Recovering the Nature: Ma Yifu’s New Confucian Thought and Its Intellectual Background

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Numerous great Chinese thinkers attempted to realise a transcendent ontological foundation in order to live an ideal life informed by the Confucian way. To this end, they sought answers to how the unconditioned foundation could be realised through cognitive awareness that is circumscribed by the conditioned nature of human existence. Inspired by earlier Confucian and Buddhist thinkers, Ma Yifu attempted to offer more refined responses to these two questions. In addressing them, Ma and other modern thinkers also sought to justify the contemporary significance of the Confucian way in a modernising China. This book presents a rich landscape of these ideas. Many primary materials translated and analysed here are introduced in English for the first time.

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YU Yihong, Ph.D, (2021), La Trobe University, is an Associate Professorial Research Fellow at Hainan University. His research focuses on the intellectual history of late imperial and modern China. His essays appeared in leading academic journals across Greater China.
Acknowledgements

Introduction
 1 General Background
 2 Ma’s Life, Writings and Related Studies
 3 Intellectual Background: Ma Yifu, Neo-Confucianism and Sinitic Buddhism
 4 Research Questions, Objectives and Methodologies of the Study
 5 Chapter Outlines
 6 Overview of Key Ideas in Ma’s Thought

1 The Genesis of Ma Yifu’s New Confucian Thought
 1 Ma Yifu’s Early Life (1903–1916)
 2 Ma’s Absorption of Buddhism and Daoism (1917–1935)
 3 The Formation of Ma’s Theory of the Six Arts (1936–1939)

2 Ma Yifu’s Confucian Ideal Evidenced in Records of Lectures at the Recovering the Nature Academy
 1 An Overall Examination of the Records of Lectures
 2 Right Practices and Ideal Governance
 3 The Sage’s Mind and Virtue-Based Governance
 Concluding Remarks

3 Ma’s Confucian Ideal and His Contemporaneous Thinkers
 1 Ma’s Idealisation of Virtue-Based Governance in the Records of Lectures
 2 Contemporaneous and Relevant Issues Viewed from Ma’s Perspective
 Concluding Remarks

4 Different New Confucian Alternatives: Ma Yifu and Xiong Shili
 1 Xiong Shili on Reality
 2 Xiong Shili on Confucianism and Socialist Modernisation
 3 Ma Yifu, Mou Zongsan and Spiritual Confucianism
 Concluding Remarks

Conclusion: A Review of Ma Yifu’s New Confucian Thought
 1 Ma Yifu, Neo-Confucianism and Sinitic Buddhism
 2 Ma Yifu and Modern Chinese Thinkers
 3 Ma Yifu and Today’s Confucian Trends in Mainland China

Appendix 1: A Brief Chronological Biography of Ma Yifu’s Intellectual Life
Appendix 2: Table of the Contents of Two Lectures
Appendix 3: Table (with Classifications) of the Lectures
Bibliography
Index
Scholars and students with knowledge of classical Chinese who are interested in the cultural transformations of modern China, as well as readers interested in Eastern religious philosophy.
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