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The Preaching of the Third Crusade (1187â1192)
The Early University of Paris, Biblical Exegesis, and the Coming Apocalypse
Series: - Commentaria, Volume: 16
Author:
This book delivers the first substantial study of the preaching of the Third Crusade (1187-92). It assembles c.200 sermon texts and c.100 manuscripts, to understand the explosive dynamic of mobilization in the Latin West. Dealing with the essential fact that a genre called âcrusade sermonâ did not exist, it develops methodological devices for identifying sermons relevant for the crusading purpose. The book contests thus the modern historiography, which has placed too much trust in the few chronicle reports. However, its fruitful blending of crusading, preaching, exegesis, manuscript studies, and intellectual history has much to offer beyond crusade studies.
Alexander Marx gained his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna (2019); he is a postdoctoral researcher at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, where he now is working on the medieval reception of the Roman conquest of Jerusalem (70 AD). He has published widely on the preaching of crusade expeditions.
Preface
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Note on Quotation of Sources
Introduction
â1âObjective and Goals
â2âThe Established Narrative on the Preaching of the Third Crusade
â3âMethodology: What Is a Crusade Sermon?
â4âPreliminaries: Crusade, Exegesis, and Space
1 Immediate Context: Authors and Texts, a Network of Preachers
â1âGregoryVIII
â2âThe Circle of Clairvaux
â3âThe Circle of Canterbury
â4âThe Circle of Paris
â5âThe Other Preachers
2 Institutional Context: The Early University of Paris Constructs the Holy Land
â1âThe Front of the Reformers
â2âThe Holy Land as a Weapon against Scholasticism
â3âForbidden Knowledge and the Early University
3 Exemplary Descriptions of Sermon Texts
â1âConclusion
4 The Loss of the Cross Relic: The Tragedy of an Elect People
â1âAudita tremendi
â2âHélinand of Froidmont, In ramis palmarum III: Ez. 9, Cross Signings, and the Landscape of Salvation
â3âPutting Ez. 9 to Use: Crusade and Eschatology
â4âParadise Lost again: A Deity and Its Chosen People
â5âMt. 16:24: One Shall Take up Oneâs Cross and Follow Him
â6âAlan of Lilleâs Three Sermons De sancta cruce in Comparison
â7âCrucesignati: 1187 and the Impact on the Concept of Crusading
5 The Loss of Jerusalem: Jeopardizing the Kingdom of Heaven
â1âThe Heathen Have Come into the Sanctuary (Ps.79): Describing the Conquest
â2âGarnerius of Clairvaux, In adventu domini IV: Pagans and the Captive Daughter Zion
â3âThe Conquest: A Signifier for the Spiritual Jerusalem
â4âThe Conquest: A Signifier for the Heavenly Jerusalem
â5âTypology and Prophecy
â6âThe Holy Sepulcher
â7âThe Four Senses of Scripture: Where Does the Earthly Jerusalem Belong?
â8âHenry of Albano: Jerusalem between Monastery, Theology, and Crusade
6 The Holy Land: Terminology, Borders, and Providential Itineraries
â1âThe Holy Land: Terminology and Meaning
â2âThe Borders of the Holy Land
â3âThe Sea: A Pivotal Element in the Landscape of Salvation
7 The Paradox of Failure in the Holy Land: A Tradition after the Second Crusade
â1âPeccatis nostris exigentibus: Articulation, Variants, and the Quest for Sin
â2âThe Holy Land Has Been Given into the Hands of the Wicked (Job 9:24)
â3âThe Misfits: Gerhoch of Reichersberg and Ralph Niger
â4âThe Failure of Crusades: A Model
â5âThe Consequence of Failure: Collective Reform
8 The Crusades and the Apocalypse: Jerusalem as an Eschatological State
â1âBreaking with Augustinian Authority
â2âThe Paradox of Eschatological Prognosis: False Prophet or praedicator Dei
â3âThe Eschatological Offer of Identity: Preaching, Church, and Crusade
â4âThe Earthly Jerusalem as an Eschatological State (1099â1187)
â5âThe Narrative of Salvation History, Vantage Point Post-1187: Nodes, Plot Twists, and Accumulative Expectations
â6âMarching into the End of Days: The Apocalyptic Third Crusade
9 Media Context: The Material Evidence as an Archaeological Artefact
â1âFrom Canterbury to Paris
â2âFrom Clairvaux to Paris
â3âThe Epicenter of Paris and Its Emanation
â4âArchaeological Artefacts of a Historical Practice
10 Historical Context: Mobilization, Audience, and the Liturgical Calendar
â1âThe Question of Mobilization: Preaching before the Friars
â2âThe Question of Audience
â3âMobilizing the Crusade
Conclusions
Appendix
Bibliography
Index of Manuscripts
Index of Biblical References
Index of Places, Persons, and Subjects
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Note on Quotation of Sources
Introduction
â1âObjective and Goals
â2âThe Established Narrative on the Preaching of the Third Crusade
â3âMethodology: What Is a Crusade Sermon?
â4âPreliminaries: Crusade, Exegesis, and Space
Part1 Contexts (I)
1 Immediate Context: Authors and Texts, a Network of Preachers
â1âGregoryVIII
â2âThe Circle of Clairvaux
â3âThe Circle of Canterbury
â4âThe Circle of Paris
â5âThe Other Preachers
2 Institutional Context: The Early University of Paris Constructs the Holy Land
â1âThe Front of the Reformers
â2âThe Holy Land as a Weapon against Scholasticism
â3âForbidden Knowledge and the Early University
Part2 Texts: Sermon Texts, Exegesis, and Crusading
3 Exemplary Descriptions of Sermon Texts
â1âConclusion
4 The Loss of the Cross Relic: The Tragedy of an Elect People
â1âAudita tremendi
â2âHélinand of Froidmont, In ramis palmarum III: Ez. 9, Cross Signings, and the Landscape of Salvation
â3âPutting Ez. 9 to Use: Crusade and Eschatology
â4âParadise Lost again: A Deity and Its Chosen People
â5âMt. 16:24: One Shall Take up Oneâs Cross and Follow Him
â6âAlan of Lilleâs Three Sermons De sancta cruce in Comparison
â7âCrucesignati: 1187 and the Impact on the Concept of Crusading
5 The Loss of Jerusalem: Jeopardizing the Kingdom of Heaven
â1âThe Heathen Have Come into the Sanctuary (Ps.79): Describing the Conquest
â2âGarnerius of Clairvaux, In adventu domini IV: Pagans and the Captive Daughter Zion
â3âThe Conquest: A Signifier for the Spiritual Jerusalem
â4âThe Conquest: A Signifier for the Heavenly Jerusalem
â5âTypology and Prophecy
â6âThe Holy Sepulcher
â7âThe Four Senses of Scripture: Where Does the Earthly Jerusalem Belong?
â8âHenry of Albano: Jerusalem between Monastery, Theology, and Crusade
6 The Holy Land: Terminology, Borders, and Providential Itineraries
â1âThe Holy Land: Terminology and Meaning
â2âThe Borders of the Holy Land
â3âThe Sea: A Pivotal Element in the Landscape of Salvation
Part3 Metatext: The Metanarrative of Salvation History
7 The Paradox of Failure in the Holy Land: A Tradition after the Second Crusade
â1âPeccatis nostris exigentibus: Articulation, Variants, and the Quest for Sin
â2âThe Holy Land Has Been Given into the Hands of the Wicked (Job 9:24)
â3âThe Misfits: Gerhoch of Reichersberg and Ralph Niger
â4âThe Failure of Crusades: A Model
â5âThe Consequence of Failure: Collective Reform
8 The Crusades and the Apocalypse: Jerusalem as an Eschatological State
â1âBreaking with Augustinian Authority
â2âThe Paradox of Eschatological Prognosis: False Prophet or praedicator Dei
â3âThe Eschatological Offer of Identity: Preaching, Church, and Crusade
â4âThe Earthly Jerusalem as an Eschatological State (1099â1187)
â5âThe Narrative of Salvation History, Vantage Point Post-1187: Nodes, Plot Twists, and Accumulative Expectations
â6âMarching into the End of Days: The Apocalyptic Third Crusade
Part4 Contexts (II)
9 Media Context: The Material Evidence as an Archaeological Artefact
â1âFrom Canterbury to Paris
â2âFrom Clairvaux to Paris
â3âThe Epicenter of Paris and Its Emanation
â4âArchaeological Artefacts of a Historical Practice
10 Historical Context: Mobilization, Audience, and the Liturgical Calendar
â1âThe Question of Mobilization: Preaching before the Friars
â2âThe Question of Audience
â3âMobilizing the Crusade
Conclusions
Appendix
Bibliography
Index of Manuscripts
Index of Biblical References
Index of Places, Persons, and Subjects
The main readership are crusade scholars and sermon scholars, but it may also be of interest to those working on exegesis, monastic culture, the development of the universities, manuscript production, and Apocalypticism.