Figures
2.1 Title page of Piae Cantiones, 1582 edition. National Library of Finland, Public Domain 39
2.2 Title page of Piae Cantiones, Finnish translation 1616. National Library of Finland, Public Domain 47
3.1 Printed staves in MS S 110. Printed with the permission of the National Library of Sweden 63
3.2 Front cover of MS S 110. Printed with the permission of the National Library of Sweden 65
3.3 Inside the front cover of MS S 110. Printed with the permission of the National Library of Sweden 68
3.4 MS S 110, fols. 56v–57r. Printed with the permission of the National Library of Sweden 74
4.1 Title page of Yxi Vähä Suomenkielinen wirsikiria (Rostock: Stephan Möllemann, 1607). Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek SLUB, Lit. var. 167, misc.1.; Public Domain Mark 1.0 103
4.2 Title page of Catechimus [sic] (Rostock: Stephan Möllemann, 1607). Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek SLUB, Lit. var. 167, misc.2.; Public Domain Mark 1.0 109
5.1 The seal of David Hilchen in a letter to Johan Jacob Grynäus. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, G II 6:Bl. 397. Printed with the permission of the Universitätsbibliothek Basel 120
5.2 Additional list of lost letters by and to Hilchen in his court acts. Riga LVVA 673–344b fol. 36. Photo: Thomas Hoffmann. Printed with the permission of the Latvijas valsts vēstures arhīvs (Latvian State Historical Archives, LVVA) 125
5.3 Title page of one of the extant copies of
7.1 Title page of Lapponia by Johannes Schefferus (1673). Uppsala University Library, Public Domain, https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/view.jsf?pid=alvin-record:255121 171
7.2 Church of Enontekiö in Markkina, drawn by A. F. Skjöldebrand in 1801. National Museum of Norway, the Fine Art Collections, CC-BY 4.0. https://www.nasjonal museet.no/en/collection/object/NG.K_H.1974.0098-061 181
8.1 Peasants’ of Reigi (Röicks) parish supplication with house marks, 1669. Detail. Printed with the permission of the National Archives of Estonia (RA), Tartu 197
8.2 Käsu Hans to Professor Gabriel Skragge, 22 December 1702. Printed with the permission of the Latvian State Historical Archives (LVVA), Riga 207
8.3 Käsu Hans to Pastor Könik Könikson, 14 February 1706. Printed with the permission of the Estonian Literary Museum (EKM), Tartu 208
8.4 Käsu Hans’s lament (1708). Transcript by Johann Heinrich Grotjan, 1714. Detail. Printed with the permission of the National Archives of Estonia (RA), Tartu 210
8.5 Käsu Hans to Pastor Könik Könikson, 14 February 1706. Address. Printed with the permission the Estonian Literary Museum (EKM), Tartu 213
8.6 Käsu Hans’s seal. Printed with the permission of the Latvian State Historical Archives (LVVA), Riga 214
9.1 The Holy Trinity in a sixteenth-century Book of Hours, Hore in laude[m] gloriosissime virginis Marie secundum vsum Romanum totaliter ad longu[m] sine require (Paris, 1532). University Library of Lund, Public Domain, urn:nbn:se:alvin:portal:record-250577 233
9.2 Epitaph of Arvid Stålarm and Elin Fleming, commissioned to the Tenhola Church to honour the deceased Elin Fleming in 1603. It is the first known epitaph in Finland and manifests the devotion of the couple. Drawing: Agathon Reinholm, 1885. Finnish Heritage Agency, Historian kuvakokoelma HK10004:161, CC BY 4.0. https://finna.fi/Record/museovirasto.5F3BF0D683E0367EDC0344 C69E853057 246
10.1 An extract from the lower court protocol from the investigation of the case of suspected blasphemy in Telataipale. National Archives of Finland, Renovoidut tuomiokirjat, KO a:1, Sulkava, 6–7 May 1668, pp. 116–7. Printed with the permission of the National Archives of Finland 260
10.2 A drawing of the church of Sulkava (upper building on the left) and parsonage marked with the letter D in the land taxation map from the 1640s. Both buildings were located by the Sulkava strait. It is likely that rather than resembling the actual buildings, they were drawn according to a conventional model. National Archives of Finland, Maanmittaushallitus; Maanmittaushallituksen uudistusarkisto; Maakirjakartat, MHA C 1 205–206 Lille Saffwolax Heradh Sulkava Sochn. Röös, Lars Sigvardsson, 1644–1646. Printed with the permission of the National Archives of Finland 266
11.1 and 11.2 Title page and dedication page of the Ilo-Laulu Jesuxesta by Matthias Salamnius in 1690. National Library of Finland, Public Domain, https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/33317 280
12.1 Two pages from the manuscript of Georg Müller with first verses from the translation of Luther’s hymn ‘Ein Kindelein so löbelich’. Printed with the permission of the Tallinn City Archives (f. 230, n. 1, s. Bl 14) 306
12.2 Title page of the first hymnal with prose translations by Heinrich Stahl. Printed with the permission of the Estonian Literary Museum 307
12.3 Title page of the first versified Estonian hymnal of 1656. Printed with the permission of the Estonian Literary Museum 309
Maps
1.1 The Baltic Sea region. Map: Liisi Kasuk 5
1.2 Swedish seventeenth-century provinces and annexations. The borders of Lapland in Northern Scandinavia were not yet strictly defined. Map: Liisi Kasuk 10
7.1 Seventeenth-century Swedish Lappmarks with modern state borders for comparison. Map: Taarna Valtonen and Mikael Manninen 167
7.2 Northern Scandinavia. Olaus Sirma’s congregation (approximately) marked with darker colour; most of the rivers and lakes not marked. Map: Liisi Kasuk 178
Appendices
Appendix 3.1 List of contents for MS S 110 76
Appendix 6.1 Catechisms and publications with catechetical texts mentioned in this chapter 161
Appendix 9.1 Search terms for religious expressions 250