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Qajars and Catholics
Tehran, the Vatican and the Lazarist Mission in Iran
Series: - Iran Studies, Volume: 29
Author:
The relationship between the Qajar rulers of Iran and the Vatican constitutes a little-known thread of diplomatic and cultural interaction, sustained by Papal correspondence, gift-giving, Apostolic Delegates and mutual respect, which spanned the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The well-being of Iranâs small Catholic population was a desideratum of Popes, from Pius VII to Benedict XV, but firmans issued by Qajar Shahs offered guarantees which were often ignored on the ground. Iranâs Catholics became unwitting pawns in the decades-long rivalry between American Presbyterians and French Lazarists, and nascent Iranian diplomacy in Europe took great care in matters concerning the Vatican.
D.T. Potts is Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology and History at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University. He has published extensively on the archaeology, ancient and pre-modern history of Iran.
Preface and AcknowledgementsâIX
List of FiguresâXIII
AbbreviationsâXVI
A Chronology of Qajar-Catholic RelationsâXVII
1 Precursors
â1âPapal Overtures to Ilkhanid and Safavid Monarchs
â2âThe First Catholic Missionaries in Iran and the Sceriman Familyâs Catholicism
â3âAfghan Rule and Nader Shah
â4âZands and Catholics
2 The Reign of Fath Ê¿Ali Shah
â1âThe Career of Leopoldo Sebastiani
â2âPope Leo XII Writes to Ê¿Abbas Mirza
â3âDerderianâs Firman
3 Eugène Boré and the Origins of the Lazarist Mission
â1âBoréâs Background
â2âArrival in Iran
â3âThe Embassies of Hoseyn Khan and the Comte de Sercey
â4âSerceyâs Arrival
â5âFrench Diplomacy and Mohammad Shah at Isfahan
4 The Anti-Lazarist Controversy
â1âThe Beginnings of the Lazarist Mission
â2âBoréâs Departure, Medem and the Expulsion of the Lazarists
â3âThe Embassy of the Comte de Sartiges
â4âMirza Mohammad Ê¿Ali Khanâs Mission to Paris
â5âThe February Revolution and Its Effects
5 Naser al-Din Shahâs Early Reign, 1848â1856
â1âA New Shah
â2âA Rupture in Franco-Persian Relations
â3âThe Fate of the Lazarists after the Departure of Sartiges
â4âA Double Honor to be Catholic and to be French!
â5âTwo New Envoys
â6âThe Protector of All Persian Catholics
â7âThe Anglo-Persian War and Farrokh Khanâs Embassy
6 The Expansion of Persian Diplomacy in Europe
â1âFarrokh Khan Arrives in France
â2âPersian Diplomacy on the Offensive
â3âFarrokh Khan, Cardinal Gousset and the Lazarists
â4âA Treaty with the Papal States
â5âThe End of Farrokh Khanâs Embassy
â6âLazarist Developments and Francophilia
â7âHasan Ê¿Ali Khanâs Embassy
â8âChurch Bells and Gospel Controversies
â9âA Catholic Persian Ambassador in Paris
7 From the World Exposition of 1873 to Naser al-Din Shahâs Death
â1âThe World Exposition in Vienna
â2âDeepening Ties between Vienna and Tehran
â3âMirza Malkom Khan Goes to Europe
â4âThe Shah Travels Abroad
â5âNaser al-Din Shah Meets Two Papal Nuncios
â6âThe Shah Visits the Daughters of Charity
â7âThe Shah Heads to Turin
â8âThe World Exposition and the Shahâs Departure
â9âAugustin Cluzel Becomes Apostolic Delegate to Persia by Pope Pius IX
â10âNazar Aqa Visits the Pope
â11âThe Status of the Lazarist Mission
â12âThe Election of Leo XIII
â13âThe Shah Visits Europe Again but Skips the Vatican
â14âFamine, French Lessons and a Kurdish Uprising
â15âUps and Downs of Catholicism
â16âThe Passing of Cluzel and the Arrival of Thomas
â17âPapal Decorations for the Shahâs Sons
â18âThe Sacerdotal Jubilee of Pius XIII
â19âA New Apostolic Delegate and a Mosaic for the Shah
â20âThe Popeâs Golden Jubilee and the Shahâs Death
8 The Last Shahs of the Qajar Dynasty
â1âMozaffar al-Din Shah and François Lesné
â2âA European Cure and an Assassination Attempt
â3âA Qajar Tempest in a Vatican Teapot
â4âThe Last Years of Mozaffar al-Din Shah
â5âRebellion, Revolution and a Shahâs Exile
â6âWar and a Shocking Murder
â7âFrom Shemiran to the Riviera
9 A Catholic Qajar History
Bibliography
Index
List of FiguresâXIII
AbbreviationsâXVI
A Chronology of Qajar-Catholic RelationsâXVII
1 Precursors
â1âPapal Overtures to Ilkhanid and Safavid Monarchs
â2âThe First Catholic Missionaries in Iran and the Sceriman Familyâs Catholicism
â3âAfghan Rule and Nader Shah
â4âZands and Catholics
2 The Reign of Fath Ê¿Ali Shah
â1âThe Career of Leopoldo Sebastiani
â2âPope Leo XII Writes to Ê¿Abbas Mirza
â3âDerderianâs Firman
3 Eugène Boré and the Origins of the Lazarist Mission
â1âBoréâs Background
â2âArrival in Iran
â3âThe Embassies of Hoseyn Khan and the Comte de Sercey
â4âSerceyâs Arrival
â5âFrench Diplomacy and Mohammad Shah at Isfahan
4 The Anti-Lazarist Controversy
â1âThe Beginnings of the Lazarist Mission
â2âBoréâs Departure, Medem and the Expulsion of the Lazarists
â3âThe Embassy of the Comte de Sartiges
â4âMirza Mohammad Ê¿Ali Khanâs Mission to Paris
â5âThe February Revolution and Its Effects
5 Naser al-Din Shahâs Early Reign, 1848â1856
â1âA New Shah
â2âA Rupture in Franco-Persian Relations
â3âThe Fate of the Lazarists after the Departure of Sartiges
â4âA Double Honor to be Catholic and to be French!
â5âTwo New Envoys
â6âThe Protector of All Persian Catholics
â7âThe Anglo-Persian War and Farrokh Khanâs Embassy
6 The Expansion of Persian Diplomacy in Europe
â1âFarrokh Khan Arrives in France
â2âPersian Diplomacy on the Offensive
â3âFarrokh Khan, Cardinal Gousset and the Lazarists
â4âA Treaty with the Papal States
â5âThe End of Farrokh Khanâs Embassy
â6âLazarist Developments and Francophilia
â7âHasan Ê¿Ali Khanâs Embassy
â8âChurch Bells and Gospel Controversies
â9âA Catholic Persian Ambassador in Paris
7 From the World Exposition of 1873 to Naser al-Din Shahâs Death
â1âThe World Exposition in Vienna
â2âDeepening Ties between Vienna and Tehran
â3âMirza Malkom Khan Goes to Europe
â4âThe Shah Travels Abroad
â5âNaser al-Din Shah Meets Two Papal Nuncios
â6âThe Shah Visits the Daughters of Charity
â7âThe Shah Heads to Turin
â8âThe World Exposition and the Shahâs Departure
â9âAugustin Cluzel Becomes Apostolic Delegate to Persia by Pope Pius IX
â10âNazar Aqa Visits the Pope
â11âThe Status of the Lazarist Mission
â12âThe Election of Leo XIII
â13âThe Shah Visits Europe Again but Skips the Vatican
â14âFamine, French Lessons and a Kurdish Uprising
â15âUps and Downs of Catholicism
â16âThe Passing of Cluzel and the Arrival of Thomas
â17âPapal Decorations for the Shahâs Sons
â18âThe Sacerdotal Jubilee of Pius XIII
â19âA New Apostolic Delegate and a Mosaic for the Shah
â20âThe Popeâs Golden Jubilee and the Shahâs Death
8 The Last Shahs of the Qajar Dynasty
â1âMozaffar al-Din Shah and François Lesné
â2âA European Cure and an Assassination Attempt
â3âA Qajar Tempest in a Vatican Teapot
â4âThe Last Years of Mozaffar al-Din Shah
â5âRebellion, Revolution and a Shahâs Exile
â6âWar and a Shocking Murder
â7âFrom Shemiran to the Riviera
9 A Catholic Qajar History
Bibliography
Index
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