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Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert, Revised Second Edition
Material Culture and Writing Practices in Modern Research
Series: - Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, Volume: 153
Author:
This monograph revises the first edition of this book (2004) which is long overdue. Many segments needed revision due in large part to the veritable flood of studies published in the wake of the first edition. In other cases, the author changed his mind in his continued study of the scrolls improved by the new images of the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library. Hyperlinks to this library are now added to most references to the scrolls. This book covers many aspects of a handbook for those who study the scrolls, material culture, and edit scroll fragments.
Emanuel Tov, Ph.D. (1974), Hebrew University, is the J.L. Magnes Professor emeritus of Bible at that university. He has published many monographs on textual criticism, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls, including Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (4th edition, Fortress, 2022).
Preface
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Judean Desert Texts
Bibliography 2004â
1 Introduction
âaâPurpose and Nature of the Description
âbâText Corpora
âcâSources for the Analysis
âdâBackground of the Documents
2 Scribes
âaâIdentity, Nature, and Status
âbâLearning Scribal Skills
âcâProduction of Scrolls in the Judean Desert?
âdâCharacteristic Features of Individual Scribes
âeâIdentification of Scribal Hands
âfâBackground of Scribal Traditions
âgâApproaches of Scribes to Their Vorlagen
âhâAutographs?
âiâIdentification of the Vorlagen of the Judean Desert Scrolls?
âjâDifferent Levels of Scribal Skills
3 Material Culture: Writing and Writing Materials
âaâPapyrus
âbâTreated Skins
âcâSheets
âdâScrolls
âeâTexts Written on Papyrus
âfâInk
âgâWriting Implements
4 Technical Aspects of Scroll Writing
âaâRuling, Guide Dots/Strokes
âbâOpisthographs and Palimpsests
âcâLength and Scope of Scrolls
âdâDimensions of Sheets, Number of Columns per Sheet
âeâDimensions of Columns and Margins
âfâThe Written Text vis-Ã -vis Horizontal and Vertical Ruling
âgâConventions Used at the Beginnings and Ends of Scrolls
âhâTitles of Compositions and Headers of Sections
âiâUneven Surface, Damage, Repair Stitching, and Patching
âjâDeluxe Editions
âkâRelation between Scrolls and Compositions
âlâScroll Manufacturers and Scribes
5 Writing Practices
âaâDivisions between Words, Small Text Units (Stichs and Verses), Sections, Poetical Units, and Books
âbâPoetic Layout and Superscriptions
âcâScribal Marks and Procedures
âdâDivine Names: Different Approaches and Writing Procedures in the Qumran Scrolls
âeâErrors
âfâScribal Intervention Techniques
âgâMixture of Final and Nonfinal Letters
âhâNotation of Variant Readings and Glosses?
âiâAbbreviations
âjâConsistency
âkâAppendix: Implications for Literary Criticism of Hebrew Scripture
6 Scripts
âaâSquare (Jewish) Script
âbâWriting in the Paleo-Hebrew Script and Its Background
âcâCryptic Scripts
âdâMixture of Scripts
7 Special Scribal Characteristics of Some Groups of Texts
âaâScripture Texts
âbâScripture Texts Written in the Paleo-Hebrew Script
âcâTefillin and Mezuzot
âdâTexts Written on Papyrus
âeâTexts Written in Greek
âfâPesharim
âgâTexts Written in Cryptic Scripts
âhâTexts Written in Aramaic
8 Scribal Traditions
âaâPossible Text Groups
âbâContinuation of Scribal Traditions
âcâPossible Influence from Greek Scribal Practices
âdâScribal Practices Mentioned in Rabbinic Sources
Appendix 1: Characteristic Scribal Features of the Qumran Scribal Practice
Appendix 2: Papyrus Texts from the Judean Desert
Appendix 3: Opisthographs from the Judean Desert
Appendix 4: The Greek Texts from the Judean Desert
Appendix 5: Scribal Features of Early Witnesses of Greek Scripture
Appendix 6: The Texts from Masada
Appendix 7: Scope and Spacing of the Units in the Scripture Text Quoted in the Pesharim
Appendix 8: Some Textual Features of Scripture Manuscripts
Appendix 9: Orthographic and Morphological Features of Texts Written in the Qumran Scribal Practice
Bibliography
Figures
Illustrations
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Judean Desert Texts
Bibliography 2004â
1 Introduction
âaâPurpose and Nature of the Description
âbâText Corpora
âcâSources for the Analysis
âdâBackground of the Documents
2 Scribes
âaâIdentity, Nature, and Status
âbâLearning Scribal Skills
âcâProduction of Scrolls in the Judean Desert?
âdâCharacteristic Features of Individual Scribes
âeâIdentification of Scribal Hands
âfâBackground of Scribal Traditions
âgâApproaches of Scribes to Their Vorlagen
âhâAutographs?
âiâIdentification of the Vorlagen of the Judean Desert Scrolls?
âjâDifferent Levels of Scribal Skills
3 Material Culture: Writing and Writing Materials
âaâPapyrus
âbâTreated Skins
âcâSheets
âdâScrolls
âeâTexts Written on Papyrus
âfâInk
âgâWriting Implements
4 Technical Aspects of Scroll Writing
âaâRuling, Guide Dots/Strokes
âbâOpisthographs and Palimpsests
âcâLength and Scope of Scrolls
âdâDimensions of Sheets, Number of Columns per Sheet
âeâDimensions of Columns and Margins
âfâThe Written Text vis-Ã -vis Horizontal and Vertical Ruling
âgâConventions Used at the Beginnings and Ends of Scrolls
âhâTitles of Compositions and Headers of Sections
âiâUneven Surface, Damage, Repair Stitching, and Patching
âjâDeluxe Editions
âkâRelation between Scrolls and Compositions
âlâScroll Manufacturers and Scribes
5 Writing Practices
âaâDivisions between Words, Small Text Units (Stichs and Verses), Sections, Poetical Units, and Books
âbâPoetic Layout and Superscriptions
âcâScribal Marks and Procedures
âdâDivine Names: Different Approaches and Writing Procedures in the Qumran Scrolls
âeâErrors
âfâScribal Intervention Techniques
âgâMixture of Final and Nonfinal Letters
âhâNotation of Variant Readings and Glosses?
âiâAbbreviations
âjâConsistency
âkâAppendix: Implications for Literary Criticism of Hebrew Scripture
6 Scripts
âaâSquare (Jewish) Script
âbâWriting in the Paleo-Hebrew Script and Its Background
âcâCryptic Scripts
âdâMixture of Scripts
7 Special Scribal Characteristics of Some Groups of Texts
âaâScripture Texts
âbâScripture Texts Written in the Paleo-Hebrew Script
âcâTefillin and Mezuzot
âdâTexts Written on Papyrus
âeâTexts Written in Greek
âfâPesharim
âgâTexts Written in Cryptic Scripts
âhâTexts Written in Aramaic
8 Scribal Traditions
âaâPossible Text Groups
âbâContinuation of Scribal Traditions
âcâPossible Influence from Greek Scribal Practices
âdâScribal Practices Mentioned in Rabbinic Sources
Appendix 1: Characteristic Scribal Features of the Qumran Scribal Practice
Appendix 2: Papyrus Texts from the Judean Desert
Appendix 3: Opisthographs from the Judean Desert
Appendix 4: The Greek Texts from the Judean Desert
Appendix 5: Scribal Features of Early Witnesses of Greek Scripture
Appendix 6: The Texts from Masada
Appendix 7: Scope and Spacing of the Units in the Scripture Text Quoted in the Pesharim
Appendix 8: Some Textual Features of Scripture Manuscripts
Appendix 9: Orthographic and Morphological Features of Texts Written in the Qumran Scribal Practice
Bibliography
Figures
Illustrations
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