Index
abhidharma
Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā
321, 328
Abhidharmapiṭaka
331
mātṛkā
151, 329–330
abhiṣeka (Chin. guanding 灌頂)
95, 337
absolute truth (Kor. ch’e 體)
291, 326
Acala see Fudō
Acuoye Guanyin (阿嵯耶觀音)
90–107
Avalokiteśvara
Ado (阿道)
258
Āgamas
138, 325, 327
Ahmad Fanākatī (Chin. Ahema 阿合馬)
200n14
Aizen’ō (愛染王) see Aizen
Aizen (愛染)
109–110, 112, 113n8, 117, 120, 122, 124–127, 133, 134n33
Denpu Aizen (田夫愛染)
131
Ryōzu-Aizen (両頭愛染)
113
Tenkyū Aizen (天弓愛染)
123
Zen’ai (染愛)
115
Ajātaśatru
36
Ajita (Chin. Ayoutuo 阿由陀)
140
Ājīvakas
322, 338
Ajja-gona-hpaya
26
ālīḍhāsana
42
Aluvihāra
330
Amaterasu (天照)
115–116, 117n13
Amdo
52, 55, 205–206
Amitābha
90, 93, 285
Amitāyus
28n17
Amogha (Chin. Amojia 阿謨伽)
123n21
Amoghavajra (Chin. Bukong 不空)
96, 112, 113n8, 123n21, 139, 148, 268, 336–337
titles
337
Amoluoba (菴摩羅跋)
243n73
Āmravana see Amoluoba
Ānanda
324, 327n30
Anige
75
aṅkuśa
42
An Lushan (安祿山)
337
Annam
90–91, 94, 97, 106
Annen (安然)
113, 123, 125
An Shigao (安世高)
137, 146n15, 348n24, 356
An Xuan (安玄)
137
An’yōbō Hōgen (安養房芳源)
123
apparitional beings (Skt. upapāduka)
321
armour
45, 75
army
45–46, 222, 337
asceticism (Chin. toutuo xing 頭陀行)
261n15, 313
Aśoka
49n53, 148n18, 322–323, 325–326, 332–333, 338
Aśokan edicts
Aśokan edicts
Allāhābād-Kosam
156n32
Girnār
158
Jaugaḍa
154, 187
Kālsī
168, 187
Mānsehrā
149, 173
Shāhbāzgaṛhī
149, 158, 173
Aṣṭamahābodhisattvas
25n12, 26
astronomy
211
Avalokiteśvara
16, 26n15, 30n18, 82, 121, 217n71, 264, 285
Dragon-Head (Chin. Longtou 龍頭)
100n50
Jianguo Guanshiyin pusa (建圀觀世音 菩薩)
101
Nyoirin Kannon (如意輪観音)
117
Pumen pin Guanshiyin pusa (普門品觀世音菩薩)
102
Xunsheng jiuku Guanshiyin pusa (尋聲救苦觀世音菩薩)
102–103
Yizhang Guanshiyin pusa (易長觀世音 菩薩)
100
Zhenshen Guanshiyin pusa (真身觀世音菩薩)
100
Ayodhyā
328n32
Ayurbarwada see Qan, Buyantu
Bactria
84
Bagan
15, 21–22, 26, 32n24, 42, 45–46, 49–50
and China
23, 42, 50
monuments
23, 25, 30, 45
baiman (白蠻) see barbarians, White
Baizhang Huaihai (百丈懷海)
274, 344
Bangladesh
2n1, 22
Bao Tang school (保唐)
269, 274n54
barbarians Fan; hu
Black (Chin. wuman 烏蠻)
87
Southwestern (Chin. xinan yi 西南夷)
85
White (Chin. baiman 白蠻)
87
bathing
344–349, 347–348, 356–358, 362, 367
bei (碑) see stele
Benbo (本波, Tib. dbon po) see Mubo
Bengali
6, 21, 23, 25, 84, 86
benqin (本勤, 本欽, Tib. dpon chen) (‘viceroy’)
218
Bhaiṣajyaguru
60–61, 73–77, 79, 286
Bharukachha
328
bhūmisparśamudrā
28
Bihar
4, 13, 22–23, 25–26, 28n17, 30n19, 31
biography Jōgū Kōtaishi bosatsu den; Tō daioshō tōseiden; Xu Gaoseng zhuan
of Chajang (慈藏)
17, 261–268, 277, 281
of Chinp’yo (眞表)
267
of Faxian (法顯)
4–5, 231
of Huisi (慧思)
301n2, 306–308
of Hyehyŏn (慧顯)
261
of Jiang Cai (薑才)
199n10
of Jianzhen (鑒真)
309, 314
of Kim Taebi (金大悲)
274n56
of Muyŏm (無染)
273
of P’ayak (波若)
261
of Sungyŏng (順璟)
278
of Sunji (順之)
272–273
of Tanshi (曇始)
260
of Ŭisang (義湘)
279–280
of Wŏnch’ŭk (圓測)
277
of Wŏngwang (圓光)
259, 261, 263, 265
of Wŏnhyo (誓幢)
278
of Xuanzang (玄奘)
231, 324n33
of Yanshou (延壽)
279n67
of Zhengu (貞固)
248n97, 250
of Zhi Dun (支遁)
260
birth stories (Skt. jātaka)
310, 333, 338
Blue Annals (Tib. Deb ther sngon po, Chin. Qingshi 青史)
206n36
Bodhgayā
3n3, 12, 23–25, 26n15, 28, 42, 50, 86n12, 238n45, 242n72, 242n73, 243, 246, 250, 251n108
Bodhidharma
292, 302–303, 308n22, 310–311, 314, 319
bodhimaṇḍa (Chin. daochang 道場) (‘place of awakening’)
103, 104n59, 217n71, 246n89
Bodhi Mandir see Bodhgayā
Bodhiruci
335
bodhi tree (Chin. jueshu 覺樹)
250
body
decorum of the
262, 342, 344, 346–352, 355–356, 359n50, 362, 364, 367–369
illness of the
175, 229n16, 234, 244, 345
massage of the
347
meditation
46, 80, 129–130, 133, 204, 217, 265, 272, 286, 306–307, 310–315, 317–319, 324, 355, 366
naked
76, 90n26, 347–348, 354–355
purity of the
18, 342–344, 356–359, 361–369
real-life embodiments (Jap. shōjin 生身)
115
shintai (身体)
116
border army (Chin. chujun 出軍)
222
borderland (Chin. biandi 邊地)
206, 228, 229n16, 252
complex
12–13, 17, 228, 230, 246–347, 302
Brahmā
30n18
Brahmacarya
249
Brahmin
6–7, 334n55, 336, 338–339, 361, 367
British Museum
25n10, 25n12, 74
bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan (Chin. danbi qianjian 擔畀謙賤) (‘victory banner of the teachings’)
95
btsan po gcung (Chin. zanpu zhong 贊普鐘) (‘younger brother of the emperor’)
88, 96
Buddha
ashes of the
36, 39
biography/life events of
28, 30, 229
birthday of the
264
dharma
297, 335
garments of the
75
Medicine
73, 75
Mother see Butsugen
Saṅgha see Three Jewels
teaching of the
16, 137, 320
Buddhavacana
18, 137, 321
Buddha-word; sūtra
Buddha-word
18, 321, 323, 326–328, 330
Buddhism Chan, Esoteric Buddhism, Korean Buddhism
East Asian/Sinitic
17–18, 256, 259, 269, 283–284, 298, 304, 319
Huayan (華嚴)
280, 335
in China
1–2, 4, 7, 12, 16–17, 76, 103, 135, 142, 206, 215, 217n71, 222, 227–230, 246–247, 252, 254, 257, 266, 281–282, 286, 293n34, 298, 302–303, 319, 338, 344, 355, 363
in Dali (大理)
82, 91, 101
in India
13, 17, 42, 96, 98, 228–229, 252, 303, 336, 343
in Nanzhao (南詔)
86, 91–92, 94–97
in Silla (新羅)
259, 264, 266, 268, 285, 286n6
in Tibet
15–16, 52, 78, 196–198, 204, 206–207, 209n44, 212n50, 213, 216, 221–222
Japanese
16, 110–111, 301, 303, 304n8, 306, 307, 313, 316n43, 317–318
Liao
100n47
Shingon (真言) see Shingon
spread from India to China
16, 18, 86, 232, 252, 276, 340, 369
Tantric
45, 109n3, 196n1, 336, 337n75
Buddhist identity, monasteries, networks
apologetics
246, 275, 355
canon
330
centre
302–303
communities/groups
1, 6–7, 10, 12–13, 18, 23, 45, 79, 185n62, 313, 317, 319, 322, 325–326, 331–332, 338, 341, 355, 356, 359, 361, 369
country
253n2, 279, 282
disappearance
321–322
doctrine
12–13, 118n14, 248, 303, 321, 324, 326, 336, 355
exchanges
2, 7, 17, 253, 254n4, 255, 280, 282
faith
321, 326
motherland
284, 303, 319
sacred realm
17, 229
synod (Skt. saṃgīti)
323–325
teachings/worldview
15, 17, 57, 95, 191, 196, 198, 204, 211, 222, 283–284, 298, 302, 309
tradition
6, 11, 81, 97, 101, 106, 206, 239n50, 269, 283–286, 294, 297, 303, 322, 343, 355
transmission
82, 98, 302, 304, 307, 316
world
1–2, 4, 7, 9–12, 14–15, 17–18, 25n10, 26, 82–83, 106, 281–282, 318–319, 338
Bukhara
198
Bukong Jin’gang (不空金剛) see Amoghavajra
Burma
3n3, 15, 21–23, 25–26, 30, 81, 84, 86–87
Butsugen (仏眼)
120, 132–135
caitya
26n15, 36
cakravartin
95
camels
202n19, 349, 353
Candra (Chin. Zhanda 栴大)
140, 141n7
Candragupta (Chin. Zantuojueduo 贊陀崛多)
96
canon
18, 46, 144n12, 231n23, 247n93, 256, 261n16, 284, 323, 323, 325, 330–334, 335n62, 338, 343
catalogue
of Huixian (慧顯)
366
Gojinen mokuroku (御持念目録)
122
censorship
213, 331
Central Asia
4–5, 10, 21, 23, 42, 84, 94, 138–144, 147, 149, 156, 162, 164, 166, 178, 181, 184–185, 188–190, 198, 220, 335
hu
Chajang (慈藏)
17, 261–268, 277, 281
Champa
94n32
Ch’amyu Togwang (璨幽道光)
290
chan ding (禪定)
314
Chang’an (長安)
4, 9, 93, 123, 217, 232n27, 242n71
Changlu Zongze (長蘆宗赜)
364
Chan
lineages/lines
101, 260, 290, 310
mountain schools
272, 274, 289, 299
Northern (Chin. beichan 北禪)
286
orthodox
284
patriarchs
14, 98, 272, 304, 311n29
recorded sayings (Chin. yulu 語錄)
286
rhetoric see encounter dialogue
seventh patriarch
101n51, 270n37
Southern (Chin. nanchan 南禪)
286, 289n12, 289n20, 291, 296–297
Tang
285
transmission
284, 287
chanmen (禪門)
312
Channa
320
Chaozhou (潮州)
218–219
cheng bei (乘杯)
324n35
Chengdu (成都)
88, 93, 217, , 269, 292, 368n77
Chengzu (成祖)
77
Chihwang (智晃)
261n16
Chimyŏng (智明)
266
China Dynasty
and Japan
7, 16, 18, 75n21, 127, 135, 303–305, 316, 319
and Korea
254n4, 255
and Tibet
17, 255, 298
as a centre (of Buddhism)
252n111, 302–303
Chief Military Command See Du yuanshuai fu
Chinese Han
biographers/biography
17, 255, 281
calendar
262
empire/government
85–86, 88, 196n1, 212n50, 212n51, 282, 334–335, 344n15
court; Dynasty
classics
93n31, 95, 228, 336
delegation (Chin. Han shi 漢使)
245
garments/silk/textiles
22, 30
history
334, 356
inferiority complex
229
inscriptions
15, 51n57, 57, 72, 76, 250
intellectuals/literati/scholars/writers
137, 254n4, 199–200, 209, 215, 220n80, 222, 309n25, 319
[monks’] double identity
227–229, 246, 250
society
227, 341, 355n40, 357
territory
15, 82, 93, 102, 104, 106–107
transliteration
138, 140–141, 187, 190
Chinese Buddhist
disciplinary texts
18, 345, 354–355, 357, 359, 362, 367–368
imaginaire
255, 281–282
monks/monasticism
4–6, 8–9, 11, 13, 17, 229–230, 244, 255, 262–263, 272–273, 302, 307n15, 355, 356n42
translations
137–144, 147, 214n58, 257, 342
travellers
11, 228–229, 247
Chinp’yo (眞表)
267
chixian (赤縣)
238n43
China
Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn (崔致遠)
273–275, 276n59, 282
Chōen (長宴)
121n17
Chōnen (奝然)
111n7
Chonghua (沖華) see Wang Zhaoyi
Chŏngyuk (亭育)
272
Christianity, Nestorian
47
Chuan fabao ji (傳法寶記)
309–310
chuanxin (傳心) see transmission
Chuji (處寂)
269
Chuntuo Dashi (純陁大師)
101n51
Činggizid see period, Činggizid; Qan, Činggiz
coins
85
Comilla
22
Commandery
Yizhou (益州)
84, 86, 106, 292, 300
Yongchang (永昌)
84–86, 88, 106
commentaries Sangyō gisho
Chinese Buddhist
1, 95–96, 186, 240n56, 341–342, 344–348, 362, 364
exegetes (Chin. yijie 義解)
265, 278, 282
Huguo sinan chao (護國司南抄)
95–96, 104
of Wŏnhyo (元曉)
278–279
Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs see xuanzhengyuan
concentration (Jap. jō 定)
112, 115, 116n11, 120, 133–134
horse penis
110
Confucianism
14, 93, 209, 209, 211, 227, 232n25, 246n90, 275, 284n3, 305, 333–336, 339, 355n40, 362, 364, 369
ren
Confucius
249n101, 275
consecration see abhiṣeka
continuity
81, 250, 304, 340, 369
convention (Skt. saṃvṛti)
326
copper
84
cosmologization
251
court
Han (漢)
84–85
Ming (明)
15, 52–53, 78
Mongol/Yuan (元)
74, 197, 211, 213–214, 216, 222
Nanzhao (南詔)
91–92, 97, 101
Silla (新羅)
298
Song (宋)
104, 277
Tang (唐)
8, 86, 88, 96, 265
cowries
84–85
Cullavagga
326n24
cultural identity
boundaries/borders
15, 78, 108, 285, 298, 341
exchange
303
identity
17, 228, 287, 298, 303
dado-hō (駄都法) see ritual
Dadu (大都)
196, 199–201, 203, 204n28, 209, 211–212, 214–217, 222
Daecheong Island (大青島)
220–221
Daiitoku (大威徳, Skt. Yamāntaka)
121, 125
Daishō Kongō (大勝金剛)
121, 125–126
Dali (大理)
15–16, 23, 32, 45, 81–83, 86–87, 90–91, 93–94, 96–107, 197
Buddhism
elites
81–82, 93, 98, 100n47, 101, 105–107
Mongol campaign against
197
as a transit hub
106
dan (丹) India
Dao (道)
233n29, 246n90, 263, 265
Dao’an (道岸)
312n31
Daoxin (道信)
270, 310n26
Daoxuan (道宣)
17, 255, 260–268, 275–277, 281–282, 301n2, 302, 306–307, 310, 313, 329, 345, 348, 350–351, 355n40, 366n68, 366n69, 366n72
Daoyi (道義) see Toŭi
Daoyu (道育)
310n26
Da Tang guo Hengzhou Hengshan daochang Shi Huisi chanshi qidai ji (大唐國衡州 衡山道場釋慧思禪師七代記) see biography, of Huisi
Da Tang Xiyu ji (大唐西域記)
231
Dai Tō denkai shisō myōki daioshō Ganjin den (大唐伝戒師僧名記大和上鑑真伝) see biography, of Jianzhen
Dazhi du lun (大智度論)
153n26, 167n42
death penalty (Chin. si 死)
219
Denjutsu isshin kaimon (伝述一心戒文)
308–310, 317
Kōjō
Deyoudi (德祐帝) see Zhao Xian
Dhammapada
140n6
dhāraṇī
by Luocha nü (Chin. 羅剎女)
174
Mahāpratisarā-vidyārājñī
104
meanings
185–187, 191
in the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka
137, 150
by Samantabhadra
176
Uṣṇīṣavijayā
104
by Vaiśravaṇa
171
by Virūḍhaka
172
Dharma
guardians
98
hundred dharmas (Chin. wuwei baifa 五位百法)
214
king (Skt. dharmarāja)
333, 337
Latter see mappō
monks in search of the
230–231, 259
name
289
seekers
241
theory of eastward flow of
305
Dharmaguptaka
325n20, 325n21, 326, 366n69
Dharmaguptakavinaya
321n3, 342n10, 343, 345–347, 349–354, 360, 366n68, 366n69
dharmakāya (Chin. fashen 法身)
251
dharmaparyāya
Dhatu-hō kudenshū (菰効法口伝集)
120
dhoti
90n26, 93, 95
diamond thrones see vajrāsana
dictionaries
76, 105, 138n2, 139n5, 151–152, 154, 156–157, 213n57, 245n83
Dīghanikāya
330n37
diplomatic mission
8, 32n23, 42n36, 257, 289n16
Disāprāmuk
32n23, 42n36, 45
discourse
of Chineseness
88
on dharma
336n64
elite
227
ethno-cultural
87
physiomoral
359
dishi (帝師) see Imperial Preceptor
divine intervention
321
Dōji (道慈)
303–304, 308n17, 316n43
Do Kham (Tib. mDo khams)
206n33
Do me Myriarchy Office see Junmin wanhu fu
Do me (Tib. mDo smad)
205–208, 211, 215–216
Doṇa
36
Dongge (東閣)
232n27
Dongyang Dehui (東陽德輝)
257n44, 365
Dong (董)
88, 104
donors
22, 30, 32, 36, 356–358, 365
door protectors
22, 42
Dōsen (道璿)
310
double belonging
17, 228n7, 246–247
dragon See also nāga
rainmaking king
112, 121, 128, 131n28, 278
nyoi hōju gongen (如意宝珠権現)
128
Suiten (水天)
131n28
worship
128
Drukpa (Tib. ’Drug pa)
78
drums
84, 101, 321
Duan Siping (段思平)
97
Duan Yizhang Sheng (段易長生)
100
Duan Yizhang Xing (段易長興)
100
Duan Zhengxing (段政興)
100
Duan Zhixing (段智興)
98, 100
Du Fei (杜朏)
18, 307, 309–310, 312, 319
Dunhuang (敦煌)
4–5, 74–75, 82, 144, 213, 243, 252, 268, 310
dunwu (頓悟) see enlightenment
Duogansi (朵甘思) see Do Kham
du yuanshuai fu (都元帥府) (‘Chief Military Command’)
205
Dynasty
Chen (陳)
259, 265n27, 280
Han (漢)
81, 84–86, 106, 156, 275, 334
Koryŏ (高麗)
213–215, 222, 254, 273, 279n67, 280, 289n13
Liang (梁)
258, 260, 303
Ming (明)
15, 50, 56–57, 60–69, 72, 96, 105n62, 212n51
Northern Zhou (北周)
276
Pāla
94n32, 96
Qin (秦)
84, 191, 256
Song (宋)
82, 97, 104, 198, 199n7, 199n8, 202, 209, 213, 250, 254, 260, 269, 277, 280, 282, 343, 366n68
Tang (唐)
8, 86, 93, 282, 335
Yuan (元)
16, 106, 196, 204–205, 208, 211, 212n51, 216, 219, 222
Early Middle Chinese
138n2
Eiei (榮叡)
314–315
eight events
25n11
eight ills
102
Eizan daishiden (叡山大師伝)
308n21, 317n46
elites
4–5, 15–16, 81–82, 85n8, 90, 92–93, 97–98, 100n47, 101, 104–107, 200, 266–267, 303, 335, 362
Emperor Qan; Zhao Xian
Chengzong (成宗)
217n72
Goreizei (後冷泉)
113
Gosanjō (後三条)
113
Hui Zong (徽宗)
200n11, 220
Kammu (桓武)
317
Li Sanlang (李三郎)
308n17
Nagayaō (長屋王)
315
Shirakawa (白河院)
123n21
Yōmei (用明)
305
Empress Dowager see Xie Daoqing; Quan
Enchin (円珍)
121–125, 135
encounter dialogue (Chin. wenda, Kor. mundap 問答)
273, 284, 286, 288, 296
enlightenment
112, 161, 232, 250, 279, 295–296, 320, 352, 358–359, 367
sudden (Chin. dunwu 頓悟)
14, 284, 315
Ennin (圓仁)
253, 283, 289n16, 293, 307n16, 311
Enshū (圓修)
307n15
Esen Qutug (也先忽都)
207
Esoteric Buddhism
16, 26n15, 95–96, 102–103, 109, 111–112, 114, 117, 118n14, 119n15, 121, 127, 129, 134–136, 268, 304n8, 312, 335–337, 339
eulogy (Chin. zan 讚) poem
by Yancong (彥悰)
231
by Yunshu (蘊述)
250
Eun (恵運)
113
exile
16, 198–223
Faguang Heshang (法光和尚)
101n51
Fahua sanmei chanyi (法華三昧懺儀)
143
family bonds
298
fan (梵)
94
India
Fan (蕃)
245
Fanxiang juan (梵像卷)
82n1, 98, 100–103, 105
fanyu (梵宇)
234n33
monasteries
Farong (法融)
270
Faru (法如)
310
Fatian (法天)
104
Faxian (法賢) see Fatian
Faxian (法顯)
4–7, 228n13, 229n17, 230–231
Faxiang (法相)
335
Fayun (法雲)
326
filial piety
355
Five Dynasties see period, Five Dynasties
five punishments (Chin. wuxing 五刑)
219
Fobao (佛寶)
100
foreigners
11, 32–33, 37–39, 46, 49, 90, 146, 231, 255, 298, 302, 319
four benefits (Chin. si li 四利)
366
foyan (佛言) see buddhavacana
Fozhe (佛逝) see Śrīvijaya
Fudō (不動)
16, 109–121, 125–136
Fujian (福建)
272, 275–276
Fushō (普照)
314–315
Gandhāra
4, 145n13, 173, 189
Gāndhārī
140–142, 148, 150, 153, 155, 158–160, 162, 164, 168, 171–173, 177–182, 187–190
Gangō-ji garan engi (元興寺伽藍縁起)
305
Gansu (甘肅)
4, 202, 205–206, 221, 236, 242n71
Gaochang (高唱) see Turfan
Geluofeng (閣邏鳳)
87–88
genealogy
271, 304
generals
67–68, 73–76, 80, 84, 104n59, 140, 235, 265
Gir see Aśokan edicts
goddesses
30, 45n43, 116
gods
14, 30, 45n43, 80, 104n59, 112, 134n32, 232, 262, 321–322, 324, 329, 360
Twelve devas
Gongdi (恭帝) see Zhao Xian
Goshichinichi no mishiho (後七日御修法) see ritual
Goya nenju (後夜念誦) see ritual
Goyuigō (御遺告)
119
Goyuigō daiji (御遺告大事)
116–117, 119
Gṛdhrakūṭa
237, 239, 246, 313, 315
Guanding (灌頂, Chinese monk)
309n25
guanding (灌頂, ‘consecration’)
95
abhiṣeka
Guangfu (廣府)
289
Guangzhou (廣州)
248n97, 249n99, 289n18, 289n19
Guanyin (觀音)
13, 16, 82, 100n501, 101–103, 105–106
Avalokiteśvara
Acuoye
82, 91–102, 105, 107
Guanyin De (觀音得)
100, 105
Guazhou (瓜洲)
199
Guilin (桂林)
220–221, 236, 248
Guiyang school (潙仰)
272
Guizhou (貴州)
81, 105
Gumon nikki (愚聞日記)
120
Guohai heshang (過海和尚) see Jianzhen
Guohai heshang taming (過海和尚塔銘)
312
Guru Lhakhang
76
Gyōhyō (行表)
310
Gyōshin (行信)
306
gyrfalcon (Chin. haidongqing 海東青)
220
habitus
340, 342n9
Haedong (海東)
276, 295
Korea
Haengjŏk (行寂)
293–294, 299–300
haiqing (海青) see gyrfalcon
Hangzhou (杭州)
196–199, 204n28, 209–210, 217, 219, 271, 313
Han Yu (韓愈)
227
Han (漢) see Chinese; court, Han; Dynasty, Han
healthcare
344
Heian see period, Heian
He Jun (贺均) see Esen Qutug
He Weiyi (贺惟一) see Tuoba Taiping
Heze Shenhui (菏澤神會) see Shenhui
Hōkyō (宝篋) see Rendō
Hongch’ŏk (洪陟)
272
Hongjik (洪直)
272n44
Hongjing (弘景)
312
Hongren (宏仁)
286
Hongren (弘忍)
269–270, 310n26
Hongzhou (洪州)
270–271, 290, 292, 300
honzon (本尊) see icon
horses
36, 104–105, 110, 197, 320
Hōshō (宝生, Skt. Ratnasambhava)
118, 120
Hossō (法相)
317
hu (胡)
94
Central Asia
Huairang (懷讓)
270, 271n39, 272
Huaizhou (懷州) see Qinyang (沁陽)
Huayan (華嚴)
263n23, 280, 293, 335
Huguang (湖廣)
219–220
Huichao (慧超)
230, 243–246
Huijiao (慧皎)
260, 326
Huike (慧可)
310n26
Huili (慧立)
231
Huineng (慧能)
14, 269–270, 272, 274, 286, 289n18, 289n20, 292, 296–297, 311n29
Huirui (慧睿)
86n12
huisheng (慧生) (Skt. *prajñājāta)
141
Huisi (慧思)
18, 301–304, 306–319
Huitian (慧天) see Wuxing
Huiyuan (慧遠)
240, 357
Hui Zong (惠宗) see Toghon Temür
humanity
327n40, 275
ren
Hu Shi (胡適)
227
Hwaŏm see Huayan
Hyech’o (慧超, aka Hye-cho 惠超)
243, 268, 283
Hyech’ŏl (慧徹)
272, 299–300
Hyehyŏn (慧顯)
261
Hyeso (慧昭)
274n56, 299–300
Hyŏngwang (玄光)
280
Hyŏnnul (玄訥)
271
Hyŏnuk (玄昱)
272, 299
Ichiji Kinrin (一字金輪)
130, 132, 135
icon, primary (Jap. honzon 本尊)
120, 131n28
identity
formation
18, 254
groups
321–322
normative
326
permanence in change
341
sectarian
298, 304
trans-cultural
298
immigrants
221, 301n1, 305
Imperial Preceptor (Chin. dishi 帝師)
196, 216–217
incantations
336, 339, 365
India Buddhism, in India
as a barbarian region
227, 228n4, 245
Chinese words for (tianzhu 天竺; dan 丹; fan 梵)
94, 101, 193, 234n33, 238n44
Eastern
5, 9, 21–22, 28, 45, 155
Northern
30
Northwest
244
Southern
86n12, 118n14, 193, 217n71
Indian
monks
91, 94, 96–98, 101, 106, 228, 252n111
patriarchs
270, 302
pilgrims
252, 293n34
Indo-European
137
Indra
30n18, 163n40
inner reality (Jap. naishō 内証)
116–118, 124, 126
inscriptions Aśokan inscriptions; stele
beixia ti (碑下題)
308n17
formulaic
287
Korean
273–274
panegyric
287
Jagdishpur
25n11
Jainas
322–323, 338
Jaipurgarh
28n17
Jālaṅdhara
328n32
Jambudvīpa
244
Japan
China and
7, 16, 18, 75n21, 127, 135, 303–305, 316, 319
inferior to China
253, 318–319
texts brought to
104, 111, 113, 122, 124, 135, 312
jewelled banner (Jap. hōdō 宝幢)
121, 125
Jiang Cai (薑才)
199n10
Jiangling (江陵) see Jingzhou
Jiangnan shijiao zongtongsuo (江南釋教總統所)
196
Jiangxi (江西) see Hongzhou
Jiankang (建康)
220–221
Jianzhen (鑑真)
18, 303, 308–309, 311–316, 318–319
Jieyang (揭陽縣)
216
Jindi (晉地)
231n23
China
Jingangzhi (金剛智) see Vajrabodhi
Jing (靜)
275
Jingjiang (靜江) see Guilin
Jingūhō narabi ni shinbutsu itchi shō (神宮方并神仏一致抄)
131n28
Jingzhao (京兆)
217
Jingzhong Shenhui (淨眾神會)
101n51
Jingzhong school (淨衆)
269
Jingzhou (荊州)
220
Jīvaka
344, 357
Jñānagupta
144–145, 148, 151–152, 157, 159, 161–162, 164, 167–168, 176–177
Jōgū Kōtaishi bosatsu den (上宮皇太子菩 薩伝)
308
Situo
Jōgū Shōtoku Taishi hōō teisetsu (上宮聖徳太子法王帝説)
305
Jōgū Taishi shūi ki (上宮太子拾遺記)
307n16, 309
Jōjin (成尋)
111n7, 282
junmin wanhu fu (軍民萬戶府)
206
Jurchen
200n11, 205, 220
Kaccha
160, 328n32
Kaktŏk (覺德)
258, 266
Kakukai (覚海)
110n4
Kakuzen (覚禅)
113, 134
Kakuzenshō (覚禅鈔)
113–114, 118, 122, 123n20, 123n21, 125, 134–135
Kālandaveṇuvana (Chin. Jialantuo zhuyuan 迦蘭陀竹苑)
239n51
Kālidāsa
244
Kaliṅga (Chin. Jialingjia 伽陵伽)
155, 238n45, 328n32
kalyāṇamitra
249, 291
Kaṇṭhaka
320
Kanyākubja
328n32
Karakorum range passage (Chin. Xuanlu 懸路)
243
karma
1, 214, 222, 243, 247
Karma Gardri style (Tib. Kar ma sgar bris)
57
Karmapa
II, Karma Pakshi (Tib. Kar ma Pak shi)
218–219
V, Deshin Shekpa (Tib. De bzhin gShegs pa)
52–53, 77
IX, Wangchuk Dorje (Tib. dBang phyug rDo rje)
58
XIV, Thekchok Dorje (Tib. Theg mchog rDo rje)
15, 57, 77–78
karmic return
342, 356–358, 365, 367–369
kāṣāya
50, 204, 279
Kathapa East
34, 36, 50
Kenkairon (顕戒論)
308–309, 317
Saichō
Khadalik
139
Kham
52, 217
Kharakhoto
23, 26, 37, 50, 73, 76
Khayishan see Qan, Külüg
Khitan
11, 13
Khojar Dukhang (Tib. Kho char ’du khang)
76
Kim Chijang (金地藏) see Kim, Ven.
Kim Taebi (金大悲)
272, 274n56
Kim Ŭich’ong (金義宗), Prince
295
Kim, Ven. (金和尚)
292
Kingdom Bactria; Bagan; Kucha; Śrīvijaya
Dachanghe (大長和)
97
Da Fengmin guo (大封民國)
94n33
Dali (大理) see Dali
Dian (滇)
84–85
foreign (Chin. fanguo 蕃國)
94
“Middle Kingdom” (中國)
17, 228
Nanzhao (南詔)
15–16, 81–83, 86–102, 105–107
Shan Shan (鄯善)
150n23, 172n49, 187
small kingdoms (Chin. zhao 詔)
87
Tangut (Chin. Xi Xia 西夏)
197
Unified Silla (新羅)
255–256, 267, 283, 289n13
Kinrin see Ichiji Kinrin
Kōbō Daishi (弘法大師) see Kūkai
Köden (Chin. Kuoduan 闊端)
205
Kōgei (皇慶)
121n17, 122–124
Koguryǒ (高句麗)
255–261
Korea, Three Kingdoms
Kōjō (光定)
18, 308–311, 317
Kongōsatta (金剛薩埵, Skt. Vajrasattva)
121, 133–134
Kongque mingwang jing (孔雀明王經)
Koṅkanāpura
328n32
Korea
crossing the sea to
275
Eastern Barbarians
274, 277
relations with China (tribute–investiture model)
17, 253, 254n4, 255, 298
Three Kingdoms
254–255, 258
Korean Buddhism
221, 254–255, 260, 277–279, 281, 285, 289n12
marginal position of
278
Korean Sŏn Buddhism
282–286, 289n13, 290, 294, 298
Koryŏ Taejanggyŏng Yŏn’guso
276n58
krodha
26n15, 42, 50, 141, 368n78
Kṣudrakavastu
324
Kubyauk-gyi
30, 42, 46, 49
Kucha
137, 146n15, 159, 172n49
Kuiji (窺基)
240n56, 278
Kūkai (覚海)
110
Kūkai (空海)
113, 119, 123, 128, 283, 314
Kulika see Kurikara
Kulūta
328n32
Kumārajīva
16, 103, 137–138, 141–149, 151, 153–154, 156–165, 167–168, 170–172, 176–179, 181, 183–191, 194
Kunduz
328n32
Künga Lödro Gyeltsen (Tib. Kun dga’ blo gros rgyal mtshan)
217
Künga (Tib. Kun dga’)
217–219
Kunming (昆明)
84, 85n7, 91
Kunmön (Tib. Kun smon)
218–219
Kurikara (倶利伽羅)
112, 121, 125–127, 130, 131n28, 132, 135
Kuśala see Qan, Khutughtu
kuyi (苦役) see slaves
Kuśīnagara
39, 242n73
Lakhi Sarai
25n11
Laṅgala
328n32
language Sanskrit
of early Buddhism (langue précanonique)
191
logographic/phonographic
146
Laos
81
lazhang (拉章, Tib. la drang)
217
Leh
78
Let-put-kan
42–44, 50
Lha btsun (Chin. hezun 合尊)
16, 198, 199n8, 207, 210, 213n57, 214n60
Li Guanyin De (李觀音得)
105
lineage
Chan
101, 260, 290, 310
Khon
217
zhaomu (佋穆)
93, 270
Li Tingzhi (李庭芝)
199n10
Liang Su (梁肅)
312
Liaoyang (遼陽)
219
Linjian lu (林間錄)
277n61
liu (流) see exile
Lokapaññati
50
Longguo furen (隆國夫人) see Wang Zhaoyi
Lotus Sūtra
16, 82, 91, 100n50, 102–103, 105, 120n16, 147n17, 189, 239n54, 240n56, 240n57, 247n93, 261, 306, 313–315, 317
Pumen pin (普門品, ‘Universal Salvation Chapter’)
82, 100n50, 102–103, 105
luanyu (鑾輿) see Emperor
Luosheng (邏盛)
87, 91, 94
Luoyang (洛陽)
310
Luyuan (鹿苑, Skt. Mṛgadāva)
243n75
Lüzong (律宗) see Vinaya school
Maek (貊) see Korea, Three Kingdoms
Magadha
144n12, 189n67, 228, 322, 324, 328n32
Magu Baoche (麻谷寶徹)
272, 274
Mahabalipuram
94n32
Mahākāśyapa (Chin. Mohejiaye 摩訶迦葉)
312n31, 36
Mahāmoggallāna
39
Mahāpratisarā-vidyārājñī See dhāraṇī
Mahārāja (Chin. Moheluocuo 摩訶羅嵯)
95, 101n51
Mahārāṣṭra
94n32, 328n32
Mahāsāṃghika
325–327, 330, 342n10, 351, 360
Mahāsaṃnipātasūtra
326
Mahāvairocana see Dainichi
Mahāyāna
11, 126, 135, 156, 187, 205, 240n56, 241n66, 247n93, 316, 326–328, 331–333, 336, 338
Mahīśāsaka
325–326, 343n10
Maitreya
26n15, 30n18, 53, 64, 73, 79, 90, 93, 121, 267, 285, 306
Majjhima Nikāya
141
Mālānanda (Chin. Moluonanduo 摩羅難陀)
257
Maldives
84
maṇḍala (Chin. manchaluo 曼荼羅)
Aizen’ō/Aizen (愛染)
121–129, 135
Bhaiṣajyaguru
60, 73–74, 76–77, 79
lotus
25n12
Miroku (弥勒)
120
Shōugyōhō (請雨経法)
130
Sonshō (尊勝)
120
Vajra-realm (Jap. Kongōkai mandara 金剛界曼荼羅)
115–118
Womb (Jap. Taizō mandara胎蔵曼荼羅)
115–118
Mañjuśrī (Chin. Wenshushili 文殊室利)
60, 62, 69, 73, 79, 146n15, 252, 267–268, 289, 293–294, 337
mantra
105, 116n11, 132–134, 162–164, 183, 368
hhūm
131, 133
oṃ krodhāya svāhā
368
Mantra Kings (Jap. myōō 明王)
109
Fudō; Aizen; krodha
manuscripts
Gilgit
143–144, 147, 158, 184–185, 189–190
Central Asian
141, 143–144, 147, 162, 178, 184–185
Man (滿)
52, 274
Manzi (蠻子, Tib. sman rtse)
210, 212, 216
mappō
305
dharma
Māra’s army
45–46
marks of a Buddha
main marks (Skt. lakṣaṇa)
250n104
minor marks (Skt. anulakṣaṇa)
250
masked dance festival (Tib. ’cham)
15, 57
Mathurā
328n32
Mātṛkāpiṭaka see abhidharma
mātṛkā see abhidharma
meditation see concentration
Meghadūta
244
Menander (Chin. Milan 彌蘭)
138
Mengshe (蒙舍)
87
Miaofa lianhua jing (妙法蓮華經) see Lotus Sūtra
Middle Indic
138, 180, 191
military
colony farm labour (Chin. duntian 屯田)
222
conscription
222
service
337n75
Ming Zong (明宗) see Qan, Khutughtu
Minnanthu
32, 50
mirror-image (Jap. kyōzō 鏡像)
301n1
Mogao caves
243
monasteries
Baolin ( 寶林寺)
289n20
Baotan (寶壇寺)
289
Chongsheng (崇聖寺)
23, 90
Dacien (大慈恩寺)
231
Dafuxian (大福先寺)
310
Daigoji (醍醐寺)
113–114, 116, 118–119, 121, 128–131, 132n30, 134
Drotsang Dorjechang (Tib. Gro tshang rdo rje ‘chang) see monasteries, Qutan
Enryakuji (延暦寺)
123, 125
Fazang (法藏寺)
103–104
Gonge (功德寺)
212n50
Guangsheng (廣胜寺)
75
Hemis
78
Kaiyuan (開元寺)
290, 292, 300
Kajūji (勧修寺)
114
Kiyomizudera (清水寺)
123n21
Korzok (Tib. dKor zog dgon pa)
57–69, 72–74, 76–78
Mahābodhi (Chin. Moheputi si 摩訶菩 提寺)
12, 86, 243
Miidera (三井寺)
121n18, 123
Ninnaji (仁和寺)
123
ownership of
356n42
public
343, 368–369
Qutan (瞿曇寺)
52, 54–55
Sakya (Tib. Sa skya)
199, 205, 207–208, 210–211, 215–218
Sera (Tib. Se ra)
52–53, 56
Shaolin (少林)
292, 300
Tianjie (天界寺)
212n51
Tōdaiji (東大寺)
313
Tōshōdaiji (唐招提寺)
313
Wuta (五塔寺)
74
Yangzhou Dayun (揚州大雲寺)
312
Yangzhou Longxing (揚州龍興寺)
311
Yuquan (玉泉寺)
312
Zhaoqing (招慶)
275
Zhengzhi (正智寺)
203
monastic
affiliation
18
bad deed (Skt. duṣkṛta)
347, 352, 358
biographies
17, 255, 260, 280
bodily care
18, 340–342, 344, 349, 351–352, 359, 364, 367, 369
code
316, 324, 328, 338, 342
community
11, 327, 340–343, 346–347, 350, 352, 355, 356n42, 357, 359, 367
decorum
362
lawmakers
343, 353
mealtimes
352–353, 366
orchestra
58, 76
precepts
363
robe
351, 365
saṃghāvaśeṣa
360
saṃkakṣikā
347–348
silence
348, 352–353, 366
sleep
341, 349, 352, 354, 359–361, 366–367, 369
body, purity of the; prātimokṣa
Mongolia, Inner (Chin. Neidi 內地)
201–202
Mongolian
hats
47
hunters
46–47
monks
in search of the dharma (Kor. kubŏpsŭng 求法僧)
230–231, 259
foreign (Chin. huseng胡僧)
naked foreign
11, 90, 255, 298
mountains
Hiei (比叡山)
123
Heng (衡山)
308, 311
Jiuhua (九華山)
269
Liupan (六盤山)
197
Murō (室生山)
117, 118n14, 128
Shibao (石寶山)
90, 93, 98, 102
Shizhai (石寨山)
84n5, 85n7
Tian (天山)
202n19
Tiantai (天台山)
123, 300
Wei (巍山)
91
Wutai (五臺山)
14, 74, 252, 267, 289n17, 293, 300
Mubo (木波)
204–206
see Zhao Xian
Müdegen (Chin. Mengdagan 門達干, Budagan 布達干), younger sister of
217n72
mudrā
añjali
95
karma
133
samaya
133
Mūlasarvāstivādavinaya
248n94, 325n20, 343, 351, 361–364, 367
Kṣudrakavastu
mundap see encounter dialogue
murals
15, 21–23, 26–27, 30, 32, 34–35, 40–42, 45–46, 48, 50–51
Musang school (無相)
269, 276, 292, 300
Muyŏm (無染)
272–274, 299
Myinkaba
30, 50
Myŏngjŏk see Toŭi
nāga
36, 100n50, 185n62, 238n45, 329
dragon
Nāga river
238
Nairañjana river (Chin. Longhe 龍河)
237n42, 238n45, 242n72
naiyuan (柰苑) see monasteries
Nalanda
4, 8–9, 25n11
Nandamanya
34, 36, 38, 50
Nangaku Eshi see Nanyue Huisi
Nanjing
52, 74, 77, 212, 220, 256
Nanquan Puyuan (南泉普願)
272, 274
Nanshan school (南山)
261
Nanyue Si chanshi famen zhuan (南岳思禪師法門傳) see biography, of Huisi
Nanyue Huisi (南岳慧思)
301, 306–307
biography, of Huisi
Nanzhao
15–16, 81–83, 86–102, 105–107
Nengren (能仁) see Śākyamuni
network
conceptual
16, 108–109, 111, 127–128, 132n29, 135–136
nodes
6, 82, 86
theory
82–83
traffic
82
translocal human
16
vertical
52, 108, 109n2, 129
networks
Dali to China
81–83, 86, 101–102, 104
Dali to Pyu
97
irrigation
83
Ming Chinese to Tibet
221
pilgrimage
11, 83
religious
83, 98
social
18, 220n80, 341
textual
104–105
transregional
81, 83
Yunnan to India
98
neyārtha see sūtra
Nihon shoki (日本書紀)
256, 259n11, 303n6, 305, 319
Nine Mountain Schools see Sŏn
nirmāṇakāya (Chin. huashen 化身)
251
nītārtha see sūtra
Niya
149, 150n23, 159, 172n49, 173, 187
Norbulingka
53
Nurgan (奴兒干)
220
orality
262, 265, 332, 356, 358, 361n58
orthopraxis
330
Pacification Commission see Xuanwei si
Paekche (百濟)
255–259, 261
Korea, Three Kingdoms
pagoda stūpa
Baota shi (寶塔詩)
237n42
Fotu (佛圖塔)
103
Qianxun (千尋塔)
90, 93, 100, 102
Three Pagodas of the Chongsheng Temple
23
Treasure Pagoda
91
Xiaoyan (小雁塔)
93
painting
21–23, 25n11, 26, 28, 32, 37, 47, 53, 56–58, 69, 73, 75–76, 78, 98, 102, 124, 130, 267, 277
Pakpa Lama (Tib. ’Phags pa)
197, 216
Palembang see Śrīvijaya
Pāli Nikāyas
325
Dīghanikāya; Saṅgitisutta
Paramārtha
327
Parthian
137–138
Parvata
328n32
passions (Jap. bonnō 煩悩)
126
patriarchs
of Chan
14, 98, 304
Chinese
18, 269–270, 274, 301–302, 314–315, 318
foreignness of
302, 319
Indian
270, 302
Meditation/Meditator
306, 310
P’ayak (波若)
261
people
artisans
1, 82, 93, 102, 105, 126, 198, 240
craftsmen
1, 22, 198
foreigners (Chin. yiyu ren 異域人)
32–33, 37, 39, 49, 231
refugees
198
slaves
198, 222
peoples
Ailao (哀牢)
84–86, 88
Hani (哈尼)
87
Khitan (Chin. Qidan 契丹)
11, 13, 220n79
Mosuo (摩梭)
87
Nanzhao (南詔)
15–16, 81–83, 86–107
Tanguts
11, 13, 23, 29, 76, 104n60, 196–197, 199, 205, 221
Wu-Yue (吳越)
269n34, 271, 277, 279–280, 282
period Dynasty, Koryŏ
Aśokan
322–323, 325–326, 332–333, 338
Aśoka; Aśokan edicts
Činggizid
197
Edo (江戸)
110n4
Five Dynasties (Chin. wudai 五代)
276, 280
Jingde (景得)
272n42, 274n56, 280, 281n72, 286n10, 294
Kamakura (鎌倉)
110n4, 114–115, 124, 130–131
Qianfeng (乾封)
278
Sui-Tang (隋唐)
7–9, 13, 81–83, 85–91, 93–94, 96–97, 102, 105–107, 111, 113, 123–124, 227, 230, 233, 237n42, 238n43, 246, 252, 254, 256, 259, 265, 303, 309, 312, 314, 316–317, 335, 337
Xuande (宣德)
53
Yangjia (陽嘉)
237n40
Yanyou (延祐)
212
Yongle (永樂)
52–54, 77
Zhiyuan (至元)
201, 205n31
Zhizhi (至治)
209, 211
Phyang Village
76
pianwen (駢文) see writing, parallel prose
Piluoge (皮羅閣)
87–88
platform (Chin. tai 臺)
129–130, 132, 201n19, 239, 263, 266–267, 289n17, 313
ritual
poem
17, 200n11, 200n13, 201–204, 206, 209, 212, 230–231, 233–239, 241–247, 250, 252, 308, 317
poetic anthology
Baota shi (寶塔詩)
237
death (Chin. shang 傷)
241–342
Fuqiu daoren zhaohunge (浮丘道人招 魂歌)
201n15
Jian ying fogu biao (諫迎佛骨表)
227n1
Lisao (離騷)
237
of mixed metre (Chin. zayan shi 雜言詩)
237
Pingyuan jungong yeyan yuexia dai Yingguo gong gui yufu (平原郡公夜宴月下待瀛國公歸寓府)
200n13
prose preface (Chin. xu 序)
237
Shengwan Wenchengxiang (生挽文丞相)
201n15
Sichou (四愁)
235
thirteen poems by Wang Yuanliang (汪元量)
200–206, 209
to Zhengu (貞固)
247–250
Zeng seng Yagong (贈僧崖公)
234n35
poetic anthology poem
Chuci (楚辭)
237
Quan Tangshi (全唐詩)
234n35, 237n42, 240n55
Sui quanshi (隋全詩)
237n42
Wenxuan (文選)
235, 237
political
advisors
333, 336, 338–339
authority
306, 334
boundaries
298
networks
221, 333, 339
purges
201n14, 220
structure
88
Pŏmil (梵日)
272, 294–300
Pŏpsŏng (法性) see Faxiang
population
movements
197–198
nomad
57
porcelain
51
Prabhūtaratna
91, 239n54
Prajñā
100n47
Prajñādeva (Chin. Boretipo 般若提婆) see Wuxing
Prakāśamati (Chin. Banjiashemodi 般伽舍 末底) see Xuanzhao
Prakrit
16, 137–145, 147–153, 155–194
Prakritisms
139, 141, 143, 144n12, 145, 184, 187, 190
conjunct assimilations
188
intervocalic lenition
187
Pratibhānakūṭa
65, 73
prātimokṣa
325n22, 327n30, 328–330, 345n21
prime ministers (Chin. qingpingguan 清平官)
13, 97
Prince Shōtoku see Shōtoku Taishi
Prince Takahito (尊仁) see Emperor Gosanjō
Prince Umayado (厩戸皇子) see Shōtoku Taishi
Principle (Jap. ri 理)
114–116, 117n13, 121, 125–126, 129
Puji (普寂)
310, 312
Puṇḍravarddhana
328
Pūṇṇako (Chin. Fennake 分那柯)
139
pure position (Chin. jing zuo 淨坐)
358
purity (Chin. qingjing 清淨)
18, 342–344, 355–359, 361–369
duan hui (斷穢)
141
Puyǒ (夫餘) see Korea, Three Kingdoms
Qan
Buyantu
220–221
Činggiz
197
Gegeen
199, 209, 215
Jayaatu
220
Khutughtu
220
Külüg
220
Möngke
218
Ögedei
205
Qara Qorum
196
Qiantangjiang (錢塘江)
312
Qieyun (切韻)
138n2, 156n30, 157, 171
Qilian (祁連)
202n19, 242n71
Qinyang (沁陽)
220–221
Qiongzhou (瓊州)
220
Qipchaq
198
Qishanding (祇山頂) see Gṛdhrakūṭa
Qiulong (酋龍) see Shilong
Quanzhou (泉州)
271n39, 272, 275
Quan taihou (全太后), Empress Dowager
199, 201, 203, 204n27, 211–212
qusheng (去聲) (‘falling tone’)
103
Qu Yuan (屈遠)
237
Rāgarāja see Aizen
Rājagṛha
238, 239n48, 242n72, 324–325
Rāmagrāma
36
Ratnasambhava see Hōshō
rebirth
240n56, 242n70, 310–311, 313, 322
Red Annals (Chin. 紅史 hongshi)
206n36, 207, 208n39, 209, 217n73, 218n75, 218n76
relative truth (Kor. yong 用)
292
religious
exchanges
253, 298
groups
128, 322, 338
identity
198, 295, 298, 319
networks
83, 98
tolerance
196
Rendō (蓮道)
110n4
Renxiaowen, Empress (仁孝文)
77
Ren Zong (仁宗) see Qan, Buyantu
ren (仁) (‘humanity’)
275, 362
Ṛg Veda
322
ritual
dado-hō (駄都法)
119
Goya nenju (後夜念誦)
120
Great Platform (Jap. Daidanpō 大壇法)
129–130, 132n30
Latter Seven-day (Jap. Goshichinichi no mishiho 後七日御修法)
119, 120n16
Placation of Serpents (Jap. Byakujahō 避虵法)
120n16
Rain Prayer Sūtra (Jap. Shōugyōhō 請雨経法)
121, 135–136
shuhō (修法)
129n27
Subjugation (Jap. Ōsashihyōhō 奥砂子平)
120n16, 132, 280
wish-fulfilling jewel (Jap. nyoi hōju 如意宝珠)
119, 120n16
rivers
Gaṅgā
25n10, 243n73
Hiraṇyavatī
242n73
Nairañjanā
237n42, 238n45, 242n72
Yamunā
243n73
Rupshu (Tib. Ru shod)
57
sacrifice
84n5
saddharma
321, 329
Saddharmapuṇḍarīka see Lotus Sūtra
Saichō (最澄)
18, 283, 303–304, 308–310, 316–319
Śākyamuni
25, 28, 42, 91, 101n51, 229, 241n62, 313, 315, 333, 338
Sakya Paṇḍita
218
Samādhi
143, 314–315
Samantabhadra
337
Samantabhadrācāryapraṇidhānarāja
337n71
Samarkand
198
saṃbhogakāya (Chin. baoshen 報身)
251
Saṃghavarman
139
saṃgīti see Buddhist synod
Saṅgitisutta
330n37
Sangyō gisho (三経義疏)
306
Sanron (三論)
317
Sanskrit
9, 16, 83, 93, 97, 104–105, 119, 138–145, 147–148, 150, 152–156, 158–159, 161–175, 178–179, 181, 183–187, 189–191, 204–205, 213, 214n58, 217n71, 241, 329, 336n64, 338, 343n11, 368n78
in Dali
104–105
mixed
139
as ‘sacred’ language
336
Sanskritisations
139, 143–145, 155, 170, 188n67, 189–190
Śāriputra (Chin. Shelizi 舍利子)
361, 364, 367
Sariputta
39
Śāriputra
Sarvāstivādavinaya
321n3, 324, 325n20, 342n10, 343–344, 346–347, 351
scripture
miaodian (妙典)
247
twelve categories of
326
Seizon (成尊)
113, 128, 136
Sengcan (僧璨)
310n26
Senglang (僧郞)
256, 258
Sengyou (僧祐)
326, 355–356
Seven oceans (Chin. qihai 七海)
240
Shākya Yeshe (Tib. Shākya ye shes)
53, 57, 60, 77
Shangdu (上都)
196, 199, 201, 202n19, 211
Shanmiao (善妙)
280
Shaodi (少帝) see Zhao Xian
Shaozhou (韶州)
297, 311n29
Shazhou (沙州) see Dunhuang
Shengdeng (省澄)
271, 275
shengjiao (聖教)
94
Buddhism
shengtian (生田)
242
Shenhui (神會)
101n51, 270, 286
Shenxiu (神秀)
310
shenren (神人)
293
Shenzhou (神州)
234, 238n43, 238n46
China
Shichidaiki (Chin. Qidai ji 七代記) see biography, of Huisi
Shidebala (碩德八剌) see Qan, Gegeen
Shi Huiying (釋慧英)
237n42
Shili fozhe (室利佛逝) see Śrīvijaya
Shilong (世隆)
91
Shingon (真言)
16, 109–115, 118–121, 123–125, 128–129, 131–132, 134–136
Mikkyō (密教)
109, 117, 118n13, 126n23, 131n28
Ono (小野) lineage
16, 113–114, 128–129, 131, 135–136
rainmaking
16, 119n15, 121, 128, 131n29, 132
relic ritual
129, 131
and Tendai
111, 113, 121, 123, 125, 128, 135–136
ultimate secret teaching of
110
Shinsen’en (神泉苑)
128–129, 131
Shinto
131n28
shishu (事數)
336
Shitou (石頭)
270–271, 286, 291, 296, 299
Shōbō (聖宝)
113
Shōkaku (勝覚)
119n15, 134n33
Shōtoku Taishi (聖徳太子)
18, 301–309, 311, 313–315, 316n43, 317, 319
Shōtoku Taishi denryaku
Shōtoku Taishi denryaku (聖徳太子伝曆)
309
Shōtoku Taishi
Shōugyōhō (請雨経法) see ritual, Rain Prayer Sutra
Shuei (宗叡)
113
Shunhuazhen (舜化貞)
91
Shuzhou (舒州)
291
Sichuan (四川)
81, 84–86, 88, 90, 93–94, 101n51, 206, 269
Siddhārtha
320
Buddha
Sil pŏpsa (實法師)
261n16
silence (Chin. moran 默然) see monastic silence
silk
21n1, 22, 30, 32, 47, 53, 60, 74, 90n26, 231, 334n57
Silla (新羅)
253n2, 255–259, 261–268, 272–274, 277–278, 281–283, 284n2, 285–288, 289n16, 290, 292, 294–295, 297–298
Korea, Unified Silla
siṃhanāda (Chin. 獅子鳴)
251
Simhǔi (審希)
290
Sinitic
Buddhism
257, 259, 269, 280
culture
256
script
82, 85, 93, 104–105
world order
253
Sinnpflege (‘treatment of meaning’)
330
Śiṣyaka
328–329
Sithu III
32
Situo (思託)
18, 308–309, 313–316, 319
slaves (Chin. kuyi 苦役)
198, 222
social organisation
325
Sŏk Kwangjun (釋匡儁)
270
soldiers
45–46, 85, 199n10, 200n14, 202, 216, 218, 235
Sŏn Buddhism
282, 284–286, 289n13, 290, 298
Chan
Song
court/royal house
104, 200, 203, 277
loyalists
199–200
Northern
200n11, 209n45, 294
Southern
196, 199n8, 206, 210n48, 216, 366n68
Songzhu (宋主) see Zhao Xian
Sŏn
Mt. Kaiji School (迦智山門)
289, 299
Kusan Sŏnmun (九山禪門)
272, 289n13
Pongnim School (福林山門)
290, 299
Mt. Sagul (闍崛山)
293–294, 299
Southeast Asia
6–7, 11, 13–14, 81–85, 93–94, 96, 100n50, 106, 229, 250
spells see mantra, dhārāṇī
spiritual
141, 198, 284–290, 292, 294–298, 320, 359, 369
pedigree
288, 294
śrāmaṇera (‘novices’)
289, 347
śrāvaka (‘disciples’)
321
Śrāvakayāna
328, 333
Sri Lanka
2n1, 3n3, 6, 9, 11, 21–22, 26, 231
Śrīmālā, Queen
306, 314
Śrīvijaya
13, 94n32, 247, 249n99, 249n100, 250
Ssanggye-sa
274n56
state
monasteries
332
orthodoxy
334
preceptor (Chin. guoshi 國師)
196–197, 218n74
protection ritual/ceremonial
120
support
222
stele
25n11, 246n86, 268n33, 273, 274n56, 275, 282, 285, 287, 290–291, 293–294, 312–313
Dehua bei (德化碑)
91, 93
for Wang Renqiu (王仁求)
91
Sthaviravādin
325
stūpa
29, 36–37, 117–118, 243, 297
burning
265, 287
iron
118n14
made of the seven treasures (Chin. qibao ta 七寶塔)
239n54
suchness (Kor. chinnyo 真如)
291n28, 292n29
Sumatra see Śrīvijaya
Sǔngnang see Senglang
Sungyŏng (順璟)
277–278, 280
Sunji (順之)
272–273
Supreme Control Commission see zongzhiyuan
Suraṣṭra
328n32
Sūryaprabha (Tib. Nyi ltar snang byed)
63, 73–74, 77
sūtra dhāraṇī; Lotus Sūtra
Avataṃsaka
278
on Bathing Monks in the Bathhouse (Chin. Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing 溫室洗浴眾僧經)
356, 362
Bhaiṣajyaguru
73
Great S. of Three Thousand Dignified Observances of a Monk (Chin. Da biqiu sanqian weiyi 大比丘三千威儀)
348, 350, 353–354, 358
Mahāsamājasūtra
140
Mahāvadāna
251n107
Mahāvairocana
100n47, 110, 121
of the Most Wonderful Meditation (Chin. Zuimiao shengding jing 最妙勝定經)
301
of nītārtha
330n40
of neyārtha
330n40
Peahen dhāraṇī
131
Prajñāpāramitā (Chin. bore jing 般若經)
189, 240n56
Prajñāpāramitā Scripture for Humane Kings to Protect Their Countries
95, 98n45
Śrīmālā
306
sūtravibhaṅga
330
Vimalakīrti(-nirdeśa)
156, 306
Suvarṇadvīpa (Chin. Jinzhou 金洲)
249n99
Suzhou (蘇州)
217, 219
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitarō (鈴木大拙貞太郎)
227
Taizong (太宗)
8, 86–87, 233n29, 335
Tang Dynasty, Tang
Min state (閩)
269n34, 282
Tang-Song (唐宋)
81–82, 98n44, 102, 105–107, 111
Tang guoshi bu (唐國史補)
314n39
Tanshi (曇始)
260
biography, of Tanshi
Tarim Basin
137
tattoo (Chin. cizi 刺字)
222
Ta-tu see Dadu
Tayok-pyi-hpaya-gyi
26
temples
Loka-hteik-pan
22, 25
Mahābodhi
12, 86n12, 243
Mye-bon-tha-hpaya
22
Patho-hta-mya
22
Temür, Emperor
212, 215, 217, 220–221
Tendai (天台)
301, 304, 306, 309, 311, 316–319
ten perfect rules (Chin. shifa 十法)
241n66, 241n67
textiles
15, 22, 47, 53, 57–58, 60, 69, 73–74, 76–77
Textpflege (‘textual treatment’)
330
Thai
87
Thambula
24, 26–28, 32–36, 50
Thamuti-hpaya
26, 28, 50
thangka (Tib. thang ka)
26n15, 50, 57, 77
Theravāda
11, 22, 45
three bodies see dharmakāya; nirmāṇakāya; saṃbhogakāya
threefold refuge (Skt. triśaraṇa)
334
three good things (Chin. san shan 三善)
366
Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Saṅgha)
293n34, 358, 364
Three Kingdoms see Korea
Three Learnings
265
three-life stone (Jap. Sansheng shi 三生石)
306, 313
Three Stages Sect (Chin. Sanjie jiao 三階教)
335
Three Worthies (Jap. sanzon 三尊)
117, 118n14
Tianwang (天王, Skt. devarāja)
100n47
Tibet Tubo, Xiyu
Central
52, 78
and China
104n60, 197–198, 209, 214, 216–218, 221–223
Eastern
57, 78, 217
and the Yuan court
74, 222
Tibetan
Khon family
216–217
royals exiled to China
216–219
and Tangut monks
196–197, 221
territory
197
tin
84
Tō daioshō tōseiden (唐大和上東征伝)
308
Toghon Temür
220–221
Tokharestan (Chin. Tuhuoluo 吐火羅)
245
tombs
84–85, 201n19, 279n66, 297
Tongcheng county (通城縣)
291
T’onghyo (通曉) see Pŏmil
tōryū setsu (東流說) see dharma
Toŭi (道義)
272, 273n51, 274, 289–290, 293, 299–300
Touzi Datong (投子大同)
291
Toyun (道允)
272, 274, 299
tradition
Chan (禅)
303–304, 344n15
Korean Sŏn (禅)
289n12, 294n37
ordination
268
Shingon
115
Vedic
322, 336, 339
vinaya
265, 349n28, 360n56
written
331n46, 332
Trailokyavijaya (Jap. Gōzanze 降三世)
120
translation
Amoghavajra’s
96, 112, 113n8, 123n21, 139
Dharmarakṣa’s
141–146, 148, 151, 155, 159–161, 163–164, 166, 168–172, 174, 176–180, 182, 184–185, 247n93
geyi (格義)
335–336
Zhao Xian’s (趙㬎)
213
transliteration
16, 137–138, 140–141, 146, 148, 151, 154, 156n30, 159, 165, 167, 169, 177, 184–185, 187, 190–191, 343n10
Kumārajīva’s
103, 137–138, 144, 146, 165, 167, 184–185, 190–191
transmission
between Chan and vinaya
310, 312
Chan Lü hu chuan (禪律互傳)
312
Chan/Sŏn/Zen (禅)
284–285, 287
mind to mind (Chin. chuanxin 傳心)
284
oral
323, 329
outside the established teaching (Chin. waijiao biechuan 外教別傳)
284
process
140–142, 186, 189–190
records
260, 269
secret
291
Sino-Japanese
301, 303–304, 307, 318–319
Trāyastriṃśa Heaven
262
trikāya (Chin. sanshen 三身) see three bodies
tripiṭaka
8, 18, 231, 300, 326–332, 338, 356
abhidharma; sūtra; vinaya
Tsering Tashi (Tib. Tshe ring bkra shis)
57
Tsomori, Lake
57–58, 78
Tubo (土番) see Tibet
Tugh Temür
212, 220–221
Tuoba Taiping (拓跋太平)
207
tuoluoni (陀羅尼) see dhāraṇī
Tuosima (脫思麻, 脫思馬)
205n32
Amdo
Turfan
5, 323n26
Twelve devas (Jap. jūniten 十二天)
130
two rivers (Chin. lianghe 兩河)
242–243
Udraka Rāmaputra
320
Udyāna
328n32
Ŭich’ŏn (義天)
280, 295
Ŭisang (義湘)
263n23, 268, 279–280, 283, 285n5
Ujjayanī
328n32
unification
13, 254–256, 259, 267, 277, 335
Upagupta
48–49
Upāli
324
Upālisutta
141
Upaniṣads
322–323
uṣṇīṣa
26
Ü-Tsang (Tib. dBus gtsang)
206n33, 218n74
Vairocana (Chin. Bilouyena 鞞樓耶那)
140
Vaiśālī
243n73, 325
vajra
42, 73, 76, 103–104, 112–113, 115–118, 125, 133–134
Vajrabodhi
112, 268
vajrāsana (Chin. juezuo 覺座)
26, 29, 251
Vajrasattva see Kongōsatta
Vedic tradition
322–323, 336, 339
vinaya monastic; prātimokṣa
and highbrow Chinese culture
265
‘canonizing’ function
331
commentaries
364
Dharmaguptaka
343n10
eṣa dharma eṣa vinaya idaṃ śāstuḥ śāsanam
325
Mahīśāsaka
325n20, 326, 343
Mahāsāṃghika
325n20, 326, 343n10
masters
234, 312, 345, 366n68
Mūlasarvāstivāda
238n42, 238n45, 362
observance
266
Sarvāstivāda
325n20, 343n10
school (Chin. Lüzong 律宗)
261, 329
texts
321, 324–325, 330, 343–344, 346, 352n32, 366n67
Vipārśvagiri (Chin. Guangxie 廣脇)
239n53
Vipulagiri (Chin. Pibuluoshan 毘布羅山)
239n53
Vṛji
328n32
Vulture Peak see Gṛdhrakūṭa
waijiao biechuan (外教別傳) see transmission
Wakhan (Chin. Humi 胡蜜)
245
Wang, Commander (王太尉)
272n43
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Go (王暠)
215
Wang Qinghui (王清惠) see Wang Zhaoyi
Wang Renqiu (王仁求)
91
Wang Shenzhi (王審知)
272n43
Wang Xuance (王玄策)
8, 242, 246
Wang Yuanliang (汪元量)
200–201, 203–204, 206, 209
poems
Wang Zhaoyi (王昭儀)
201–203
Wanla Sumtsek
76
wanzi 萬字 (Skt. svastika)
251n106
Weizang sanlu junmin wanhu (衛藏三路軍民萬戶)
218
Wendeng (文僜)
271n39, 275
Wen Tianxiang (文天祥)
200–201
Wen Zong (文宗) see Qan, Jayaatu
Wenguang (文光)
366n68
Western Regions see Central Asia; Tibet
wisdom (Jap. e 恵; Jap. chi 智)
109, 112–113, 115–116, 118, 121, 125–128, 131, 141, 193, 233, 240n56, 249, 265, 365–366
wish-fulfilling jewel (Jap. nyoi hōju 如意 宝珠)
119, 120n16
Wŏn’an (圓安)
261
Wŏnch’ŭk (圓測)
268, 277–278, 280
Wŏngwang (圓光)
17, 259, 261, 263, 265–266, 281–282
Wŏnsŭng (圓勝)
261n16
woodblocks
276n58
writing
Brahmic
323–324, 336, 338–339
Kharoṣṭhī
142, 145, 159, 162n38, 171, 173, 189
lantsa
74n17
parallel prose (Chin. pianwen 駢文)
273
Wuguocheng (五國城)
220n79
Wukong (武空)
230
Wusizang (烏斯藏) see Ü-Tsang
Wuxing (無行) (Skt. Prajñādeva)
8, 239
wuxing (五刑) (‘five punishments’)
219
Wuxue (無學)
291
Wu-Yue (吳越)
269, 271, 277, 279–280, 282
Wu Zetian (武則天)
303, 335
Wuzhu (無住)
269, 274n54, 292
Wu Zong (武宗) see Qan, Külüg
Xanadu see Shangdu
Xi’an (西安) see Chang’an
Xianbei (鮮卑) see Korea, Three Kingdoms
Xianghe (祥河) see Nairañjana
Xianzhe Mai Chuncuo (賢者買純嵯)
101n51
xianzhou (仙洲)
234n33
India
Xiao Tong (蕭統)
235
Xie Daoqing (謝道清), Empress Dowager
199
xiliu (細柳) (‘delicate willows’)
242n71
Xingsi (行思)
270–271
Xinuluo (細奴邏)
87, 91, 94
Xitang Zhizang (西堂智藏)
272, 274, 290
Xitu (西土) see Tibet
Xixia (西夏) see Tangut
Xiyu (西域) see Central Asia; Tibet
Xizhou (西州)
232
Turfan
Xuankui (玄逵)
234
xuanwei si (宣慰司) (‘Pacification Commission’)
205
Xuanzang (玄奘)
4–5, 7–9, 13, 94, 148, 154–155, 163, 178, 214, 230–232, 234n33, 239n53, 240n56, 241, 269, 278, 280, 328
Xuanzhao (玄照)
8–9, 241–242
xuanzhengyuan (宣政院) (‘Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs’)
197
Xu gaoseng zhuan (續高僧傳)
260, 261n15, 261n16, 263n21, 267–268, 277, 301n2, 307, 310, 313
Daoxuan
yakṣa
139, 329
Generals
67–68, 73–76, 80
Yamāntaka see Daiitoku
Yan Shigu (顏師古)
242n71
Yan Zhenqing (顏真卿)
309n25
Yancong (彥悰)
231, 233n29
Yang Rin chen skyabs (Chin. Yang Lianzhenjia 楊璉真伽)
197
Yangshan Huiji (仰山慧寂)
272
Yan’guan Ji’an (鹽官齊安) (Yanguan Qi’an)
272, 295
Yangzhou (揚州)
119n10, 311–312, 314n38
Yaoshan Weiyan (藥山惟儼)
296
Yaoshi Xiang (藥師祥)
100
Ye (濊) see Korea, Three Kingdoms
Yi (彝)
87
Yilan county (依蘭縣)
200n11, 220n79
Yingguogong (瀛國公) see Zhao Xian
Yingze (滎澤)
248n95
Ying Zong (英宗) see Qan, Gegeen
Yixing (一行)
312
Yizhou (益州) see Chengdu
Yogācāra
214, 217, 269
Yŏngjo (靈照)
271, 281, 289
Yŏngjun (英俊)
280
Yuanzhao (圓照)
337n70
Yueyang county (岳陽縣)
216
Yūgen (融源)
110
yujing (玉鏡) (‘the pure Dao’)
233
Dao
yumedono (Chin. mengdian 夢殿) (‘hall of dreams’)
314
Yun (筠)
275
Zangpo Pel (Tib. bZang po dpal)
216–217, 219, 221
Zanning (贊寧)
12–13, 255, 260, 277–280, 282
zan (贊) see eulogy
Zenghui ji (增暉記)
366
Zen (禪) see Chan
Zeshan Yixian (澤山弋咸)
358n44
Zhang Banglong (張傍龍)
90n25
Zhang Heng (張衡)
235, 237
Zhang Jingman (張淨滿)
274n56
Zhang Qian (張騫)
84
Zhang Shengwen (張勝溫)
98n44
Zhang Weizhong (張惟忠)
101n51
Zhangjing Huaihui (章敬懷暉)
272
Zhaohui (昭慧) see Xuanzhao
Zhao Xian (趙㬎), Emperor
16, 196, 198–214, 222–223
Zhao Yue (趙樾)
200n11
Zhao Yupiao (趙與)
201, 202n19
Zhao Yurui (趙與芮)
200n13, 201, 203
Zhaoqing (招慶)
275
Zheng Hui (鄭回)
88
Zheng Maisi (鄭買嗣)
97
Zhi Dun (支遁)
260
Zhiman (智滿)
312
Zhishen (智詵)
269
Zhiyi (智顗)
186, 301, 309n25, 311n29, 313, 315–316, 318–319
Zhiyue (智越)
261
Zhizang (智藏) see Amoghavajra
Zhongguo (中國)
228
China
Zhonghua (中華)
228
China
zhongmen (中門)
240n56
zhou (咒) see mantra
Zhuang Qiao (莊蹻)
84
Zhuge Liang (諸葛亮)
85
Zhujiang (珠江)
248n97
Zhuyuan (竹苑) see Veṇuvana
zongchi (總持) see dhāraṇī
Zongmi (宗密)
270, 279
zongzhiyuan (總制院) (‘Supreme Control Commission’)
197
zuo 座 see vajrāsana