I have in general used Greek transliteration for Byzantine proper names and technical terms. Some common first names are rendered in their modern English form (for example, John for Ioannes, and Constantine for Konstantinos). For well-known place names, modern English spellings are used (for example, Constantinople, Crete, Athens). In some instances where the places are mentioned both in medieval Turkish Muslim and Byzantine sources, both Greek and Turkish names of the places are cited to make it easier to locate them in different reference works (for example, Philadelphia/Alaşehir and Malatya/Melitene). For the transliteration of proper names and technical vocabulary pertaining to the Turkish-speaking Anatolian /Balkan medieval world, modern Turkish orthography is used in most cases (for example, Bedreddin instead of Badr al-Din, gazi instead of ghazi, gaza instead of ghazw, and ahi instead of akhi). For the Persian-speaking medieval Anatolian world, modern Turkish orthography has been adopted, but in the index, it is coupled with a slightly modified version of the systems used in the second and third editions of the Encyclopedia of Islam (for example, Izzeddin Keykavus / ʿIzz al-Din Kaykaʾus, Menakıbü’l Arifin / Manaqıb al-‘Arifin, Aksarayi / al-Aqsarayi)