Throughout this book the official Chinese pinyin is adopted to transliterate Chinese words, terms and phrases, but non-pinyin transliterations are kept in direct quotations, original personal and place names, such as “Hangchow,” instead of Hangzhou, in “Presbyterian College of Hangchow.”
Chinese characters in traditional form are provided throughout, including footnotes and references. For Chinese names, the surname comes first and then the personal name. The Chinese names of western missionaries, wherever possible, are also provided following this order.