Throwing Down the Verbal Gauntlet showcases Arab ârapperâ poets JarÄ«r and al-Farazdaq. This eighth-century duo is best known for a series of verbal battles (flytings) they carried out over several decades. Verbal Gauntlet argues that these poets performed in order to elevate their own prestige, just as rappers do in modern-day âDozensâ battles. These were performances for performanceâs sake, a first for a genre traditionally associated with settling tribal disputes. The book provides a new interpretation of this poetry and changes the way we see the intertwining roles of poet, opponent, and audience.
Cory Jorgensen, Ph.D. (2012), University of Texas at Austin, is Assistant Professor of Arabic at George Washington University. He has published on classical Arabic literature and Arabic pedagogy, including, âJarÄ«r and al-Farazdaqâs NaqÄʾiḠPerformance,â Journal of Arabic Literature 54 (2023).
Preface Acknowledgments
Introduction
â1âNaqÄʾiḠand âThe NaqÄʾiá¸â
â2âPerformance
1 The Performance: JarÄ«r, al-Farazdaq, and the NaqÄʾiá¸
â1âPerformance Aspects of the NaqÄʾiá¸
â2âNaqÄʾiḠPassages
2 The Stage: Mirbad Market
â1âIntroduction
â2âStyle and Content of the NaqÄʾiá¸
â3ââEmergenceâ of Social Structure
â4âConclusion
3 The Process: JarÄ«r and al-Farazdaqâs âCollusionâ
â1âIntroduction
â2âStock Devices
â3âConclusion
4 The Goal: Winning Over the Audience
â1âIntroduction
â2âManaging Poetic Image
â3âGaining Poetic Prestige
â4âConclusion
Appendix1: JarÄ«r and al-Farazdaqâs NaqÄʾiḠCorpus Appendix2: JarÄ«r and al-Farazdaqâs Qaṣīda Structure Appendix3: Quoted Passages Appendix4: NaqÄʾiḠPoems Bibliography Index