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Volume 1
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The universal rule for reconciling reason and revelation 4â8
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The two âinnovatedâ methods of reconciliation: alteration of meaning (tabdÄ«l) and presumption of ignorance (tajhÄ«l) 8â20
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The goal of the Darʾ taÊ¿Äruá¸: To demonstrate the invalidity of the universal rule (al-qÄnÅ«n al-kullÄ«) 20â24
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The beginning of Ibn Taymiyyaâs detailed refutation of the universal rule 86
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Arguments 1â19 86â406
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Argument 1 (86â87)
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Argument 2 (87)
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Argument 3 (87â133)
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Argument 4 (134â137)
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Argument 5 (137)
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Argument 6 (138â144)
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Argument 7 (144â148)
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Argument 8 (148â156)
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Argument 9 (156â170)
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Argument 10 (170â192)
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Argument 11 (192â194)
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Argument 12 (194)
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Argument 13 (195)
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Argument 14 (195â198)
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Argument 15 (198â200)
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Argument 16 (201â208)
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Argument 17 (208â279)
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Argument 18 (280â320)
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Argument 19 (320â406)
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Volume 2
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What revelation indicates concerning Godâs actions 3â147
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A discussion of the three main positions people hold on the question of Godâs actions 147â244
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The way of the authoritative scholars (aʾimma) on the question of the QurʾÄn 244â291
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Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal on Godâs actions, with commentary by Ibn Taymiyya 291â304
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The different positions held concerning the question of Godâs speech and the failure of the authors on uṣūl al-dÄ«n to mention the position of the Salaf 304â324
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Al-RÄzÄ« on the question of the QurʾÄn 324â344
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Al-RÄzÄ«âs five proofs for the temporal origination of the world 344â399
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Al-RÄzÄ«âs first proof: The impossibility of an infinite regress with respect to motion 345â399
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Volume 3
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Al-RÄzÄ«âs four remaining proofs for the temporal origination of the world 3â30
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Al-ÄmidÄ«âs method for proving the temporal origination of the world 30â36
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The methods of the mutakallimÅ«n for disproving the possibility of an infinity (particularly an infinite causal regress) 44â62
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On proofs for the existence of God 72â118
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Al-RÄzÄ«âs five proofs 72â87
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Al-ÄmidÄ«âs proof in his AbkÄr 88â99
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Five arguments for proving the impossibility of an infinite regress 99â104
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A discussion on knowledge, universals and particulars, deductive reasoning, the role of the fiá¹ra, and the status of signs (ÄyÄt) as indicators of knowledge 118â140
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Further discussion on causality and the nature of infinity (commenting on al-SuhrawardÄ«, al-ÄmidÄ«, Ibn SÄ«nÄ, and al-AbharÄ«) 172â264
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A critique of Ibn SÄ«nÄâs method for proving the existence of God; the way of the fiá¹ra 264â269
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Further discussion of causes, causality, and infinite regress; prophetic method grounded in both faith and rational demonstration 286â318
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Conceptions (taá¹£awwurÄt) and the nature of definitions 318â333
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Various methods for proving the existence of God; a critique of Ibn SÄ«nÄâs notion of the âeternal contingentâ 333â351
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Discussion of passages from al-ÄmidÄ«, al-ShahrastÄnÄ«, al-GhazÄlÄ«, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn al-TÅ«mart on various topics 351â454
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Volume 4
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The question of the advent of temporal events in Godâs essence 18â115
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Al-ÄmidÄ« on Godâs speech, corporealism, essence and existence, composition, and the advent of originated events in Godâs essence 115â284
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Al-GhazÄlÄ«âs charge that the philosophers are unable to prove the incorporeality of God 284â295
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Volume 5
Arguments 20â42 3â392
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Argument 20 (3â203)
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Argument 21 (204â209)
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Argument 22 (210â211)
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Argument 23 (211â214)
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Argument 24 (214â216)
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Argument 25 (216â223)
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Argument 26 (223â233)
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Argument 27 (234â241)
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Argument 28 (242â268)
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Argument 29 (268â286)
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Argument 30 (286â288)
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Argument 31 (289â320)
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Argument 32 (320â338)
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Argument 33 (338â340)
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Argument 34 (340â343)
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Argument 35 (343â345)
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Argument 36 (345â346)
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Argument 37 (357â358)
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Argument 38 (359â363)
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Argument 39 (363â370)
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Argument 40 (370â374)
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Argument 41 (374â387)
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Argument 42 (387â392)
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Volume 6
Argument 43 3â352
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Al-RÄzÄ« on spatial location (jiha) and place with respect to God 8â19
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Ibn SÄ«nÄ on the imaginative and estimative faculties, gnosis, and gnostics 19â113
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A rebuttal of al-RÄzÄ«âs argument that if the knowledge of Godâs being above (Ê¿uluww) were self-evident, it would not have been possible for large numbers of people to concur on denying it 113â288
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Further arguments by al-RÄzÄ« on spatial location and a thingâs susceptibility of being pointed to (ishÄra) 289â352
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Volume 7
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Argument 43 (cont.) 3â140
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Further discussion and rebuttal of al-RÄzÄ« on Ê¿uluww and jiha 3â99
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Al-BayhaqÄ«âs epistle on the virtues of al-AshÊ¿arÄ« 99â103
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Al-AshÊ¿arÄ« on affirming the divine attributes in their obvious sense bi-lÄ kayf 103â107
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A response to the claim that the early community did not understand the Arabic of the QurʾÄn to be affirming that God is in His essence above the throne 107â127
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A response to the claim that the QurʾÄn does not indicate Godâs being above or any of His attributes by way of either affirmation or negation 127â140
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Argument 44 140â464
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Al-GhazÄlÄ«âs critique of kalÄm in the IḥyÄʾ 145â150, 157â186
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Al-JuwaynÄ« on rational syllogism and analogy, with Ibn Taymiyya arguing for their interchangeability 150â157
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Al-AshÊ¿arÄ«âs RisÄla ilÄ ahl al-thaghr on change, temporal origination, signs of the existence of God in the universe, and proofs of prophethood 186â224
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Ibn Ê¿AsÄkir on the authoritative scholarsâ condemnation of ahl al-kalÄm 242â257
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Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal on the question of the QurʾÄn 257â276
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Al-Khaá¹á¹ÄbÄ« on kalÄm and those who pursue it 278â303
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Al-BÄqillÄnÄ« on knowing the existence of God and the authenticity of the Prophet through reason, the fiá¹ra, and revelation 304â310
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Al-Khaá¹á¹ÄbÄ«, with extensive comments by Ibn Taymiyya, on the various ways of gaining knowledge, the different kinds of qiyÄs, universals and particulars, the meaning of taʾwÄ«l, and similar 310â344
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The dispute about whether knowledge of the existence of God requires rational inquiry (naáºar) and the obligation to engage in naáºar 352â464
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Volume 8
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Discussions on the first obligation incumbent on a moral agent 5â47
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Ibn Ê¿AqÄ«l and other mutakallimÅ«n on the condemnation of kalÄm 47â70
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On proving the existence of God 70â349
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Al-AshÊ¿arÄ«, al-BÄqillÄnÄ«, al-RÄzÄ«, and Ibn SÄ«nÄ on proving the existence of God 70â136
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Al-GhazÄlÄ«âs charge that the philosophers are incapable of proving the existence of God (with a brief response by Ibn Rushd) 136â139, 146â161
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A continuation of Ibn Rushdâs response to al-GhazÄlÄ« 163â215, 225â244
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Ibn Taymiyyaâs comments on the philosophersâ negative theology and other topics related to the eternality vs. the origination of the world 244â291
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AbÅ« al-Ḥusayn al-Baá¹£rÄ«, al-AshÊ¿arÄ«, and al-BÄqillÄnÄ« on proving the existence of God 295â349
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On the fiá¹ra 359â468
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AbÅ« YaÊ¿lÄ, Ibn Ê¿Abd al-Barr, al-ṬabarÄ«, and al-KhallÄl on the fiá¹ra 359â456
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Rational proofs establish that âevery child is born on the fiá¹raâ 456â468
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On the verse âI created jinn and men only to worship Meâ 468â494
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AbÅ« Muḥammad b. Ê¿Abdik al-Baá¹£rÄ« on the fiá¹ra 494â535
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Volume 9
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On whether knowledge of the existence of God comes about through reason or through revelation 3â66
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Ibn Rushd on the obligation of rational inquiry, the argument from the temporal origination of accidents, infinities and infinite regresses, causality, and Ibn SÄ«nÄâs notion of the âeternal contingentâ 68â132
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AbÅ« al-Ḥusayn al-Baá¹£rÄ« on rational inquiry and proofs for the existence of God, infinity and infinite sets, the temporal origination of the world, and similar 133â177
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Al-JuwaynÄ« on the impossibility of an infinite regress of temporally originated events 177â196
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Al-RÄzÄ« on the temporal origination of the world 197â211
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Discussion of passages from al-SuhrawardÄ«, Ibn SÄ«nÄ, al-RÄzÄ«, and al-ÄmidÄ« 221â272
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Discussion of passages from ThÄbit b. Qurra, with rebuttals 272â321
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Ibn Rushd on the proof for the existence of God based on providence (Ê¿inÄya) and creation (ikhtirÄÊ¿), the oneness of God, and divine knowledge 321â402
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Ibn MalkÄ in MuÊ¿tabar on the question of divine knowledge, with responses 402â441
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Volume 10
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Ibn MalkÄâs citation of Ibn SÄ«nÄ, with a rebuttal by Ibn Taymiyya 3â36
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Al-ṬūsÄ« in Sharḥ al-IshÄrÄt, with rebuttal 44â84
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Al-SuhrawardÄ« in Ḥikmat al-ishrÄq 84â97
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A continuation of Ibn SÄ«nÄâs discussion on the question of Godâs knowledge 98â133
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Al-GhazÄlÄ« on Godâs knowledge 133â141
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Al-RÄzÄ« on Godâs knowledge, will, and action 141â159
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Ibn SÄ«nÄ on Godâs knowing particulars in a universal manner 159â179
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Al-GhazÄlÄ«âs response to Ibn SÄ«nÄ on Godâs knowledge of particulars 179â187
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Ibn Taymiyyaâs rebuttal of Ibn SÄ«nÄ 187â196
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Citation and discussion of Ibn Rushd
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on Godâs attributes of will, speech, hearing, and sight 197â225
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in response to the AshÊ¿arÄ«s and the MuÊ¿tazila on the question of the divine attributes 225â243
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on divine transcendence (tanzÄ«h) 243â251
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on the negation (nafy) of the divine attributes 251â259
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Further discussion of Ibn Rushd on the divine attributes 259â319
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Appendix A Summary Outline of the Darʾ taÊ¿Äruá¸
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