List of abbreviations
| ACABQ | Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions |
| ACC | Administrative Committee on Coordination |
| AIIB | Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank |
| AIPA | ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly |
| Albany L. Rev. | Albany Law Review |
| Am. U.J. Int’l L. & Pol’y | The American University Journal of International Law and Policy |
| Am. Rev. Int’l Arb. | American Review of International Arbitration |
| Annu. Eur. | Annuaire Européen |
| Annu. Eur. d’Adm. Publ. | Annuaire Européen d’Administration Publique |
| AFDI | Annuaire français de droit international |
| AJIL | American Journal of International Law |
| AJPS | American Journal of Political Science |
| APSCO | Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization |
| APSR | American Political Science Review |
| ARIO | Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| AU | African Union |
| Aussenpolit. | Aussenpolitik |
| AVR | Archiv des Völkerrechts |
| Benelux | Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg Economic Union |
| BIPM | Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |
| BIRPI | Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle |
| BIS | Bank for International Settlements |
| Boston College Third World L.J. | Boston College Third World Law Journal |
| Brooklyn J. Int’l L. | Brooklyn Journal of International Law |
| BYIL | British Year Book of International Law |
| CAC | Codex Alimentarius Commission |
| Calif. W.Int’l L.J. | California Western International Law Journal |
| CARICOM | Caribbean Community |
| Case W. Res. L. Rev. | Case Western Reserve Law Review |
| CDE | Cahiers de droit européen |
| CEB | United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination |
| CERN | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
| CETS | Council of Europe Treaty Series (before 2004, the title of this series was European Treaty Series) |
| Chinese JIL | Chinese Journal of International Law |
| Chr.Pol.ét. | Chronique de Politique étrangère |
| Chula. L. Rev. | Chulalongkorn Law Review |
| CILJ | Cornell International Law Journal |
| CILSA | The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa |
| CIM | International Convention Concerning the Carriage of Goods by Rail |
| CIV | International Convention Concerning the Carriage of Passengers and Luggage by Rail |
| CJTL | Columbia Journal of Transnational Law |
| CMEA | Council for Mutual Economic Assistance |
| CMLR | Common Market Law Reports |
| CMLRev. | Common Market Law Review |
| CoE | Council of Europe |
| Col.LR | Columbia Law Review |
| Comecon | Council for Mutual Economic Assistance |
| Comp. L. Yb. | Comparative Law Yearbook |
| Cornell ILJ | Cornell International Law Journal |
| CSCE | Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe |
| CTBT | Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty |
| CTBTO | Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization |
| CYELS | Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies |
| CYIL | Canadian Yearbook of International Law |
| Dalhousie L.J. | Dalhousie Law Journal |
| Déf. Nat. | Défense Nationale |
| Denver JILP | Denver Journal of International Law and Policy |
| Dick. J. Int’l L. | Dickinson Journal of International Law |
| EA | Europa Archiv |
| EAEC | European Atomic Energy Community |
| EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
| ECA | Economic Commission for Africa |
| ECAFE | Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East |
| ECE | Economic Commission for Europe |
| ECJ | European Court of Justice (official name: Court of Justice of the European Union) |
| ECLA | Economic Commission for Latin America |
| ECLAC | Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| ECMWF | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts |
| ECO | Economic Cooperation Organization |
| ECOSOC | Economic and Social Council |
| ECOWAS | Economic Community of West African States |
European Court Reports | |
| ECSC | European Coal and Steel Community |
| ECWA | Economic Commission for Western Asia |
| E(E)C | European (Economic) Community |
| EFAR | European Foreign Affairs Review |
| EFTA | European Free Trade Association |
| EHRLR | European Human Rights Law Review |
| EJIL | European Journal of International Law |
| ELR | European Law Review |
| Emory J. Int’l Disp. Res. | Emory Journal of International Dispute Resolution |
| ENEA | European Nuclear Energy Agency |
| Envtl. L. | Environmental Law |
| EPIL | Encyclopedia of Public International Law |
| EPL | European Public Law |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| ESA Bull. | ESA Bulletin |
| ESCAP | Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
| ETS | European Treaty Series (since 2004 the title of this series is Council of Europe Treaty Series) |
| EU | European Union |
| EuConst | European Constitutional Law Review |
| EuGRZ | Europäische Grundrechte Zeitschrift |
| EUMETSAT | European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
| Eur.Arch. | Europa Archiv |
| Euratom | European Atomic Energy Community |
| Eur.Yb. | European Yearbook |
| Eutelsat | European Telecommunications Satellite Organization |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
| Fla.Int’l L.J. | Florida International Law Journal |
| Fordham Int’l L. J. | Fordham International Law Journal |
| Foreign Aff. | Foreign Affairs |
| GA | General Assembly of the United Nations |
| Ga. J. Int’l & Comp. L. | Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law |
| GAOR | General Assembly Official Records |
| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
| GEF | Global Environmental Facility |
| Geo. Wash. J. Int’l L. & Econ. | The George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics |
| GNI | Gross National Income |
| GUAM | Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (members: Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova) |
| GYIL | German Yearbook of International Law |
UN Centre for Human Settlements | |
| Harv.L.R. | Harvard Law Review |
| Hastings L.J. | Hastings Law Journal |
| HILJ | Harvard International Law Journal |
| Hous. J. Int’l L. | Houston Journal of International Law |
| HRLJ | Human Rights Law Journal |
| Hum. Rts. Q. | Human Rights Quarterly |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| IATA | International Air Transport Association |
| IBRD | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
| ICC | International Criminal Court |
| ICJ | International Court of Justice |
| ICLQ | International and Comparative Law Quarterly |
| ICLR | International Criminal Law Review |
| ICMP | International Commission on Missing Persons |
| ICPE | International Centre for the Promotion of Enterprises |
| ICSID Rev. | ICSID Review |
| ICTR | International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |
| ICTY | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia |
| IDA | International Development Association |
| IDLO | International Development Law Organization |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| IFAD | International Fund for Agricultural Development |
| IFC | International Finance Corporation |
| IJIL | Indian Journal of International Law |
| ILC | International Law Commission |
| ILM | International Legal Materials |
| ILO | International Labour Organization |
| ILR | International Law Reports |
| IMCO | Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| IMO | International Maritime Organization |
| IMSO | International Mobile Satellite Organization |
| Infofish | Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Asia and Pacific Region |
| INMARSAT | International Maritime Satellite Organization |
| Int.Conc. | International Conciliation |
| INTELSAT | International Telecommunications Satellite Organization |
| Int. Geneva Yb | International Geneva Yearbook |
| Int.Soc.Sci.J. | International Social Science Journal |
| Int’l Tax & Bus. Law. | International Tax and Business Lawyer |
| Internat. Aff. | International Affairs |
International Business Lawyer | |
| Internat. J. | International Journal |
| Internat. Rel. | International Relations |
| Internat. Stud. | International Studies |
| Interpol | International Criminal Police Organization |
| IOLR | International Organizations Law Review |
| IOM | International Organization for Migration |
| IRENA | International Renewable Energy Agency |
| Ir. Stud. Int’l Aff. | Irish Studies in International Affairs |
| ITER | International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (an international nuclear fusion energy organization) |
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
| It.YIL | Italian Yearbook of International Law |
| JAIL | Japanese Annual of International Law |
| JAL | Journal of African Law |
| JALC | Journal of Air Law and Commerce |
| JCMS | Journal of Common Market Studies |
| JDI | Journal du Droit International |
| JICJ | Journal of International Criminal Justice |
| JIDS | Journal of International Dispute Settlement |
| JIEL | Journal of International Economic Law |
| JIOS | Journal of International Organizations Studies |
| JIU | Joint Inspection Unit |
| JR | The Juridical Review |
| JSL | Journal of Space Law |
| JWT | Journal of World Trade |
| JWTL | Journal of World Trade Law |
| J. Interam. Stud. & Wld. Aff. | Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs |
| J. Internat.Aff. | Journal of International Affairs |
| J. Media L. & Pract. | Journal of Media Law and Practice |
| J. Mod. Af. Stud. | The Journal of Modern African Studies |
| J. Space L. | Journal of Space Law |
| LAFTA | Latin American Free Trade Association |
| LAIA | Latin American Integration Association |
| LAPE | The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals |
| LCI | La comunità internazionale |
| LIEI | Legal Issues of European Integration |
| LJIL | Leiden Journal of International Law |
| LNTS | League of Nations Treaty Series |
| LoN | League of Nations |
| LQR | The Law Quarterly Review |
| Max Planck UNYB | Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law |
| Melbourne JIL | Melbourne Journal of International Law |
Mercado Común del Sur (Southern Common Market) | |
| MichLR | Michigan Law Review |
| MIGA | Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency |
| MLR | Modern Law Review |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| NCJ Int’l L. & Com. Reg. | North Carolina Journal of International law and Commercial Regulation |
| NedTIR | Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Internationaal Recht |
| NGO | Non-Governmental Organization |
| Nigerian J. Int’l Aff. | Nigerian Journal of International Affairs |
| NILR | Netherlands International Law Review |
| NJB | Nederlands Juristenblad |
| Nord. J. Int’l L. | Nordic Journal of International Law |
| NorTIR | Nordisk Tidsskrift for International Ret |
| Nw. J. Int’l L. & Bus. | Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business |
| NYIL | Netherlands Yearbook of International Law |
| NYUJILP | New York University Journal of International Law and Politics |
| NZLJ | The New Zealand Law Journal |
| OAPEC | Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| OAS | Organization of American States |
| OAU | Organization of African Unity |
| Ocean Yb. | Ocean Yearbook |
| ODECA | Organization of Central American States |
| OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| OEEC | Organization for European Economic Cooperation |
| OJ | Official Journal of the European Union |
| ONUC | United Nations Operation in the Congo (Opération des Nations Unies au Congo) |
| OPCW | Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
| OPEC | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| OR | Official Records |
| OSCE | Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe |
| Österr. Z. öffentl. Recht u. | |
| Völkerrecht | Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht |
| OTIF | Intergovernmental Organization for International Carriage by Rail |
| PABSEC | Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation |
| PCIJ | Permanent Court of International Justice |
| Peaslee | Amos J. Peaslee, International Governmental Organizations (rev. 3rd ed., five volumes, 1974–1980) |
| PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization |
Public Administration and Development | |
| Publication of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Series of publications including, inter alia, reports on the annual meetings of the UN General Assembly |
| PYIL | Polish Yearbook of International Law |
| Quart. J. Adm. | The Quarterly Journal of Administration |
| Quest. Int’l L. | Questions of International Law |
| RBDI | Revue belge de droit international |
| RdC | Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de droit international |
| RDI | Revue de Droit International |
| REDI | Revue Egyptienne de Droit International |
| Regards sur l’Actual. | Regards sur l’Actualité |
| REIO | Regional Economic Integration Organization |
| Rev. Algér. Rel. Internat. | Revue Algérienne des Rélations Internationales |
| Rev. Internat. Aff. | Review of International Affairs |
| Rev. Internat. Sci. Adm. | Revue International des Sciences Administratives |
| Rev. Internat. Stud. | Review of International Studies |
| RGDIP | Revue Générale de droit international publique |
| RHDI | Revue Hellénique de Droit International |
| RIW/AWD | Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft. Aussenwirtschaftsdienst des Betriebsberaters |
| RMC | Revue du Marché Commun |
| Round Table | The Round Table |
| RTDE | Revue trimestrielle de droit européen |
| RW | Rechtskundig Weekblad |
| SADC | Southern African Development Community |
| SAYIL | South African Yearbook of International Law |
| SC | Security Council of the United Nations |
| SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organization |
| SCOR | Security Council Official Records |
| SELA | Latin American and Caribbean Economic System |
| SEW | Sociaal Economische Wetgeving |
| SJIR | Schweizerische Jahrbuch für internationales Recht (Annuaire suisse de droit international) |
| SRIEL | Swiss Review of International and European Law |
| Staff Papers | Staff Papers of the International Monetary Fund |
| Stanford L. Rev. | Stanford Law Review |
| Stud. Diplom. | Studia Diplomatica |
| SWAPO | South West Africa People’s Organization |
| Syr. J. Int’l L. & Com. | Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce |
| TEU | Treaty on European Union |
| Tex. Int’l L.J. | Texas International Law Journal |
| TFEU | Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union |
| Trb. | Tractatenblad (Netherlands Treaty Series) |
| UAR | United Arab Republic |
| UK | United Kingdom |
United Nations | |
| UNAT | United Nations Administrative Tribunal |
| UNCDF | United Nations Capital Development Fund |
| UNCIO | United Nations Conference on International Organization |
| UNCITRAL | United Nations Commission on International Trade Law |
| UNCTAD | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UNEF | United Nations Emergency Force |
| UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
| UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| UNFICYP | United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus |
| UNFPA | United Nations Population Fund |
| UNHCR | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
| UNICEF | United Nations Children’s Fund4 |
| UNIDO | United Nations Industrial Development Organization |
| UNITAR | United Nations Institute for Training and Research |
| UNJY | United Nations Juridical Yearbook |
| UNOPS | United Nations Office for Project Services |
| UNRWA | United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East |
| UNTS | United Nations Treaty Series |
| U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. | University of Miami Inter-American Law Review |
| UNCTAD Rev. | UNCTAD Review |
| UNWTO | World Tourism Organization |
| UPU | Universal Postal Union |
| US | United States of America |
| USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| VJIL | Virginia Journal of International Law |
| VJTL | Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law |
| VN | Vereinte Nationen |
| VRÜ | Verfassung und Recht in Übersee |
| WEOG | Western European and Other States Group |
| WEU | Western European Union |
| WFP | World Food Programme |
| WHA | World Health Assembly |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WIPO | World Intellectual Property Organization |
| Wld. Today | The World Today |
| WLR | Weekly Law Reports |
| WMO | World Meteorological Organization |
| WTO | World Trade Organization |
| YbILC | Yearbook of the International Law Commission |
| YbWA | Yearbook of World Affairs |
| YEL | Yearbook of European Law |
| YIO | Yearbook of International Organizations |
| YUN | Yearbook of the United Nations |
| ZaöRV | Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht |
| ZLW | Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht |
| ZÖR | Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht |
- •International institutional law is a field of law full of abbreviations. The text will often refer to international organizations by using their full name, but for reasons of brevity or style, abbreviations cannot be avoided.
- •Occasionally, reference is made to the EEC. Created in 1957 as the European Economic Community, this name was changed into European Community by the 1992 Treaty on European Union. When the text refers to “EEC”, this relates to legal situations dating from before November 1993 (when the Treaty on European Union entered into force). On 1 December 2009, the European Community was replaced and succeeded by the European Union (EU). As much as possible, reference is made to the EU, even when, strictly speaking, the text refers to a legal situation prior to 1 December 2009.
- •“European Court of Justice” refers to the Court of Justice of the European Union and to the Court of Justice of the European Communities, as this Court was named before 1 December 2009.
- •For reasons of brevity, the text does not usually use the alternative pronouns “he or she”, but only refers to “he”. This should always be interpreted in a gender neutral way, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
- •Regarding references to websites in footnotes: the websites mentioned in footnotes have been last visited in January 2018 (unless indicated otherwise). An attempt has been made to refer to official documents and general websites as much as possible, since references to specific websites are often out of date within limited time.
- •The text of the fifth edition of this book has been the basis for this revised sixth edition. Most of the paragraphs of the sixth edition largely or completely correspond to paragraphs carrying the same number in the previous edition. In case a new paragraph was added, a new paragraph number has been given using Roman capitals (e.g. §516A). In case a paragraph was deleted or moved elsewhere, this has been indicated in the text.
Strictly seen this Panel is not itself an international organization, but a subsidiary body of the World Meteorological Organization and the UN Environmental Programme.
See H.G. Cohen, Multilateralism’s Life Cycle, 112 AJIL 47–66 (2018).
See H.G. Schermers, The Birth and Development of International Institutional Law, 1 IOLR 5–8 (2004).
Created as the UN International Children’s Emergency Fund, in 1953 UN General Assembly Resolution 802(VIII) changed UNICEF’s name into UN Children’s Fund, but retained the acronym.