An overview is given of the special issue on edible insects covering a number of aspects along the value change. The articles presented cover topics about producing insects both as food for humans and feed for animals, ranging from environmental impact, facility design, (left-over) substrates, the role of microbes, genetics, diseases, nutrition, to insect welfare. Possible health benefits of insects for humans and animals are discussed as well as the potential dangers in terms of allergies and chemical/biological contaminants. Regulatory frameworks are examined and assessed for remaining obstacles. The technologies dealing with the processing and extraction of proteins, lipids, and chitin were also reviewed. Consumers’ perception of insect-derived food products is discussed as well. A unique aspect of this special issue within the ‘Journal of Insects as Food and Feed’ is a first attempt to discuss the economics of the industry. The special issue concludes with a discussion of policy and challenges facing the sector.
Alltech, 2020. 2020 global feed survey. Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA. Available at:https://www.alltech.com/sites/default/files/GFS_Brochure_2020.pdf.
Anvari, S., Miller, J., Yeh, C. and Davis, C., 2019. IgE-mediated food allergy. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 57: 244-260.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8710-3
Barclays, 2021. Insect protein: bitten by the bug. Barclays, London, UK. Available at:https://www.investmentbank.barclays.com/our-insights/insect-protein-bitten-by-the-bug.html
Belghit, I., Varunjikar, M., Lecrenier, M.C., Steinhilber, A.E., Niedzwiecka, A., Wang, Y.V., Dieu, M., Azzollini, D., Lie, K., Lock, E.J., Berntssen, M.H.G., Renard, P., Zagon, J., Fumière, O., Van Loon, J.J.A., Larsen, T., Poetz, O., Braeuning, A., Palmblad, M. and Rasinger, J.D., 2021. Future feed control – tracing banned bovine material in insect meal. Food Control 128: 108183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108183
Bosch, G. and Swanson, K.S., 2021. Effect of using insects as feed on animals: pet dogs and cats. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 795-805.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0084
Brambell, F.W.R., 1965. Report of the Technical Committee to enquire into the welfare of animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry systems. Cmnd. 2836, December 3, 1965. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.
'Report of the Technical Committee to enquire into the welfare of animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry systems', ().
Brandon, A.M., Garcia, A.M., Khlystov, N.A., Wu, W.-M. and Criddle, C.S., 2021. Enhanced bioavailability and microbial biodegradation of polystyrene in an enrichment derived from the gut microbiome ofTenebrio molitor (mealworm Larvae). Environmental Science & Technology 55: 2027-2036.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04952
Brynning, G., Bækgaard, J.U. and Heckmann, L.-H.L., 2020. Investigation of consumer acceptance of foods containing insects and development of non-snack insect-based foods. Industrial Biotechnology 16: 26-32.https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2019.0028
BugBurger, 2021. The eating insects startups: here is the list of entopreneurs around the world! Available at:http://www.bugburger.se/foretag/the-eating-insects-startups-here-is-the-list-of-entopreneurs-around-the-world
Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance & Fisheries Council of Canada (CAIA/FCC), 2021. Canada’s blue economy strategy 2040. CAIA/FCC, Ottawa, ON, USA. Available at:http://fisheriescouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Canadas-Blue-Economy-Strategy_FINAL-9-15-2020.pdf
Cammack, J.A., Miranda, C.D., Jordan, H.R. and Tomberlin, J.K., 2021. Upcycling of manure with insects: current and future prospects. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 605-619https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0093
Chavez, M. and Uchanski, M., 2021. Insect left-over substrate as plant fertiliser. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 683-694.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0063
De Miranda, J.R., Granberg, F., Onorati, P., Jansson, A. and Berggren, Å., 2021. Virus prospecting in crickets – discovery and strain divergence of a novel iflavirus in wild and cultivatedAcheta domesticus. Viruses 13: 364.https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030364
Dörper, A., Veldkamp, T. and Dicke, M., 2021. Use of black soldier fly and house fly in feed to promote sustainable poultry production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 761-780.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0064
Douglas, A.E., 2009. The microbial dimension in insect nutritional ecology. Functional Ecology 23: 38-47.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01442.x
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2021. Safety of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA Journal 19(1): 6343.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6343
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Scientific Committee, 2015. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. EFSA Journal 13: 4257.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257
Eilenberg, J., Gasque, S.N. and Ros, V.I.D., 2017. Natural enemies in insect production systems. In: Van Huis, A. and Tomberlin, J.K. (eds.) Insects as food and feed: from production to consumption. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 201-223.https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0
Eriksson, T. and Picard, C.J., 2021. Genetic and genomic selection in insects as food and feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 661-682.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0097
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020 – sustainability in action. FAO, Rome, Italy.https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
Finke, M.D. and Oonincx, D., 2014. Insects as food for insectivores. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Guadalupe Rojas, M. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. (ed.) Mass production of beneficial organisms. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 583-616.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-391453-8.00017-0
Garino, C., Mielke, H., Knüppel, S., Selhorst, T., Broll, H. and Braeuning, A., 2020. Quantitative allergenicity risk assessment of food products containing yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Food and Chemical Toxicology 142: 111460.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111460
Gasco, L., Finke, M. and Van Huis, A., 2018. Can diets containing insects promote animal health? Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4: 1-4.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2018.x001
Gasco, L., Józefiak, A. and Henry, M., 2021. Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 715-741.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0077
Hartmann, C. and Siegrist, M., 2017. Consumer perception and behaviour regarding sustainable protein consumption: a systematic review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 61: 11-25.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.12.006
The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF), 2021. Global feed statistics. IFIF, Wiehl, Germany. Available at:https://ifif.org/global-feed/statistics/
Joosten, L., Lecocq, A., Jensen, A.B., Haenen, O., Schmitt, E. and Eilenberg, J., 2020. Review of insect pathogen risks for the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and guidelines for reliable production. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 168: 432-447.https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12916
Kaya, C., Generalovic, T.N., Ståhls, G., Hauser, M., Samayoa, A.C., Nunes-Silva, C.G., Roxburgh, H., Wohlfahrt, J., Ewusie, E.A., Kenis, M., Hanboonsong, Y., Orozco, J., Carrejo, N., Nakamura, S., Gasco, L., Rojo, S., Tanga, C.M., Meier, R., Rhode, C., Picard, C.J., Jiggins, C.D., Leiber, F., Tomberlin, J.K., Hasselmann, M., Blanckenhorn, W.U., Kapun, M. and Sandrock, C., 2021. Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens. BMC Biology 19: 94.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w
Kok, R., 2017. Insect production and facility design. In: Van Huis, A. and Tomberlin, J.K. (eds.) Insects as food and feed: from production to consumption. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 143-172.https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0
Kok, R., 2021a. Preliminary project design for insect production: part 1 – overall mass and energy/heat balances. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 499-509.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0055
Kok, R., 2021b. Preliminary project design for insect production: part 2 – organism kinetics, system dynamics and the role of modelling & simulation. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 511-523.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0146
Kok, R., 2021c. Preliminary project design for insect production: part 3 – sub-process types and reactors. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 525-539.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0145
Kok, R., 2021d. Preliminary project design for insect production: part 4 – facility considerations. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7:541-551.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0164
Lähteenmäki-Uutela, A., Marimuthu, S.B. and Meijer, N., 2021. Regulations on insects as food and feed: a global comparison. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 849-856.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0066
Leip, A., Ledgard, S., Uwizeye, A., Palhares, J.C.P., Aller, M.F., Amon, B., Binder, M., Cordovil, C.M.d.S., De Camillis, C., Dong, H., Fusi, A., Helin, J., Hörtenhuber, S., Hristov, A.N., Koelsch, R., Liu, C., Masso, C., Nkongolo, N.V., Patra, A.K., Redding, M.R., Rufino, M.C., Sakrabani, R., Thoma, G., Vertès, F. and Wang, Y., 2019. The value of manure – manure as co-product in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 241: 293-304.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059
Liland, N.S., Araujo, P., Xu, X.X., Lock, E.-J., Radhakrishnan, G., Prabhu, A.J.P. and Belghit, I., 2021. A meta-analysis on the nutritional value of insects in aquafeeds. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 743-759.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0147
Maciel-Vergara, G., Jensen, A.B., Lecocq, A. and Eilenberg, J., 2021. Diseases in edible insect rearing systems. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 621-638.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2021.0024
Mancini, S., Moruzzo, R., Riccioli, F. and Paci, G., 2019. European consumers’ readiness to adopt insects as food. A review. Food Research International 122: 661-678.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.041
Manyi-Loh, C., Mamphweli, S., Meyer, E. and Okoh, A., 2018. Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: potential public health implications. Molecules 23: 795.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040795
Meticulous Research, 2021. Edible insects market to reach $4.63 billion by 2027. Meticulous Research, Redding, CA, USA. Available at:https://www.meticulousresearch.com/pressrelease/184/edible-insects-market-2027
Meyer, A.M., Meijer, N., Hoek-Van den Hil, E.F. and Van der Fels-Klerx, H.J., 2021. Chemical food safety hazards of insects reared for food and feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 823-831.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0085
Motoki, K., Ishikawa, S.-I. and Park, J., 2021. Review and future directions of consumer acceptance of insect-based foods. The Japanese Journal of Psychology 92: 52-67.https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.92.20402
Nardi, J.B., Mackie, R.I. and Dawson, J.O., 2002. Could microbial symbionts of arthropod guts contribute significantly to nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems? Journal of Insect Physiology 48: 751-763.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00105-1
Niyonsaba, H.H., Höhler, J., Kooistra, J., Van der Fels-Klerx, H.J. and Meuwissen, M.P.M., 2021. Profitability of insect farms. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 923-934.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0087
Ojha, S., Bußler, S., Psarianos, M., Rossi, G. and Schlüter, O.K., 2021. Edible insect processing pathways and implementation of emerging technologies. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 877-900.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0121
Oonincx, D.G.A.B. and Finke, M.D., 2021. Nutritional value of insects and ways to manipulate their composition. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 639-659.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0050
Oonincx, D.G.A.B., Van Keulen, P., Finke, M.D., Baines, F.M., Vermeulen, M. and Bosch, G., 2018. Evidence of vitamin D synthesis in insects exposed to UVb light. Scientific Reports 8: 10807.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29232-w
Peng, B.-Y., Su, Y., Chen, Z., Chen, J., Zhou, X., Benbow, M.E., Criddle, C., Wu, W.-M. and Zhang, Y., 2019. Biodegradation of polystyrene by dark (Tenebrio obscurus) and yellow (Tenebrio molitor) mealworms (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Environmental Science & Technology 53: 5256-5265.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06963
Pennisi, E., 2015. All in the (bigger) family. Revised arthropod tree marries crustacean and insect fields. Science of the Total Environment 347: 220-221.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6219.220
Pinotti, L., Luciano, A., Ottoboni, M., Manoni, M., Ferrari, L., Marchis, D. and Tretola, M., 2021. Recycling food leftovers in feed as opportunity to increase the sustainability of livestock production. Journal of Cleaner Production 294: 126290.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126290
Pinotti, L. and Ottoboni, M., 2021. Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 585-596.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0110
Pittner, M., 2017. Consumer segment LOHAS. Nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Dialoggruppen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden, Germany.
'Consumer segment LOHAS. Nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Dialoggruppen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel', ().
Ponce-Reyes, R. and Lessard, B., 2021. Edible insects – a roadmap for the strategic growth of an emerging Australian industry. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia. Available at:https://research.csiro.au/edibleinsects/wp-content/uploads/sites/347/2021/04/CSIRO-Edible-Insect-Roadmap.pdf
Qi, X., Li, Z., Akami, M., Mansour, A. and Niu, C., 2019. Fermented crop straws byTrichoderma viride andSaccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the bioconversion rate ofMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26: 29388-29396.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06101-1
Reverberi, M., 2021. The new packaged food products containing insects as an ingredient. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 901-908.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0111
Ribeiro, J.C., Sousa-Pinto, B., Fonseca, J., Fonseca, S.C. and Cunha, L.M., 2021. Edible insects and food safety: allergy. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 833-847.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0065
Riccaboni, A., Neri, E., Trovarelli, F. and Pulselli, R.M., 2021. Sustainability-oriented research and innovation in ‘farm to fork’ value chains. Current Opinion in Food Science 42: 102-112.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.006
Rozin, P., Haidt, J. and Fincher, K., 2009. Psychology. From oral to moral. Science 323: 1179-1180.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170492
Sindermann, D., Heidhues, J., Kirchner, S., Stadermann, N. and Kühl, A., 2021. Industrial processing technologies for insect larvae. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 857-875https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0103
Smetana, S., Spykman, R. and Heinz, V., 2021. Environmental aspects of insect mass production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 553-571.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0116
Sogari, G., Menozzi, D., Hartmann, C. and Mora, C., 2019. How to measure consumers acceptance towards edible insects? – a scoping review about methodological approaches. In: G. Sogari, C. Mora and D. Menozzi (eds.) Edible insects in the food sector: methods, current applications and perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp. 27-44.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22522-3_3
Stull, V.J., 2021. Impacts of insect consumption on human health. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 695-713.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0115
Van Boeckel, T.P., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B.T., Levin, S.A., Robinson, T.P., Teillant, A. and Laxminarayan, R., 2015. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112: 5649-5654.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503141112
Van Huis, A., 2021. Welfare of farmed insects. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 573-584.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0061
Van Huis, A. and Tomberlin, J., 2017. Insects as food and feed: from production to consumption. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 448 pp.https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0
Vandeweyer, D., De Smet, J., Van Looveren, N. and Van Campenhout, L., 2021. Biological contaminants in insects as food and feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 807-822.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0060
Veldkamp, T. and Vernooij, A.G., 2021. Use of insect products in pig diets. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 781-793.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0091
Wassmann, B., Siegrist, M. and Hartmann, C., 2021. Correlates of the willingness to consume insects: a meta-analysis. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 909-922.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0130
Youssef, J. and Spence, C., 2021. Náttúra by kitchen theory: an immersive multisensory dining concept. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 24: 100354.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100354
Zhang, J.B., Yu, Y.Q., Tomberlin, J.K., Cai, M.M., Zheng, L.Y. and Yu, Z.N., 2021. Organic side streams: using microbes to make substrates more fit for mass producing insects for use as feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 597-604.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0078
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 1937 | 688 | 43 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 1982 | 763 | 28 |
An overview is given of the special issue on edible insects covering a number of aspects along the value change. The articles presented cover topics about producing insects both as food for humans and feed for animals, ranging from environmental impact, facility design, (left-over) substrates, the role of microbes, genetics, diseases, nutrition, to insect welfare. Possible health benefits of insects for humans and animals are discussed as well as the potential dangers in terms of allergies and chemical/biological contaminants. Regulatory frameworks are examined and assessed for remaining obstacles. The technologies dealing with the processing and extraction of proteins, lipids, and chitin were also reviewed. Consumers’ perception of insect-derived food products is discussed as well. A unique aspect of this special issue within the ‘Journal of Insects as Food and Feed’ is a first attempt to discuss the economics of the industry. The special issue concludes with a discussion of policy and challenges facing the sector.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 1937 | 688 | 43 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 1982 | 763 | 28 |