Bibliography
Documents published from the materials in the Russian Center for the Conservation and Study of Modern History Documents, the former party archives in Moscow.
Russian:
VKP(B), Komintern I natsional’no-revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v Kitaie, Dokumenty (RCP(B), the Comintern and the national-revolutionary movement in China, Documents), ed. Kuo Heng-yü and M.L. Titarenko, vol. 1: 1920–1925, Moscow, 1994.
VKP(B), Komintern I natsional’no-revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v Kitaie, Dokumenty (RCP(B), the Comintern and the national-revolutionary movement in China, Documents), ed. M.L. Titarenko and Mechthild Leutner, vol. 2: 1926–1927, Moscow, 1996.
German:
KPdSU(B), Komintern und die national-revolutionäre Bewegung in China, Dokumente (RCP(B), the Comintern and the national-revolutionary movement in China, Documents), ed. Mechthild Leutner and M.L. Titarenko, vol. 2, 1926–1927, Münster, 1998.
RKP(B), Komintern und die national-revolutionäre Bewegung in China, Dokumente (RCP(B), the Comintern and the national-revolutionary movement in China, Documents), vol. 1: 1920–1925, Paderborn, 1996.
Chinese:
Liangong (bu), Gongchan guoji yu Zhongguo guomin geming yundong, 1920–1925 (SCP(B) The Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the Comintern, and the Chinese national-revolutionary movement, 1920–1925) (1997), 2 vols., Beijing.
Liangong (bu), Gongchan guoji yu Zhongguo guomin geming yundong, 1926–1927 (SCP(B) The Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the Comintern, and the Chinese national-revolutionary movement, 1926–1927) (1998), 2 vols., Beijing.
Liangong, Gongchan guoji yu Zhongguo, 1920–1925 (The Russian Communist Party, the Comintern, and China, 1920–1925) (1997), Taipei.
…
Bai Jianwu (1992), Bai Jianwu riji (Bai Jianwu’s diary), ed. Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan Jindai shi yanjiusuo (Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe).
Bao Huiseng, (1953 [1980]), “Gongchandang diyici quanguo daibiao huiyi qianhou de huiyi” (Reminiscences about the time of the First National Congress of the Communist Party), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 303–321.
Bao Huiseng (1954 [1980]), “Huiyi yuyangli liuhao he Zhongguo laodong zuhe shujibu” (Reminiscences of no. 6 Yuyang Road and the Chinese Labor Secretariat), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 352–355.
Bao Huiseng [alias Jiwu laoren] (1957), “Zhongguo gongchandang chengli qianhou de jianwen” (Information about the time of the establishment of the CCP), Xin guancha (New Observer), July 1.
Bao Huiseng (1961 [1980]), “Bao Huiseng de yifengxin” (A letter from Bao Huiseng), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 432–442.
Bao Huiseng (1978a [1980]), “Huiyi dang de chuangli shiqi” (Reminiscences about the time of the establishment of the party), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 379–381.
Bao Huiseng (1978b [1980]), “Zhongguo gongchandang diyici daibiao dahui de jige wenti” (Several issues concerning the CCP’s First Congress), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 372–378.
Bao Huiseng (1979 [1980]), “Huiyi Malin” (Reminiscences of Maring), in Malin zai Zhongguo de youguan ziliao (Materials on Maring in China) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), pp. 95–106.
Bao Huiseng (1980), “Wo suo zhidao de Chen Duxiu” (The Chen Duxiu whom I knew), 3 parts, Dangshi yanjiu ziliao, ed. Zhongguo geming bowuguan dangshi yanjiushi (Research office on party history of the Museum of the Chinese Revolution) (Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe), vol. 1, pp. 107–123.
Beckmann, G.M. and Ō. Genji (1969), The Japanese Communist Party 1922–1945 (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Bericht des genossen H. Maring für die Executive, van Ravesteyn Papers, no. 79, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam.
Bernal, M.B. (1969), “The Triumph of Anarchism over Marxism, 1906–1907,” in M.C. Wright, China in Revolution. The First Phase, 1900–1913 (New Haven: Yale University Press).
Bernstein, T.P. and H.-Y. Li (eds.) (2010), China Learns from the Soviet Union 1949–Present (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books).
Bing, D. (1971), “Sneevliet and the Early Years of the CCP,” The China Quarterly, no. 48 (October), pp. 677–697.
Bing, D. (1973a), “Chinese Evidence on the ‘Sneevlietian Strategy’ Reply/Comment,” The China Quarterly, no. 56 (September), pp. 749–761.
Bing, D. (1973b), “Ma-Lin’s Activities in China from the Beginning of June til December 10, 1921,” Issues and Studies (Taipei), vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 22–33.
Brandt, C. (1966), Stalin’s Failure in China, 1924–1927 (New York: W.W. Norton).
Cadart, C. and Y. Cheng (1983), L’envol du communism en Chine: Memoires de Peng Shuzhi (Paris: Gallimard).
Cai Hesen (September 1922), “Tongyi, jiezhai yu Guomindang” (Unity, debt, and the GMD), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 1, pp. 4–6.
Cai Hesen (October 4, 1922), “Sun Wu ke zai yizhong shenmo jichushang lianhe ne?” (On what basis can Sun and Wu collaborate?), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 4, pp. 28–29.
Cai Hesen (October 25, 1922), “Wu Peifu zhen hui jianze pianyi huo” (Wu Peifu truly can choose cheap goods), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 7, pp. 53–55.
Cai Hesen (December 6, 1922), “Jinri zhengchao de neimu” (The inside story of the recent political crisis), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 12, pp. 93–94.
Cai Hesen (1926 [1980]), “Zhongguo gongchandang (tigang): Zhongguo gongchandang de fazhan jiqi lishi shiming (yijiuerliu nian) (History of the development of the CCP [Outline]): The background to the birth of our party and its historical mission), in Cai Hesen de shierpian wenzhang (Twelve essays by Cai Hesen) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), pp. 1–67.
Cai Hesen (1928 [1985]), “Zai dang diliuci dahuishang taolun zhengzhi baogao shi de fayan” (Comments while discussing the political report at the Sixth Party Congress), in Zhonggong “sanda” ziliao (Materials on the Third CCP Congress) (Guangdong: Guangdong renmin chubanshe), pp. 151–152.
Cao Zhongbin (2000), “Dang de yida 8 yue 5 ri jiaxing bimu kaobian” (Discerning the closing of the First Party Congress on August 5), Zhonggong dangshi yanjiu (Research on Chinese Communist Party history), no. 4, pp. 85–88.
Carr, E.H. (1950 [1978]), A History of Soviet Russia (Basingstoke: Macmillan), vol. 1. and vol. 3 (1953 [1978]).
Carrère d’Encausse, H. and S. R. Schram (1969), Marxism and Asia, with Readings (London: Allen Lane).
Chan, A. (1973), “Chinese Evidence on the ‘Sneevlietian Strategy,’” The China Quarterly, no. 56 (October), pp. 749–751.
Chang Kuo-t’ao (1971), The Rise of the Chinese Communist Party: The Autobiography of Chang Kuo-t’ao (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas), vol. 1.
Chapman, H. O. (1928), The Chinese Revolution (London: Constable and Co.).
Chen Duxiu (December 1919), “Shixing minzhu de jichu” (The basis for implementing democracy), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 7, no. 1.
Chen Duxiu (May 1920), “Laodongzhe de juewu” (The consciousness of the worker), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 7, no. 6.
Chen Duxiu (September 1920), “Tanzhengzhi” (Talking about politics), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 8, no. 1.
Chen Duxiu (December 1920), “Guanyu shehuizhuyi de taolun” (A discussion on socialism), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 21–23.
Chen Duxiu (April 6, 1922 [1985]), “Chen Duxiu zhi Wu Tingkang de xin” (Letter from Chen Duxiu to Wu Tingkang [G. Voitinsky]), in “Erda” he “sanda”: Zhongguo gongchandang di 2, 3 ci daibiao dahui ziliao xuanbian (The Second and Third Party Congresses: Selected materials) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe), p. 36.
Chen Duxiu (May 23, 1922), “Gongchandang zai muqian laodong yundongzhong ying qude taidu” (What attitude should the CCP adopt on the labor movement in the current situation), Guangdong qunbao (Guangdong masses).
Chen Duxiu (June 30, 1922 [1985]), “Chen Duxiu zhi Wu Tingkang de xin”(Letter from Chen Duxiu to Wu Tingkang [Voitinsky]), in “Erda” he “sanda”: Zhongguo gongchandang di 2, 3 ci daibiao dahui ziliao xuanbian (The Second and Third Party Congresses: Selected materials) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe), p. 55. I am grateful to the Central Party Archives for providing me with a copy of the original letter.
Chen Duxiu (June 30, 1922 [1997]), “Zhonggong zhongyang zhiweihui shuji Chen Duxiu geigongchan guoji de baogao” (Report to the Communist International from the CPC Central Executive Committee secretary Chen Duxiu), in Zhonggong zhongyang dangshi yanjiushi diyi yanjiu bu (First research section of the Research Office on Party History (ed.), Gongchan guoji, liangong (bu) yu Zhongguo geming wenxian ziliao xuanji (Selected documents on the Communist International, the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), and the Chinese revolution) (Beijing: Beijing tushuguan chubanshe), vol. 2, p. 27.
Chen Duxiu (September 20, 1922a), “Guomindang shi shenmo” (What is the GMD), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 2, p. 16.
Chen Duxiu (September 20, 1922b), “Zao guo lun” (On building the nation), Xiangdao zhoubao (Guide weekly), no. 2, pp. 9–10.
Chen Duxiu (November 1922 [1985]), “Zhongguo gongchandang duiyu muqian shiji wenti zhi jihua” (The Immediate tactics of the Communist Party of China), in “Erda” he “sanda”: Zhongguo gongchandang di 2, 3 ci daibiao dahui ziliao xuanbian (The Second and Third Party Congresses: Selected materials) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe), pp. 140–145. The document is incorrectly dated January 1923 and is not attributed to Chen Duxiu. The version in the Sneevliet Archive is typed and is in English.
Chen Duxiu (June 1923 [1985]), “Chen Duxiu tongzhi daibiao Zhonggong zhongyang xiang disanci daibiao huiyi de baogao” (Comrade Chen Duxiu’s report on behalf of the CCP CEC to the Third Party Congress), in Zhonggong “sanda” ziliao (Materials on the Third Party Congress), ed. Guangdong geming lishi bowuguan (Guangdong Museum on Revolutionary History) (Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe), pp. 56–62.
Chen Duxiu (December 1924), “Ershiqinian yilai guomin yundong zhong suode jiaoxun” (The lessons from the twenty-seven years of the Nationalist Movement), Xin qingnian (New youth), no. 4, p. 22.
Chen Duxiu (July 1926 [1983]), “Zhongyang zhengzhi baogao” (Political report of the CC), in Zhongyang dang’anguan (Central Party Archives) (ed.), Zhonggong zhongyang wenjian xuanji (Neibu ben) (Selected documents of the CCP CC [Internal volumes]) (Beijing: Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 111–119. It was originally published in September 1926 in a mimeographed pamphlet issued by the CCP CEC, entitled Zhongguo gongchandang disanci zhongyang kuoda weiyuanhui yijuean (Resolution of the Third Enlarged Meeting of the CCP CEC). C.M. Wilbur and J.Y.Y. How (eds.) (1972), Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918–1927; Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid (New York: Octagon Books), pp. 722–2 contains a translation from the collection of documents seized during the 1927 raid of the Soviet Embassy in Beijing. However, Section 3 differs substantially.
Chen Duxiu (April 1927), “Chen Duxiu zai gongchandang diwuci quanguo daibiao dahuishang de baogao” (Chen Duxiu’s report to the CCP’s Fifth National Congress), in Zhonggong dangshi ziliao (Materials on CCP History), no. 3, pp. 26–59. The Chinese text is translated from a 1920s Russian translation. The Russian translation was among the documents found in the Chinese Mission to the Comintern.
Chen Duxiu (1929 [1970]), “A Letter to All Comrades,” translated in Chinese Studies in History, vol. 3, no. 3 (Spring 1970), pp. 224–230.
Chen Gongbo [Ch’en Kung-po] (1943), “Wo yu gongchandang” (The CCP and I), in Hanfengqi (Cold Winds Collection) (n.p., 1944), pp. 191–267.
Chen Shaokang (1982 [1983]), “Dang de ‘yida’ hou Chen Duxiu hui-Hu Shijian kao” (Study of the time that Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai after the First Party Congress), Dangshi yanjiu ziliao, ed. Zhongguo geming bowuguan dangshi yanjiushi (Research office on party history of the Museum of the Chinese Revolution) (Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe), vol. 3, pp. 324–325.
Chen Tanqiu (1936), “Reminiscences of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China,” Communist International (British Edition), vol. XIII, pp. 593–596. Chinese version in: Chen Tanqiu (1936 [1982]), “Zhonggong diyici dahui huiyi” (Reminiscences of the CCP’s First Congress), in Zhongguo gongchandang diyici quanguo daibiao dahui dang’an ziliao (Archives of the First National Party Congress [revised edition]) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), pp. 114–15.
Ch’en Kung-po [Chen Gongbo] (1924[1960]), The Communist Movement of China: An Essay Written in 1924 by Ch’en Kung-po (New York: Octagon Books).
Cheng H.-C. (1972), “On G. Maring’s Activities in China,” Issues and Studies, vol. IX, no. 2 (November), pp. 48–55.
Chesneaux, J. (1968), The Chinese Labor Movement, 1919–1927 (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Ch’i, H.S. (1976), Warlord Politics in China, 1916–1928 (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Communist International (1921 [1982]), Protokoll des III Kongresses der Kommunistischen international: Moskau, 22 Juni bis 12. Juli 1921 (Proceedings of the Third Communist International. June 22–July 12, 1921, Moscow, Russia) (Frankfurt: VTK Verlag).
Communist International (1923), Protokoll des Vierten Kongesses der Kommunistischen Internationale (Proceeding of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International) (Hamburg).
Dalin, S.A. (1975 [1981]), Zhongguo huiyilu 1921–1927 (Reminiscences of China 1921–1927) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe). This is a translation of the Russian version published in 1975 by Science Press.
Degras, J. (ed.) (1971), The Communist International, 1919–1943: Documents (London: F. Cass), vol. 2.
Deng Jiayan (1955), “Mading ye zongli shiji” (Facts about Maring and the president), in Geming wenxian (Documents on the revolution) (Taipei: Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Party History, CEC of the Zhongguo GMD), vol. 9, pp. 1409–1411.
Deng Zhongxia (1930 [1948]), Zhongguo zhigong yundong jianshi (A brief history of the Chinese labor movement) (Haerbin: Dongbei shudian). Originally published in Moscow in 1930.
Ding Zeqin and Wang Shudi (1981), “Zhang Tailei nianpu (1898–1927) (A chronicle of the life of Zhang Tailei [1898–1927]), Beijing daxue xuebao, no. 2 pp. 86–94.
Dirlik, A. (1989), The Origins of Chinese Communism (New York: Oxford University Press).
Dirlik, A. (1993), Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Dong Biwu (1971 [1980]), “Dong Biwu tan Zhongguo gongchandang diyici quanguo daibiao dahui he Hubei gongchanzhuyi xiaozu” (Dong Biwu on the First National Party Congress and the small group on Hubei communism), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, 365–371.
Elleman, B. A. (1993), “Secret Sino-Soviet negotiations on Outer Mongolia, 1918–1925,” Pacific Affairs, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 539–563.
Elleman, B. A. (1994), “The Soviet Union’s Secret Diplomacy Concerning the Chinese Eastern Railway, 1924–1925,” Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. pp. 459–486.
Elleman, B. A. (1995), “Soviet Diplomacy and the First United Front in China,” Modern China, vol. 21, no. 4 (October), pp. 450–480.
Elleman, B. A. (1997), Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations. 1917–1927 (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe).
“Erda” he “sanda”: Zhongguo gongchandang dier sanci daibiao dahui ziliao xuanbian (The Second and Third Congresses: Selected materials) (1985) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe).
Eudin, X.J. and R.C. North. (1957), Soviet Russia and the East, 1920–1927: A Documentary Survey (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Evans, L. and R. Block (eds.) (1976), Leon Trotsky on China (New York: Monad).
Fang Ning (2011), “Lun Weijingsiji dui Zhonggong jiandang silu de yinxiang” (On Voitinsky’s influence on thought regarding the founding the CCP), Dangde wenxian (Party Documents), no. 3, pp. 29–34.
Feigon, L. (1983), Chen Duxiu, Founder of the Chinese Communist Party (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Felber, R. (2002), “A ‘Bloc Within’ or a ‘Bloc Without’? Controversies on the CCP’s Attitude Towards the Guomindang Before and After 20 March 1926,” in M. Leutner and R. Felber, and A. Grigoriev (eds.), The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s. Between Triumph and Disaster (London: Routledge).
“The First Congress of the Communist Party of China (1921 [1972]), second half of 1921, in Kovalev, “New Materials on the First Congress,” Narody Azii I Afriki, no. 6, pp. 151–158. Translated into English by Arlo Schultz, in Chinese Studies in History, vol. 7, no. 3 (Spring 1974). The original Russian and an English translation is in T. Saich (1991), The Origins of the First United Front in China. The Role of Sneevliet (Alias Maring) (Leiden: Brill).
First Congress of the Toilers of the East (1922) (Petrograd).
Galbiati, F. (1985), P’eng P’ai and the Hai-Lu-Feng Soviet (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Gao Yihan (May 24, 1927), “Zhongda relie zhuidao nanbei lieshi” (Warmly mourn the Chinese martyrs), Hankou minguo ribao.
Glunin, V.I. (1979), Neueste Geschichte Chinas von 1917 zur Gegenwart (Berlin: Deutscher Verlag d. Wissenschaft), p. 303.
“Gongchan guoji daibiao Luominneisi de baogao” (Report by the Comintern Representative Lominadze), (August 7, 1927 [1986], in Zhonggong zhongyang dangshi ziliao zhengji weiyuanhui and Zhongyang dang’anguan (eds.), Baqi huiyi (The August 7 meeting) (Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi ziliao chubanshe), pp. 49–55.
“Gongchandang zai Guomindang nei de gongzuo wenti yijuean” (Resolution on the problem of Communist Party work in the GMD) (May 20, 1924), Dangbao, no. 3, pp. 1–3.
Guangdong Museum of Revolutionary History (ed.) (1982), Huangpu junxiao shiliao 1924–1927 (Materials on the Whampoa Military Academy 1924–1927) (Guangdong: Guangdong renmin chubanshe).
He Shisan and He Shisi (1981), “Cong ‘qiong xiucai’ dao ‘yida’ daibiao” (From a ‘poor xiucai’ to a ‘First Party Congress’ representative), Xinxiang pinglun, no. 7, pp. 22–25.
He Shouyi (1981), “Dangde chengli he diyici guonei geming zhanzheng shiqi zhuyao geming baokan jianjie” (A brief introduction to the important revolutionary journals during the time of the founding of the party and the First National-Revolutionary War), Chongqing shiyan xueyuan xuebao, no. 1, pp. 78–79.
Holubnychy, L. (1979), Michael Borodin and the Chinese Revolution, 1923–1927 (New York: East Asia Institute, Columbia University).
Isaacs, H. (1938), The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution (London: Secker & Warburg).
Isaacs, H. (1971), “Documents on the Comintern and the Chinese Revolution,” The China Quarterly, no. 45 (January), pp. 100–115.
Ishikawa, Y. (2013), The Formation of the Chinese Communist Party, trans. Joshua A. Fogel (New York: Columbia University Press).
Jin Liren (1997), “Zhonggong Shanghai faqi zu chengli qianhou ruogan shishi kao (shang)” (A study of certain historical facts around the time of the establishment of the original Shanghai group of the CCP [part1]), Dang de wenxian (Party Documents). no. 6, no. 1, pp. 78–83.
Jin Liren (1998), “Zhonggong Shanghai faqi zucheng chengli qianhou ruogan shishi kao (xia),” (A study of certain historical facts around the time of the establishment of the original Shanghai group of the CCP [part2]), Dang de wenxian (Party Documents), no. 1, pp. 85–90.
Jin Liren (2010), “Chuangjian Zhongguo gongchandang: Weijingsiji de cuodao yu Chen Duxiu de zhengque,” (Establishing a Communist Party: The Mistakes of Voitinsky and the Correctness of Chen Duxiu), Shanghai dangshi yu jiandang (Shanghai Party history ond Construction), no. 9, pp. 10–13.
Jindaishi ziliao (1955), (Source materials on modern history) (Beijing).
Joffe, A. (January 5, 1923), “Chinese Puzzle,” Izvestia, p. 2, quoted in O. Wou, (1968), “A Chinese ‘Warlord’ Faction: The Chihli Clique, 1918–1924,” in A.W. Cordier (ed.), The Dean’s Papers, 1967, Columbia Essays in International Affairs, vol. 3 (New York), pp. 255–71.
Joffe, A. (1927), “The USSR and the Far East,” Mirove khoziaitvo I mirovaia politika, nos. 10/11, pp. 35 and 37; quoted in L. Holubnychy (1979), Michael Borodin and the Chinese Revolution, 1923–1927 (New York: East Asia Institute, Columbia University), p. 176.
Kang Youwei (1902 [2010]), Datong shu (The Book of Great Unity) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe).
Kartunova, A.I. (1973), “Internatsional ‘naia pomoshch raochemu klassu kitaia, 1920–1922” (Internationalist assistance to the working class of China, 1920–1922), Problemy Dal’nego Vostoka (Far Eastern Affairs), no. 1, pp. 136–145.
Kazanin, M. (October 3, 1922), “Peking and Treaty Problems,” Mezhdunarodnaia Zhizn, no. 14, pp. 26–32. This article is quoted at length and analyzed in A.S. Whiting (1954), Soviet Policies in China, 1917–1924 (New York: Columbia University Press), pp. 187–90.
Kazanin, M. (1973), China in the Twenties, trans. Hilda Kasanina (Moscow: Central Department of Oriental Literature).
Khodorov, A. (July 29, 1922), “Coalition between Zhang Zuolin and Sun Yat-sen,” Mezhdunarodnaia Zhizn, no. 9, pp. 41–146, quoted in A.S. Whiting (1954), Soviet Policies in China, 1917–1924 (New York: Columbia University Press), p. 117.
Lenin, V.I. (June 1920 [1938]), “Preliminary Theses on National-Colonial Question,” in Selected Works (New York: International Publishers), vol. X. p. 237.
Lenin, V.I. (July 26, 1920 [(1938)], “The Report of the Commission on the National and Colonial Questions at the Second Congress of the Communist International,” in Selected Works (New York: International Publishers), vol. X. p. 241.
Leong, S.-T. (1971), Sino-Soviet Relations, The First Phase 1917–1920 (Canberra: Australian National University Press).
Leutner, M., R., Felber, L. Titarenko and A.M. Grigoriev (eds.) (2002), The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: Between Triumph and Disaster (London: Routledge).
Li Da (1954 [1980]), “Guanyu Zhongguo gongchandang jianli de jige wenti” (On several issues regarding the establishment of the CCP), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 1–5.
Li Da (1955 [1980]), “Zhongguo gongchandang de faqi he diyici, dierci daibiao dahui jingguo de huiyi” (Reminiscences on the initial period of the CCP and the First and Second Party Congresses), in Yida qianhou (Around the time of the First Party Congress) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 6–18.
LI Da zizhuan (jielu) (Excerpts from Li Da’s autobiography) (1928? [1981]), in Dangshi yanjiu ziliao, ed. Zhongguo geming bowuguan dangshi yanjiushi (Research office on party history of the Museum of the Chinese Revolution) (Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe), vol. 2, pp. 1–12.
Li Danyang and Liu Jianyi (2001), “Huoduoluofu yu Su-E zai-Hua zaoqi sheli de dianxunshe” (Khodorov and Soviet telecommunications agencies established early in China), Minguo dang’an, no. 3, pp. 50–61.
Li Danyang and Liu Jianyi (2003), “‘Shanghai ewen sheng huo bao’ yu Buershiweike zaoqi zai Hua huo dong” (Early Bolshevik activity in China: The Russian journal Shanghai Life), Jindaishi yanjiu, no. 2, pp. 1–43.
Li Dazhao (July 1918 [1962]), “Fa E geming zhi bijiao guan” (A comparative perspective on the French and Russian Revolutions), in Li Dazhao xuanji (Selected works of Li Dazhao) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe), pp. 101–104.
Li Dazhao (May 1919), “Wode makesizhuyi guan” (My Marxist viewpoint), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 6, no.5.
Li Dazhao (December 1920), “Weiwu shiguan zai xiandai lishi xuesheng de jiazhi” (The value of historical materialism in modern historical science), Xin qingnian (New youth), vol. 8, no.4.
Li Rong (2011), “Dui ‘Sichuan sheng Chongqing gongchanzhuyi zuzhi de baogao’ de zai kaocha” (Further investigation of the “report on Communist organization in Chongqing of Sichuan province), Zhonggong dangshi yanjiu (Research on Chinese Communist Party history), no. 1, pp. 38–48.
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