Index
’s-Hertogenbosch
36, 78, 124, 236, 281, 283, 300
church of Our Lady
189
cult of Our Lady
36, 78, 93, 262, 273
Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady
23, 45
Aachen
76, 90, 149, 166–167, 192
Aarschot
33, 36, 202, 253
cult of Our Lady
98–100, 102, 105, 289
Aartselaar, cult of Saint Leonard
96, 105, 290, 300, 306
Abelard, Peter
82
Acquaviva, Claudio
161
adiaphora
133
Adrian, saint, cult in Geraardsbergen
36, 93, 352n85
Aertsen, Pieter
1, 138, 140, 209, 211, 212, 215, 219, 221, 242–244, 327
Affaitadi, Giovanni Francesco
227, 230
Albert of Austria
161, 281, 296, 302–304, 310, 314–315, 318, 321, 324.
Archdukes Albert and Isabella
Albert, saint
314
Aleander, Hieronymus
121
Alem
300
Alena, saint, cult in Vorst
33, 42, 44, 273
Alkmaar
242
cult of the Holy Blood
225, 361n61
All Saints
34, 180, 204, 350n10
Alsemberg, cult of Our Lady
276, 377n118
altar angels
63–64, 66
altarpieces
7, 20–23, 25–28, 42, 45, 60, 86–88, 209, 264
altarpieces in Zoutleeuw
69
of Saint Catherine
69, 70
of Saint Hubert (carved)
219, 221
of Saint Hubert (painted)
209, 215, 216, 219
of Saint Leonard
15, 18, 19–26, 51, 55–56, 58, 60, 69–70, 72, 94, 107, 293, 326
of Saint Peter
203
of the Penitent sinners
215, 218
of the Seven effusions of the blood of Christ
213–215, 214
of the Seven joys of Mary
209–213, 212, 239
of the Seven sorrows of Mary (carved)
219, 220
of the Seven sorrows of Mary (painted)
209, 211
Altötting
102
Ambrose, saint
205, 316
amende honorable
173, 225, 239
Amersfoort
103
cult of Our Lady
79, 137, 145
ampullae
207, 219
Amsterdam
102, 215
Heilige Stede
167
Anabaptism, Anabaptists
121, 165, 167, 169, 175
Anderlecht
church of Saint Peter
151
cult of Saint Guido
91, 362n79
Anne, saint
76, 106, 189, 219, 322
cult in Düren
51, 76
anniversary Masses
44, 123–125, 196, 209.
foundations; memorial Masses
antependia
56, 281
Anthonisz., Cornelis
138
Anthony, saint
69, 283
Antichrist
134, 269
antiphons
189, 200
Antwerp
36, 72, 98, 102, 103, 123, 157, 167, 177, 181, 187, 277, 281
as artistic center
69, 111, 158, 182, 190, 192, 209, 327
church (later cathedral) of Our Lady
55, 123, 127–128, 179, 186, 243, 349n33
church of Saint Jacob
123
cult of Our Lady op ’t Stokske
127, 146, 360n16
iconoclasm in
139, 186, 244, 246, 248
Protestantism in
119, 121, 125–126, 136, 185, 205, 243, 251
Apostolic Chancery
55
Aquinas, Thomas
182, 205
Archdukes Albert and Isabella 161, 281, 302, 304–307, 309–310, 319, 321, 324. Albert of Austria; Isabella of Spain
archives
47, 196, 264, 373n70
Aren, Jan II van
190
Artois, County of
251, 271
Augsburg
315
Ausems, Henric, chaplain
202, 203
Averbode Abbey
371n159
Avignon
30
badges see pilgrim badges
Basil of Caesarea
143
Bastogne
291
Bavaria
76, 309, 323
Bayard, horse
146
Beeldenstorm
1, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 122, 124, 133, 142, 146, 153, 155, 173, 184, 186, 222, 223, 239, 241–255, 268–270, 285, 300, 301, 323, 325, 326.
iconoclasm
bells, bell-ringing
34, 36, 37, 42, 51, 94, 158, 160, 163, 184, 286, 291, 311
Berchem
363n96, 370n115
Bergen op Zoom
96, 124
church of Our Lady
189
Bergues (Sint-Winoksbergen)
173, 239
Berlaar
33
Beyaert, Joes
52, 56, 60, 69, 70, 232
biers
198
Bloccius, Petrus
226, 238
Blood Placard (Eternal Edict)
139
Boba, Jacob
149
Boccaccio, Giovanni
205
Boendale, Jan van
82
Bois-Seigneur-Isaac, cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
116
Bollen, Jan
305, 367n12, 378n2, 380n77
Bologna
315–316
Bolsward
78
Boniface VIII, Pope
81
Borman, Jan
350n15
Borman, Passchier
370n115
Borromeo, Charles
315
Bosch, Hieronymus
23
Bourbourg (Broekburg)
227
Brabant, Council of
161
Brabant, Duchy of
1, 13, 28, 91, 104, 189, 190, 227, 246, 252, 255, 290, 308–309, 314
Brandwijk
185
Breda
173, 180, 227, 285
church of Our Lady
189
cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
115
Brimeu, family
102
Broekburg see Bourbourg
Bruegel, Pieter
132, 150, 151, 152, 168, 170
Bruges
52, 81, 83, 95, 105, 140, 246, 283, 301, 304, 372n35
cult of Our Lady of the Potterie
264
Brussels
36, 65, 82, 98, 100, 102, 103, 281, 297, 304, 305, 315, 319, 321
as artistic center
5, 19–23, 51, 58, 87, 149, 150, 151, 158, 209
church of Saint Nicholas, confraternity of the Holy Sacrament
183
church of Saints Michael and Gudula
61, 160–164, 248–249
church of Saints Michael and Gudula, cult of Our Lady
275
church of the Discalced Carmelites
314
confraternity of Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows
100
cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
115, 160–164, 166, 183, 230, 236, 274, 275, 323, 324
Franciscan convent
315
Hospital of Saint Peter
370n115
iconoclastic threats
246, 248–249
Protestantism in
120, 121, 129, 173, 206, 243, 250, 274, 276, 323
Brustem
165
Brustem, Joannes van
156–157
Bucer, Martin
134
Buchinger, Michael
205–206
Bunderius, Johannes (Jan van den Bundere)
142, 167, 186, 189
Buzelin, Jean
314, 317
Calvin, Jean
133–135, 143, 184, 185, 206, 226, 239, 323
Calvinism, Calvinists, Calvinist regimes
121, 135, 136, 186, 226, 243, 244, 249, 250, 251, 252, 274, 284, 307, 323
Cambrai
78, 126
Cambrésis
271
Camerlinck, Godfried, priest and canon
33–34
Campene, Cornelis van
241
candelabra, candlestands
58, 61–63, 70, 72
Candlemas
42, 180
candles, candlelight
5, 12, 64, 146, 147, 163, 172, 180, 202, 237, 327.
ex-votos, votive candles; wax
Canterbury
100
Cassel
186
Castro, Alfonso de
205
Catherine of Aragon
86
Cattenbrouck, Ambrosius van
370n115
Caussarts, Jan
144–145, 154, 299, 300
Cecilia, saint
190–191
chalices
5, 88, 158, 177, 209, 219
Chapeaville, Jean
291
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
82, 123, 139, 161–163, 205, 230, 275, 277, 304
chasubles
158.
liturgical vestments
Chièvres, cult of Our Lady
262, 275
choir stalls
226, 227, 230, 324
Christmas
177, 180
Christopher, saint
69, 283
church portals (parvis)
1, 32, 47, 53, 65, 147, 327, 353n99
churchwarden accounts
9, 169, 176, 273–274
from Lier
98
from Zoutleeuw
12–14, 35–37, 44–45, 53, 56, 169, 176, 187, 207, 255, 286
churchwardens
12, 33, 42, 69, 77, 197, 227.
fabricae ecclesiae; Zoutleeuw, church of Saint Leonard, fabrica ecclesiae
ciboria
158, 226
Clarisse, Rogier
277, 280
Clemens non Papa, Jacob
191
Clement VI, Pope
81
Clovis
19, 20
Cochlaeus, Johann
205–206, 235
Coennen, Cornelis
150–151
Coens, Jan
283–284
Colene, Willem van
70
collegiate chapters
100, 186.
Zoutleeuw, church of Saint Leonard, collegiate chapter
Cologne
36, 76, 116, 118, 160, 195, 248
cult of the Eleven Thousand Virgins
308
communion
169, 170, 176–180, 195, 292.
Eucharist; hosts
communion rails, benches or tables
179
wine
114, 177, 179–180
sacramental communion
176, 180
spiritual communion
176, 180, 237
Confederation of Nobles
243, 251, 253
confraternities
68, 75, 83, 103, 123–124, 127–128, 181, 187.
Zoutleeuw, guilds and confraternities
Coninxloo, van (alias Schernier), family of painters
151
Constantine, Roman Emperor
200
copes
146, 182, 185, 209, 210, 213, 219.
liturgical vestments
Cornelius, saint
69
cult in Kornelimünster
51
cult in Ninove
93
Corpus Christi
180, 234.
Eucharist
feast
114–115, 182
procession
116, 146, 172, 173, 183
Costerus, Franciscus
280, 282–283
Couderlier, Lauren
275, 277
Council of Troubles
113, 184, 186, 248, 252
Council of War
302
Coutheren, Jan vander
61, 312, 313
Coxcie, Michiel
191, 192, 223
Croÿ, Guillaume II de, Lord of Chièvres
100, 227
Croÿ, Philippe III
253–254
crucifixes
25–26, 136, 139, 140, 141, 167, 251, 285
Cuelsbrouck, Gerard van
230, 237
cult images, miraculous images
30–32, 71, 72, 89, 107, 136, 299, 301
Cusa, Nicholas of
81
d’Heere, Lucas
185
Dadizele, cult of Our Lady
93, 273
Dalem, Willem van, dean
190
Damme, cult of the Holy Cross
263
Datheen, Petrus
185
Delft
69, 78, 90, 91, 123, 125, 126, 128, 139, 146, 276
Den Briel
186, 315
Den Val der Roomsche Kercken
136
Dendermonde
150, 264
Deutz, Rupert of
205
Devil
94, 111, 134, 136, 137, 184, 233, 270
Devotio Moderna
27, 82
devotionalia
146–151, 153, 158, 177.
ex-votos; pilgrimage pennants; pilgrim badges
Diest
52, 158, 165, 187, 189, 227, 251, 252
church of Saint Sulpice
34
Diksmuide
250, 252, 372n35
church of Saint Nicholas
179
Dionysius the Areopagite
205
discant
189–190
Distelen, Daniël van der
190
Doesburg
124
Donk, cult of Saint Leonard
290
Dordrecht
185, 363n119
choir stalls
226, 227, 324
cult of the Holy Cross
155
Dorothea of Denmark
112
Dorothea of Lorraine
281
Douai
306
Driedo, Joannes
205
Drogenbos
33
Druys, Jean, abbot
311
Dudzele, cult of Saint Leonard
52, 95, 146, 151
Düren, cult of Saint Anne
51, 76
Dürer, Albrecht, Apocalypse
105, 106
Dymphna, saint
312
cult in Geel
105
Easter candlestand
5, 61, 62
Easter Monday
291
Easter
177, 180
Eck, Johannes
141
Ekkergem
379n69
Eleven Thousand Virgins, cult in Cologne
308.
Ursula, saint
Elizabeth, saint
315
Elst, Claes van der
173
Emden
136
Emser, Hieronymus
295
England
136, 142
iconoclasm in
122
piety in
9, 129, 323
enshrinement
72, 107, 167, 326
epitaphs, wall-mounted memorials
85, 197, 198
epitaphs in Zoutleeuw
197, 198, 209
of Gillis van Haugen
204
of Henric Spieken, Willem Spieken & Marie Helspiegels
200, 201, 202, 241
of Henrick van Strijrode & Margriet Spieken
198, 199, 200, 241
Erasmus, Desiderius
82, 121, 135, 136, 141, 143, 170, 183, 322
Escorial
304
Essen, Jan van
120
Eternal Edict (Blood Placard)
139
Eucharist
84, 88, 111, 117, 118, 161, 163, 166, 174, 176, 177, 180, 182, 195, 207, 219, 221–222, 234, 237, 325, 327.
Corpus Christi; Holy Sacrament; hosts
Catholic defense
224–226, 234, 235, 271, 315
Protestant critique
140, 163, 165–167, 169–176, 224, 239, 285, 315
triumph of
225, 226, 230, 234, 235, 321, 324
Eucharistic relics and miracles
115–117, 159–161, 163, 164, 166–167, 170, 183, 225, 267, 274, 285
Eustachius, saint, cult in Zichem
311
Everberg, cult of the Holy Cross
284
executions
82, 121, 126, 154, 176, 250
Exsurge Domine
119, 121
ex-votos, votive gifts, votive offerings 7, 37, 39, 146–147, 153, 154, 259, 262, 272, 275, 281, 286–288, 306, 326. votive paintings
crutches
39, 147, 259–260, 281, 286, 326
Protestant critique
137
votive candles
37, 96, 147, 158, 326
fabricae ecclesiae
12, 39, 103–104, 187.
churchwardens; Zoutleeuw, church of Saint Leonard, fabrica ecclesiae
Failgie, Jacob
149, 150, 151
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
230
Flanders, County of
1, 9, 46, 93, 121, 123, 140, 227, 244, 246, 252, 271, 304
Floris, Cornelis
5, 15, 110, 111, 113, 117, 118, 219, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 237, 324
Floris, Frans
1, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 221, 242–243, 327
foundations
12–14, 44, 75, 83, 103–104, 123, 127, 180, 187, 196–198, 203, 209.
Masses; anniversary Masses; memorial Masses
France
19
iconoclasm in
122, 143, 245
piety in
76, 129, 183
Francis, saint
139
Frayteur, Jean de, abbot
311
Frederick I, King of Denmark
112
Fredericq, Paul
80–82
funerals
169, 198, 204, 209, 303, 364n28.
vigils
Gaiffier, Pierre
249
Gansfort, Wessel
82
Gauchy, Michel de
21, 23
Gautier, Paulus, miraculé
259–260, 266, 286, 291–295, 319, 326
Geel, cult of Saint Dymphna
105
Geldenaken (Jodoigne)
294
Gembloux
63
Genevieve, saint, cult in Zepperen
39, 361n55
Genitori genitoque
182
George, saint
69, 71
Geraardsbergen, cult of Saint Adrian
36, 93, 352n85
Germany
117, 275, 295
Geuzen
1, 251, 253, 254, 255, 262, 269, 272, 283, 284, 290, 300, 315
Gheeten, Joes van der
182, 203
Ghent
81, 100, 121, 125, 126, 137, 142, 185, 186, 226, 244, 246, 262, 363n119
abbey of Saint Peter
230, 237, 271, 273
church of Saint Nicholas
227
confraternities
83, 123, 124, 127
cult of Our Lady ter Rive
264, 282, 375n61
Gheten, Henrick vander, canon
158
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
114
Glymes, Jan II van
96
Gnapheus, Guilielmus
136, 138
Gobertange
48, 158
Godfrey I, Count of Leuven
29
Godts, Daniël
35
Good Friday
200
Gorsleeuw
141
Gossart, Jan
25, 375n57
Gouda, church of Saint John
224
graduals
49, 187, 188, 366n79
graffiti
33
Gramaye, Jean-Baptiste
103, 158, 252, 304, 305
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de
246
graves
196, 197, 204, 209, 224, 300, 304
Gregory the Great, Pope
84, 143
Gregorian chant see plainchant
Groenendaal Abbey
65
Groetheers, Jan
33
Groningen
245
Gruyters, family
197
Guadalupe, cult of Our Lady
272
Guelders, Duchy of
124, 125, 137, 154, 179
Guicciardini, Giovanni Battista
248
Guido, saint, cult in Anderlecht
91, 362n79
Guillion, Gilles, priest
290–291
Gullegem
93
Gummarus, saint, cult in Lier
78, 98, 102, 124, 299
Haegen, Pieter van der, meier
276–277
Hageland
1, 14, 46, 98, 104, 126, 149, 246, 250–252, 289
hagenpreken (hedge-preachings)
185, 206, 244, 248
Haguenau
100
Hainaut, County of
251, 271
Hakendover
291, 292
Halle
117, 149, 150
cult of Our Lady
36, 78, 254, 270, 271, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283, 285, 290
Hamburg
191
Handzame
33
Hanswijk, cult of Our Lady
272
Hasselt
177, 251, 252
Haugen, Gillis van (Houwagen; Egidius Hugeni), priest
203–206, 239, 367n12
Havré
117
hedge-preachings see hagenpreken
Helena, Roman Empress
200
Helspiegels, Marie
200
Henry VIII, King of England
86
Herentals
100
Herkenrode, cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
115
Herodotus
205
Heroudt, Laurens
370n115
Heusden
124
Heylissem Abbey
311
Hoeve, Aegidius vanden
156–157, 262
Holland, County of
125, 166, 244, 263
Holy Blood, cult in Alkmaar
225, 361n61
Holy Cross
189, 200, 219
cult in Damme
163
cult in Dordrecht
155
cult in Everberg
284
Holy Name of Jesus
189, 219
Holy Roman Empire
224, 230
Holy Sacrament
.
Eucharist
cult in Amsterdam
167
cult in Bois-Seigneur-Isaac
116
cult in Breda
115
cult in Brussels
115, 160–164, 166, 183, 230, 236, 274, 275, 323, 324
cult in Herkenrode
115
cult in Leuven
116, 159, 161, 183
cult in Middelburg
116
cult in Niervaart
115
Holy Sepulcher
42, 43
Holy Sepulcher, Order of the
207
Holy Trinity
69, 189, 202, 219, 232, 233
Hont, Livina de, miraculé
286
Hoorn
249, 372n35
Hoorn, Cornelis van (alias Cornipolitanus)
205
hosts
9, 12, 116, 117, 151, 176–177, 236, 237.
communion; Eucharist
consecration
114, 115
elevation
25, 170
Hovius, Mathias
281, 297
Hugo, Victor
113
Huizingen, cult of Saint Leonard
97
Hus, John, Hussites
171, 205, 206
Huy
294, 351n37
hymns
182, 184, 189, 198, 311
iconoclasm, iconoclasts
133, 141, 143.
Beeldenstorm
iconoclastic scare
140, 141, 158, 245–246, 248
in Europe
121, 122, 245
in France
143, 245
in the Low Countries
1, 5, 122, 141, 142, 175, 186, 241–252, 267, 269, 283–284, 285, 291, 300
medieval
129
Iconoclastic Fury see Beeldenstorm
Idesbald, cult of
304
idols, idolatry
133, 134, 137, 172, 173, 175, 226, 234, 238, 299, 300, 301, 304
Ieper
186, 246
Immaculate Conception
84, 88, 166, 221
indulgences
55, 77, 79–89, 98, 102, 105, 127, 307, 325, 326
critique on
82, 118, 119, 129
forgeries
82–83
in Zoutleeuw
30, 34, 54–55, 180, 292, 293
Jubilee Indulgence
81–82
Inquisition
136, 163, 236, 243
Isabella of Portugal
162
Isabella of Spain
161, 249, 281, 302, 304, 310, 321, 324.
Archdukes Albert and Isabella
Italy
271, 275, 317
Jansenius, Cornelius
235, 236, 238
Jaucourt, Laurette de
21, 23
Jelviedoy, Jan, zangmeester
366n70
Jerome, saint
205
Jerusalem
90
Jesuits
11, 167, 282, 314
Jezus-Eik, cult of Our Lady
261, 277
Job, saint, cult in Wezemaal
36, 53, 78, 100–102, 105, 125, 146, 151, 158, 252, 290
Jodoigne see Geldenaken
Johannesschüsseln
301
John of Burgundy, Bishop of Cambrai
81
John the Baptist, saint, cult in Kachtem
301
John the Evangelist, saint
69
Jonckeren, Anthonis
56
Joyous Entries
311, 318–319
judicial pilgrimages
32, 36, 91, 99, 102
Kachtem, cult of Saint John the Baptist
301
Kampen
83
Karlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von
121, 183
Katen, Joannes de
35
Keldermans, Matheus II
371n159
Kerchoven, Jan van den
203
Kerckhove, van de, family (de Atrio, Kerckhoffs)
33–34, 367n12
Kerckhoven, Bartholomeus van den
209, 210, 219
kneeling, genuflection
42, 84, 137, 225, 226, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239
Koksijde, Abbey of the Dunes
241, 252, 304
Korbeek-Dijle
60
Kornelimünster, cult of Saint Cornelius
51
Kortrijk
100, 102, 125
church of Saint Martin
41
Kuringen
140, 141, 144, 154, 155, 165, 176, 189, 299
Laken, church of Our Lady
65
Lambrechts, Jacop
259, 260, 295, 311
Lammekens, Philip
235
Last Supper
135, 172, 226, 232, 233, 241
Lateran IV, Council (1215)
80, 114, 172
Lateran V, Council (1512–1517)
105
Lauds of the Holy Sacrament 180–182. Zoutleeuw, church of Saint Leonard, lauds of the Holy Sacrament
lauds, laudatory music
180, 189, 209, 217, 219, 326, 327
Layens, Mathijs de
34, 117, 119, 228, 230, 232, 233
Leclercq, Robert II, abbot
230, 241
Lede
262, 264
Legenda Aurea
21, 26
Leiden
167
Lemmens, Godfried, abbot
297, 311
Lenaerts, Henrick
370n115
Leo X, Pope
118
Leonard, saint
cult in Aartselaar
96, 105, 290, 300, 306
cult in Donk
290
cult in Dudzele
52, 95, 146, 151
cult in Huizingen
97
cult in Liège
94, 290–291, 292, 306
cult in Peutie
379n48
cult in Râches
306, 358n92
cult in Sint-Lenaarts
95, 96, 105, 290, 309
cult in Wouw
96, 105
hagiography
19
Leuven
33, 34, 36, 121, 129, 141, 149, 177, 207, 246, 248, 249, 250, 252
abbey of Saint Gertrude
233
as artistic center
21, 52, 78, 85, 103, 113, 208
church of Saint Peter
34, 117, 262
confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament
117
counts of
28, 29
cult of Our Lady
262
cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
116, 159, 161, 183
Protestantism in
139, 173, 246, 250
University
118, 203, 205, 225, 226, 234, 285
libraries
204–206, 239
Lidwina, saint, cult in Schiedam
304
Liefkenrode, Jan van
198
Liefkenrode, Peter van
198
Liefkenrode, van, family
197
Liège
128, 149, 183, 292, 102
collegiate chapter of Saint Denis
29
cult of Saint Leonard
94, 290–291, 292, 306
Prince-Bishopric, bishops of
28, 34, 91, 115, 126, 158, 166, 176, 252
Lier
56, 99, 161, 180
cult of Saint Gummarus
78, 98, 102, 124, 299
Lier, Jan van
33
Lille
246, 281, 313–314, 315, 317, 372n45
cult of Saint Victor
313–314
Limoges
19
Lindanus, Guilielmus Damasus
205
Lippomano, Luigi
205, 206
Lipsius, Justus
78, 270–271, 272, 276, 277, 283, 285
liturgical vestments
209, 217.
chasubles; copes
Loër, Dirk (Theodoricus Loërius)
160, 161, 235
Loon, Theodoor van
295
Loreto, cult of Our Lady
272
luminaris see candelabra
Lüneburg
191
Luther, Martin
76, 82, 121, 123, 127, 129, 142, 161, 205, 206, 322
on images and iconoclasm
121, 133, 143
on indulgences
118–119, 129
on music
184
on pilgrimages and miracles
133–135, 160
on relics
300
on the Eucharist
173, 226
Lutheranism, Lutherans
121, 136, 141, 164, 165, 166, 173, 252, 271
Luxembourg, Duchy of
251
Lyon
100
Maastricht
32, 36, 164, 166, 167, 177
Machelen, church of Saint Gertrude
362n87
Madrid, convent of Las Descalzas Reales
321
Mainz
76
Malmedy, cult of Saint Quirinus
76, 164–166
Man of Sorrows
84
Mander, Karel van
242–243
Manderscheid, Guillaume de, abbot
164
Marck, Érard de la
166, 202
Margaret of Austria
161
Margaret of Parma
174, 243, 246
Maria in sole
84, 85, 86
Marianum
1, 84–85, 326
Mariazell
102
Marnix, Philips of, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde
91, 100, 226, 269, 276, 283
Marot, Clément
185–186
Martens, Dirk
118
Martin, saint
152, 208
Martyrs of Gorkum
315
Mary Tudor
323
Mass of Saint Gregory
84, 86, 87, 88, 114
Mass
25, 37, 44, 84, 88, 114, 116, 169, 170, 176
Protestant critique
172, 183–184
Matte, Sebastiaan
244, 250
Maximilian of Austria
46, 79
Mechelen
19, 51, 81–82, 163, 177, 180, 190, 251, 292
cult of Saint Rumbold
37, 38, 264, 265, 299, 307
Meit, Conrat
235
memoria
35, 104, 195–196, 197, 204, 209
memorial Masses
124, 198, 202.
anniversary Masses; foundations
Merchtem
285
Mérode, family
105
Mertens, Jan
6, 43, 69, 71
Michael, saint
111, 233, 234, 235
Michelangelo
113
Micronius, Maarten
226
Middelburg, cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
116
Milan
36, 315, 316
miracle collections (books, registers)
12, 13, 77–79, 91, 93, 98, 105, 155, 156, 160, 161, 264, 269, 270, 272–273, 281–282
miracle memorial paintings
262–264, 284
miracles
32, 37, 42, 77–78, 89, 107, 129
by Saint Leonard
19, 26
Catholic defense
142–144, 160, 167, 271–272, 277, 282–284
in the Low Countries
78–79, 155, 158, 269–270, 280–281, 289–290, 293–294
in Zoutleeuw
30, 37, 68, 103, 154, 155, 259–260, 286, 291–292
Protestant critique
134–137, 143–145, 154, 155, 269–270, 323
verification of
284–285, 293–294
miraculous charisma
72, 107, 145, 326
Mirakelbilder
262
Moded, Herman
251, 252
Moelen, Bartholomeeus vander
52
Molanus, Johannes
129, 275, 276, 295
Mondovì, cult of Our Lady
272
Mone, Jean
117, 118, 120
Mons
262
monstrances
5, 259
Eucharistic monstrances
162, 172, 173, 174, 180, 182, 207, 208, 215, 219, 226, 239, 321, 327
reliquary monstrances see reliquaries
Montserrat, cult of Our Lady
272
More, Thomas
142
Morillon, Maximilien
246, 248, 249, 251, 285
Munich
309
Münster Rebellion
141
Münster
165, 167, 176
Munters, Christiaan
140–141, 155, 158, 165–167, 169, 176, 189
Namur, County of
251
Neeroeteren
36
Nicaea, Council of
143
Nicholas, saint
69
Niehoff, Nicolaas
191
Niervaart, cult of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
115
Nieuwlande
52, 91, 94
Ninove, cult of Saint Cornelius
93
Nobility
102, 125, 196, 215–217, 227, 230, 239, 243.
Confederation of Nobles
Noé, Jan
149–150
Noot, Adriaan van der
95, 97
Norwich
136
Numan, Philips
281–282, 309
O salutaris hostia
198
Oecolampadius, Johannes
225
offertory boxes
39, 41–42, 44, 45, 103, 182, 252
Oplinter
33, 207, 215
organs, organ music, organ players
34, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190–191, 245, 250, 289
orientation of altars
64–65
Origen
205
Orley, Bernard van
121, 163, 164, 173
ornament
48–49, 56, 72, 117, 183, 184, 186, 189, 192–193, 195, 235–236, 254
ornamenta
140, 208, 250, 270
Otbert, Bishop of Liège
94
Oten, Mathijs
149, 208, 215
Oudenaarde
100, 171, 174–175, 183
Oudenburg
165, 166, 167
Oudergem, cloister of Hertoginnedal
140
Our Lady, Virgin Mary
189, 219, 222, 267, 271, 272, 281, 283, 309.
Immaculate Conception
cult in ’s-Hertogenbosch
36, 78, 93, 262, 273
cult in Aarschot
98–100, 102, 105, 289
cult in Alsemberg
276, 377n118
cult in Amersfoort
79, 137, 145
cult in Antwerp
127, 146, 360n16
cult in Bruges
264
cult in Brussels
275
cult in Chièvres
262, 275
cult in Dadizele
93, 273
cult in Ghent
264, 282, 375n61
cult in Guadalupe
272
cult in Halle
36, 78, 254, 270, 271, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283, 285, 290
cult in Jezus-Eik
261, 277
cult in Leuven
262
cult in Loreto
272
cult in Mechelen (Hanswijk)
272
cult in Mondovì
272
cult in Montserrat
272
cult in Regensburg
76, 102, 105, 134, 322
cult in Scherpenheuvel
281, 289, 291, 292, 295, 309, 310
cult in Tielt
273, 290
cult in Vilvoorde
284
cult in Zoutleeuw (Ossenweg)
155–158, 165, 167, 262, 270, 281, 294
images of
1, 111, 233, 250
Protestant mocking
140, 141, 165, 166, 283
Paleotti, Gabriele
315
palls
198, 200, 204
Pamele
174
Pange lingua
182
Pannemaeker, Pieter de
121, 163
Parc Abbey
311
parvis see church portals
Paul II, Pope
81
Paul III, Pope
315
Paul V, Pope
292
Peer
33
Pentecost
28, 37, 104, 112, 145, 146, 147, 177, 182, 239, 251, 292.
Whit Monday
Peraudi, Raymundus
82
Perre, Torreken van de
171
Petri, Cunerus
234, 282
Petri, Mathieu
63
Peutie, cult of Saint Leonard
379n48
Phalesius, Petrus
191
Philip II, King of Spain
191, 205, 243, 251, 304, 305, 308, 379n57
Philip III, King of Spain
302
Philip the Fair, Duke of Burgundy
82
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
21, 81, 82, 375n57
Philip William, Prince of Orange
314
Piccart, Jean
33
pilgrimage, pilgrims
8, 13, 30, 32, 33, 37–39, 42–43, 51, 53, 55, 72, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 89–90, 104–105, 299, 322, 323.
judicial pilgrimages
Catholic defense
142, 144, 160, 280, 282–283, 309, 323, 324
in the Low Countries
76–77, 89–104, 124, 125, 149–150, 281–282, 325
Protestant critique
133–138, 143, 144, 164, 323
to Zoutleeuw
32, 33–35, 37, 39, 71–72, 107, 145–153, 155–158, 239, 288, 292
pilgrimage pennants
138, 149–151, 153, 177, 287, 288, 291, 327
pilgrim badges
12, 51–52, 76, 91, 93–95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 105, 124, 149–151, 254
in Zoutleeuw
51–53, 147, 149–150, 153, 158, 177, 215, 287–288
plainchant, Gregorian chant, liturgical chants
49, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 192, 193, 311
Plato
205
plays
47, 98, 146, 311
Poederlee, Jan van
82
polyphony, polyphonic
183, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 326, 327
poor relief
196, 197, 198, 202, 209
Portugal
271
prayer nuts
10, 26, 28
preachings see sermons
Princenhage
173
procession banners
146, 172
processions
8, 83, 95, 96, 97, 98, 105, 146, 150, 151, 183, 244, 284, 285, 291, 292, 294, 299, 307–308, 310, 312, 314, 315, 316.
Corpus Christi, procession
Brussels, Procession of the Holy Sacrament of Miracle
160–164
in Zoutleeuw
183, 310–311.
Zoutleeuw, Whit Monday procession
Protestant critique
137, 138, 172
Prodigal son
138, 139
prototype
143
psalms
184–186
Puteanus, Erycius
295
Pylipert, Marie
111, 112, 130, 207, 208, 209, 213, 215, 223, 227, 231, 236, 326
Queen of Sheba
200
Quirinus, saint, cult in Malmedy
76, 164–166
Râches, cult of Saint Leonard
306, 358n92
Raet, Arnold de
21, 23, 56, 57, 58, 60
Raet, Lodewijk de
43
Raisse, Arnold de (Rayssius)
306, 307
Real Presence of Christ (True Presence)
84, 88, 111, 114, 162, 170, 180, 221, 227, 232, 234–235, 236, 277
Protestant critique
167, 172, 176, 234–235, 236
rederijkers see rhetoricians
Regensburg
104
cult of the Schöne Maria
76, 102, 105, 134, 322
Reims
19, 314
relics
35, 51, 76, 78, 80, 96, 97, 128, 166, 225, 285, 298–304, 306–309
elevatio of
98, 264
translatio of
310–318
Catholic defense
142, 143–144
Holy Sacrament of Miracle (Brussels)
161, 163, 164, 274
in Zoutleeuw
30, 297–299, 302–303, 304–305, 308
of Saint Leonard
97, 290, 297, 300, 306
Protestant critique
137, 142, 274, 300
reliquaries, reliquary busts, reliquary monstrances
26, 37, 160, 162, 164, 165, 297, 298, 299, 301, 302
Remigius, saint
19, 26
Renelde, saint
26
Repen (Overrepen and Neerrepen)
141
restorations, cleaning
12, 147, 196, 208, 209, 222, 268, 289, 290, 305
retables see altarpieces
rhetoricians, rederijkers, chambers of rhetoric
100, 137, 186.
Zoutleeuw, chamber of rhetoric
Rocamadour
36
Roesen, Claes
85, 147, 203
Roesen, Hendrik
85
Roesen, Peter
84, 85, 158, 159, 203
Roman Jubilees
81
Rome
36, 54, 81, 84, 90, 134, 246, 292, 315, 316
Ronse, church of Saint Hermes
140
rood lofts
1, 26, 42, 190, 250
Rooklooster, abbey
65
Roose, Franchois de
370n115
Rosary
85, 86
Rotem
251
Rotterdam
52, 58, 63
Rubens, Peter Paul
321, 322, 324
Rumbold, saint, cult in Mechelen
37, 38, 264, 265, 299, 307
sacrament houses
6, 7, 114, 117, 172, 180, 221, 224–225, 226–239, 241
Protestant critique
172, 226, 238, 241, 244
Abbey of the Dunes
230, 231, 241
Averbode
371n159
Berchem
370n115
Bocholt
118, 233
Borgloon
370n115
Brussels
370n115
Diest
227
Diksmuide
250
Ghent
227, 230, 232–234, 236, 237, 241
Gistel
227
Heverlee
227, 229
Koudekerke
370n115
Leuven
117, 119, 227, 228, 230, 232, 233, 236
Lier
230
Limbourg
233
Meerssen
233
Merchtem
285
Nuremberg
117
Tongerlo
232, 235–236, 238
Ulm
117
Varsenare
370n115
Walcourt
227, 233
Zoutleeuw
5, 15, 42, 110, 111–114, 117–118, 129, 180, 193, 195, 207, 208, 215, 219, 221, 228–239, 324, 326, 327
Zuurbemde
194, 227, 234, 237, 238
Saintes
26
Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat (Noblac)
19, 52, 97, 297
Sallaken, Jan I & II
69, 202
Sanders, Adriaan
97
Santiago de Compostella
36, 90
Sasbout, Adam
205
Savonarola
183
Scaeft, Gerard vander, abbot
371n159
Scandinavia
122
Sceverstene, Johannes de
30
Scherpenheuvel, cult of Our Lady
281, 289, 291, 292, 295, 309, 310
Schiedam, cult of Saint Lidwina
304
Scotland
122
screens (chapel -, choir -), fences (thuyn)
5, 203, 204, 215, 217, 250
Seneca
205
Serenus of Marseille
143
sermons, preachings, preachers
19, 26, 55, 78, 100, 105, 134
Catholic sermons
166, 167, 205, 206, 209, 217, 219, 239, 271, 272, 273, 284, 291–292
Protestant sermons
133, 143, 163, 173, 185–186, 206, 244, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252.
hagenpreken
Seven effusions of the Blood of Christ
209, 210, 213, 214, 215
Seven joys of Mary
209, 212, 213, 221
Seven sorrows of Mary
106, 208, 213, 219, 220, 221, 231, 327.
Brussels, confraternity of Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows
Seys, Andries
227, 230, 232, 233, 234, 241
singers
104, 187, 189, 190
Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, church of Saint John the Baptist
151
Sint-Lenaarts, cult of Saint Leonard
95, 96, 105, 290, 309
Sint-Truiden
36, 52, 149, 156, 165, 177, 187, 251, 297, 305, 366n70
Sint-Winoksbergen see Bergues
Sixtus IV, Pope
84
Solaro, Gentina
21, 22
Soleilmont
33
Solomon
235, 236
Sonnius, Franciscus
236
Soto, Andrés de
314
Spain
205, 271, 275, 306, 308
Spieken, Henric, dean
200, 201, 202
Spieken, Margriet
198, 199
Spieken, Willem
200, 201
Spijskens, Peeter, priest
273
Spinola, Ambrogio
314
stained-glass windows
95, 96, 158, 161–163, 195, 197, 205, 215, 224, 230, 363n126
Steenvoorde
244, 245, 250
Stephani, Denis
34
Stephen, saint
60, 61, 312
Strabo, Walafrid
205
Strasbourg
134, 137
Strauven, Willem, priest
292
Streel, Léonard
291, 292
Streyters, Arnold, abbot
235
Strijrode, Henrick van
198, 199
Strijrode, Hubrecht van
198
Strijroy, Godefridus
225, 226
Stroobant, François
112, 114
style
223, 233, 295, 326, 327
antique, all’antica
117, 118, 161, 203, 219, 222, 230–234
Gothic
48–49, 72, 76, 117–118, 219, 230, 233
tabernacles
1, 24, 47, 56, 59, 60, 64, 72, 97, 144–145, 234, 259, 311
Tantum ergo sacramentum
182
Ten Commandments
133, 134, 300
testaments, wills
44, 83, 91, 98, 100, 102, 202, 204, 206, 209, 227
The Hague
52, 136
theology of localization
135, 299
Thienen, Renier van
5, 58, 60, 61, 62
Tiel
179, 365n45
Tielemans, Petrus, dean
289
Tielt, cult of Our Lady
273, 290
Tienen
36, 113, 191, 207, 252
church of Our Lady ten Poel
34
Titus Livius
205
Toers, Anthonis
191
Tollentis, Lucas de
82
Tommen, Lodewijk van der
215
Tongeren
33, 165
Tongre-Notre-Dame
273
torches, torch-bearers
36, 146, 182, 225, 239, 288, 311
Tournai
184, 186, 244, 251, 363n119, 364n15
Bishop and Bishopric of
126, 129, 314, 318
church of Saint Brice
184
Toussaert, Jacques
9, 10, 11, 14, 42, 122, 123, 176
Trent, Council of, Tridentine reforms
11, 117, 142–144, 152, 167, 169, 180, 186, 205, 222, 223, 224, 234, 282, 284, 294, 297, 301
Trier
76, 322
triumph of the Eucharist
225, 226, 230, 235, 321
triumphal arches
314, 315
triumphs
315–317
Turnhout
36, 100, 102, 125, 180, 251
Tuscaens, Hans
174–175
Twelve Years’ Truce
14, 289, 304, 307, 321
Tyndale, William
142
Uceda
308
Ursula, saint
34, 204
Utrecht
33, 82, 125, 126, 129, 137, 145, 146, 185
Bishopric of
126
Buurkerk
124
cathedral
104, 121, 123, 129, 322
Vaernewijck, Marcus van
241
Västerås
39, 87
Velasco, Luis de
297, 302, 304–305, 309, 310
Velthem, Lodewijk van
82
Veluanus, Joannes Anastasius (Jan Gerritsz Versteghe)
137, 142, 167, 172, 184, 189, 226, 231, 301
Veluwe
125, 129
Versteghe, Jan Gerritsz see Veluanus, Joannes Anastasius
Vervoort, Frans
180
Veurne
249
Victor, saint, cult in Lille
313–314
vigils
198.
funerals
Villa, Claudio
21, 22
Vilvoorde
36, 100
cult of Our Lady ten Troost
284
Vleeschauwers, Philips
147
Vlierbeek Abbey
29, 297, 311, 358n92
Voes, Hendrik
120
Vollenhove
82
Voragine, Jacobus de
21, 234
Vorst, cult of Saint Alena
33, 42, 44, 273
Vorst, Sulpitius van
34
votive offerings see ex-votos
votive paintings
78, 259–262, 271, 273, 274–277, 280, 292, 295, 326
Vrancx, Cornelius Columbanus
271–273, 275, 276, 280, 281, 282
Waghevens, Medardus
51
Wale, Jean de
173
Walem
173
Walschatten, Antonius
261, 277
Warmenhuizen
242, 244
wax
12, 37, 39, 146–147, 259, 272, 275, 281, 326.
candles
Weers, Matheus
157–158
Weinsberg, Hermann
195, 209
Werchter
160
Wesel, Adriaen van
23
Westkwartier
140, 241, 244
Weyden, Goswijn van der
312
Wezemaal
church of Saint Martin
151, 191
cult of Saint Job
36, 53, 78, 98, 100–102, 105, 125, 146, 158, 252, 290, 362n79
Whit Monday
289, 292.
Pentecost; Zoutleeuw, Whit Monday procession
Wichmans, Augustinus
99, 156, 158, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 290, 294
Wijngaerde, Thomas de
311
William of Orange
255
Wilre, Cornelia van
215
Wilre, Merten van
111, 112, 129, 130, 189, 207–222, 223, 224, 227, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 239, 254, 326
Wilsnack
134, 322
Wittenberg
121, 133
Wittenberger Unruhen
121, 133
Wonderyear
185, 204, 206, 224, 242, 243, 250, 254, 255, 286
Wouw, cult of Saint Leonard
96, 105
Xanten
63, 313, 357n55
Ydens, Etienne
274, 276
Zeeland, County of
91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 141
Zepperen
87, 88
cult of Saint Genevieve
39, 361n55
Zichem, cult of Saint Eustachius
311
Zierikzee
141
Zoutleeuw
capella clericorum
329
chamber of Rhetoric (Lelikens uten Dale)
146, 311, 349n41
chapel of Our Lady of the Ossenweg
155–158, 165, 167, 262, 270, 281, 294
chapel of Saint John
311
church of Saint Sulpice
28, 350n34
citadel
306
convent of Bethania
306
convent of the Beghards
306
garrison
255, 305, 308, 309, 310
guilds and confraternities
13
guild of Saint George (crossbowmen)
349n41
guild of Saint Leonard (arquebusiers)
42, 43, 68, 349n41
guild of Saint Sebastian (handbowmen)
349n41
priory of Val des Écoliers
154, 350n34, 364n28
town council (aldermen, burgomasters)
12, 13, 34, 104, 146, 157, 187, 197, 198, 200, 203, 251, 292, 293, 294, 297, 305, 311, 325
Whit Monday procession
32, 34, 36, 42, 45, 146, 151, 153, 154, 204, 239, 254, 269, 292, 299, 302, 310, 307
Zoutleeuw, church of Saint Leonard
altar and chapel of Saint Peter
202–203
altar of Our Lady
197
altar of Saint Erasmus
209, 219, 239, 371n163, 371n165
altar of the Holy Cross
42, 200
altar of the Seven sorrows of Mary and Saint Martin
208, 209, 219
collegiate chapter
5, 13, 29, 33, 51, 55, 154, 190, 198, 200, 203–204, 289, 297
churchwardens’ room
46–49, 51, 53
fabrica ecclesiae (churchwardens)
12, 19–21, 23–24, 37, 42, 45–48, 51–52, 53, 55, 58, 69, 71, 73, 103–104, 107, 145–147, 189, 197, 203–205, 209, 215, 239, 251, 255, 286, 289–292, 310, 325–326
foundation of the Holy Name of Jesus
349n41
lauds of the Holy Sacrament
42, 157, 180–182, 189, 349n41
Zürich
122
Zuylen van Nijevelt, Willem van
185
Zwingli, Huldrych
122, 133, 184, 226