131 â133
,
140 â141
,
148 â149
,
154
,
166
,
177
,
192
,
196 â198
,
201
,
209
,
212 â214
,
218 â220
,
224
,
235 â236
,
240
,
260 â267
,
272
,
277
,
284
,
287 â292
,
297
,
310
,
314
,
322
,
339 â379
,
385 â391
Owens, Joseph
96n1
,
98 â99
,
184n2
,
185n8
,
187n14
,
196n46
,
225n11
,
251n75
,
265n110
,
315n39
,
345n9
,
349n18
perfection
266n113
,
303n15
,
309 â310
,
381 â384
philosophical theology
102
,
106
,
109n37
,
250
,
374
,
377
,
379
theology
Plato
237n50
,
238 â239
Platonists
97
,
108
,
246n67
,
248
,
283
,
350n19
,
372
,
389
Plotinus
250
,
252
Porphyry
16
,
39 â40
,
45 â46
Porro, Pasquale
116n60
,
128n101
possible (mumkin)
5 â8
,
58 â63
,
121
,
133 â138
,
322
proper possible / common possible
60 â63
,
261
possible existence (mumkin al-wujūd)
109
,
151 â159
,
165 â178
,
194n37
,
199 â200
,
206 â214
,
217 â219
,
229 â231
,
240
,
249 â250
,
259 â267
,
270 â294
,
304 â310
,
313 â314
,
318 â320
,
325 â327
,
331 â335
,
339 â342
,
345 â350
,
356
,
358
,
362 â386
,
389 â390
predicables
7
,
34
,
39 â41
,
44 â49
,
54
,
225
,
280
,
315 â334
,
343
,
347
,
349 â350n19
,
357
principles
34
,
64 â67
,
70 â71
,
77
,
82 â83
,
87 â89
,
117n64
,
151
,
162
,
223
,
304
causal principles
103
,
106 â110
,
133 â140
,
143
,
146 â149
,
177 â179
,
206
,
222
,
226 â227
,
258
,
297
,
322
,
369 â370n7
,
373
common principles
86 â89
,
127
,
134 â135
,
151
,
152n1
,
156
,
178
,
306
proper principles
86 â89
,
109
,
111
,
151
,
152n1
,
156
,
178
scientific principles
3
,
7 â8
,
81
,
86
,
90
,
95
,
106 â112
,
135
,
139 â155
,
162 â167
,
175 â179
,
201
,
206
,
214
,
217 â227
,
270
,
292 â294
,
306
,
339
,
349 â350n19
,
351
,
367
,
375
,
387 â391
Proclus
111
,
239n54
,
250
Pythagoreans
372
,
389
question
see enquiry
quiddity
see whatness
Rashed, Marwan
237n50
,
238n51
Al-RÄzÄ«
391
realized subsistence (mutaḥaṣṣal qiwÄm)
231 â233
,
241 â242
,
253
,
266
,
311 â312
,
348
,
363
reductio ad absurdum
155
,
168 â171
,
174
,
285
Reisman, David C.
102n19
,
104n26
,
324n58
science / scientific knowledge (Ê¿ilm)
3 â4
,
8
,
14 â15
,
32 â35
,
61 â64
,
70 â92
,
95 â98
,
102 â149
,
151
,
156 â157
,
160
,
163
,
175n51
,
178
,
190
,
198n50
,
221
,
226 â227
,
339
,
387
division of
14
,
64
,
96
,
115 â116
,
119
,
121
,
125 â131
,
136
demonstration; metaphysics: epistemological profile of
Scotus, John Duns
391
Schöck, Cornelia
265n112
semantic triangle
36 â37
,
298
semiotic order
37
separable / inseparable See also logic: matrix of logical distinctions
18
,
40 â48
,
224 â226
,
236
,
244 â245
,
249
,
253 â259
,
283
,
288
,
300
,
307 â308
,
311
,
314 â336
,
341 â348
,
356 â359
,
365 â366
separate from matter
98
,
109 â111
,
120
,
127 â129
,
137
,
140 â141
,
189n18
,
190
,
238 â238
,
313
,
352 â356
,
382
species
39
,
42
,
46 â55
,
80
,
103
,
107n35
,
196
,
223
,
245 â246
,
253
,
310 â312
,
317
,
320
,
329 â330
,
343
quasi-species
8
,
106 â109
,
132 â139
,
147 â149
,
178 â179
,
201 â206
,
214 â222
,
226 â227
,
258
,
280 â282
,
287
,
294
,
314
,
317 â318
,
323 â325
,
335
,
341
,
362
,
388 â389
Street, Tony
15
,
16n4
,
58
,
74n119
Strobino, Riccardo
16
,
19n13
,
20n18
,
22 â30
,
35 â36
,
40 â42
,
45n36
,
49n53
,
50
,
60 â61
,
64 â65
,
73 â77
,
228n13
,
316n40
,
331n67
subsistence (qiwÄm)
116 â117
,
127 â129
,
132
,
137
,
203 â204
,
231 â233
,
241 â242
,
253
,
266
,
311 â312
,
363 â364
realized subsistence
substance
39 â44
,
54 â56
,
80
,
108 â109
,
126 â128
,
132 â133
,
144
,
147
,
157 â158
,
185 â190
,
194 â195
,
198
,
201 â206
,
209
,
214 â217
,
226 â227
,
244
,
249
,
255n88
,
258
,
287
,
292n54
,
294 â323
,
330n66
,
334
,
343 â346
,
352 â359
,
370
,
375
,
380
,
389
categories; species: quasi-species
syllogisms
16 â22
,
27 â37
,
55
,
61 â92
,
155
,
160 â165
,
171 â172
,
177
,
307 â308
see assent; demonstration
synonyms
51
,
66
,
117n64
,
165
,
168
,
170
,
203 â205
,
222
,
225 â237
,
241 â254
,
257 â259
,
266
,
288
,
311
,
315
,
363
Taylor, Richard
375n16
theology
8 â9
,
13
,
95 â125
,
135 â142
,
148 â149
,
212 â213
,
218 â219
,
235 â241
,
271 â271
,
290
,
310
,
370
,
375 â386
,
388 â391
thing (šayʾ)
5
,
196n45
,
222
,
229 â237
,
242 â262
,
266 â269
,
273
,
277 â287
,
291 â292
,
296 â299
,
304 â305
,
308 â320
,
324 â336
,
339 â363
,
368
,
369n6
,
373
,
377
,
380n27
,
385
thingness (šayʾiyya)
232 â233
,
236 â237
,
240
,
243
,
249
,
253
transcategorical / transcendental
5
,
109n37
,
121
,
128 â130
,
136 â139
,
143
,
152n1
,
153
,
159
,
172
,
176
,
205 â211
,
217 â219
,
224 â227
,
255
,
263 â269
,
270
,
273 â274
,
293
,
312
,
318 â323
,
342
,
346
,
365
,
380
,
385
,
391
analogy
transcategorical disjunctives
172
,
176
,
207 â211
,
217 â219
,
265
,
270
,
318
,
322 â323
Treiger, Alexander
295n1
,
297 â298n7
true / truth (ḥaqq)
5
,
20
,
24 â28
,
31
,
57 â58
,
61 â69
,
84 â85
,
90 â92
,
96
,
98n2
,
101
,
119
,
141
,
159
,
163
,
166 â167
,
171
,
172n48
,
190
,
193 â199
,
211 â214
,
218 â220
,
235
,
243
,
247
,
290 â292
true propositions
17n7
,
18 â19n13
,
20
,
26
,
56 â57
,
60 â62
,
65
,
68 â69
,
72
,
90
,
97
,
160
,
166
,
174
,
177
,
185
,
188 â190
,
195 â198
,
213 â217
,
220
,
222
,
243
,
290
senses of being
true-nature / truthness (haqīqa)
1 â2
,
8
,
26 â27
,
43n30
,
51
,
61 â63
,
117n64
,
231
,
243
,
245 â250
,
253
,
280
,
378
,
380 â381n27
,
383
Al-Ṭūsī
391
accidentality of unity
333 â335
unity of necessary existence in itself
8
,
373
,
377 â379
,
383n39
,
386
unity and multiplicity
172
,
256 â258
,
347
one
universals and particulars
37 â42
,
45 â48
,
52
,
66
,
82n140
,
97
,
108
,
109n37
,
110
,
121
,
133
,
135
,
138
,
147
,
202
,
208
,
239n54
,
240
,
244
,
315n38
,
317
,
322
,
323n56
,
341
,
350n19
,
370
,
389
problem of
153
,
243n63
univocity
128
,
133
,
194 â198
,
235
,
295 â310
,
319
,
325
whatness / quiddity (mÄhiyya)
5 â7
,
17
,
26
,
29
,
34
,
36
,
39 â46
,
50 â53
,
78 â81
,
84
,
130 â131
,
192 â199
,
216
,
225
,
230 â233
,
236 â259
,
266 â269
,
277 â279
,
284
,
295 â299
,
305 â336
,
341 â360
,
363
,
366 â369
,
377
,
380 â381n27
,
385
existentially insufficient quiddity
277 â279
,
308
,
320
,
327
quidditative determination
7
,
242
,
279
,
334
,
347 â348
,
355
quiddity in itself
26
,
240
,
277 â278
,
332
,
358 â359
essence; thing; true-nature
whichness (ayyiyya)
113 â116
,
124
,
132
,
139
,
149
,
160
,
226
whole and part
66
,
147
,
208
mereology
108
,
253n83
whole is greater than (the sum of) its parts
35n4
,
38n14
,
65 â66
,
68
,
156
axiom; entity: entitative whole; demonstration: principles of demonstration
Wisnovsky, Robert
7
,
39n16
,
99n11
,
196n45
,
209n70
,
225n11
,
232n32
,
235n42
,
236n45
,
237n50
,
240n55
,
246n67
,
259 â260
,
264
,
271 â272
,
296n4
,
349n18
,
349 â350n19
,
355n37
Wolfson, Harry Austryn
35n4
,
86n152
,
155n15
,
295n1
Yaḥyá ibn ʿAdī
100
,
104n27
,
237 â240
,
246n67
,
260
,
345
three modes of existence
237 â240
,
345