Abbreviations
Text Editions
Rabbinic Texts
| b. |
Babylonian Talmud |
| m. |
Mishnah |
| t. |
Tosefta |
| y. |
Jerusalem Talmud |
The abbreviations of the tractates in the Mishnah, Tosefta, Babylonian Talmud, Jerusalem Talmud, and other rabbinic works follow the conventions of The SBL Handbook of Style, 2nd ed. (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 2014). Massekhet Soferim (= Sof.) is quoted according to Higger,
Other Texts
| MT |
BHS |
| LXX |
The individual volumes in the Göttingen Septuagint series, when extant. Otherwise, the text of LXX is quoted from the edition of Rahlfs–Hanhart, Septuaginta. |
| LXXMS(S) |
The individual volumes in the Göttingen Septuagint series, when extant. Otherwise, the text of the manuscript(s) is quoted from the editions of the Cambridge series. |
| LXXLuc |
The Lucianic tradition of the LXX (mainly MSS b, o, c2, e2 according to the sigla used in the Cambridge Septuagint), quoted according to the Göttingen and Cambridge editions. |
| LXX–early papyri |
For bibliographical details, see Aland, Repertorium. |
| S |
The Leiden edition of the Peshitta: The Old Testament in Syriac According to the Peshiṭta Version (Leiden: Brill, 1966–). |
| TF |
Michael L. Klein, The Fragment-Targums of the Pentateuch According to their Extant Sources, 2 vols., AnBib 76 (Rome: Biblical Institute, 1980). |
| TJ |
David Rieder, Pseudo-Jonathan: Targum Jonathan ben Uziel on the Pentateuch (Jerusalem: Salomon’s Printing Press, 1974). |
| TN |
Alejandro Díez Macho, Neophyti I, 5 vols. (Madrid: CSIC, 1968–1978). |
| TO |
Alexander Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic Based on Old Manuscripts and Printed Texts, Vols. I–IVB (Leiden: Brill, 1959–1973); Robert Weber and Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatam versionem, 2 vols., 5th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2007). |
| Sam. Pent (SP) |
Tal–Florentin, Samaritan Version (2010) |
| Mas. Soferim (Sof.) |
Higger, |
| Sifre Numbers |
Haim S. Horowitz, Sifre de-Ve Rav (Leipzig: Gustav Fock, 1917). |
| Sifre Deuteronomy |
Haim S. Horowitz and Louis Finkelstein, Sifre ʿal Sefer Devarim (Deuteronomy) (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1969). |
References and Sundry Abbreviations
| See § h |
See section/paragraph h |
| See ch. 8b |
See chapter 8, section b |
| See ch. 5a3 |
See chapter 5, section a, § 3 |
| Illustr. 6 |
Illustration 6 located at the end of this monograph |
| Figs. 6.1–4 |
Figures 6.1–4 located at the end of this monograph |
| Table 5.5 |
Table 5 in chapter 5 in this monograph |
| 2 BCE/CE |
Second century before the common era/of the common era |
| 4QPsh 1–2 16 |
4QPsh, combined fragments 1–2, line 16 (smaller font) |
| 1QS I 1 |
1QS col. I, line 1 |
| AMS |
Accelerated Mass Spectometry |
| ch. |
chapter |
| col(s). |
column(s) |
| cr |
in Appendix 1: Cryptic A letters written in the margin |
| cross |
in Appendix 1: crossing out elements with a line |
| doc. |
document |
| gd |
in Appendix 1: guide dots/strokes |
| LLDSSDL |
Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library |
| no-gd |
in Appendix 1: lack of guide dots/strokes |
| pal-el |
in Appendix 1: ʾEl in Paleo-Hebrew characters |
| (pal‑)Tetragr |
in Appendix 1: Paleo-Hebrew Tetragrammaton |
| par |
in Appendix 1: parenthesis sign(s) |
| par (box) |
in Appendix 1: box-like parenthesis signs |
| pl(s) |
plate(s) |
| puncta |
Tetrapuncta (four dots representing the divine name) |
| Ra |
Rahlfs |
| Suk. |
Sukenik |
| v., vv. |
verse(s) |
| ⟨ ⟩ |
clarifying addition (in English translations of ancient sources) |
| LXX |
Septuagint |
| PAM |
Palestine Archaeological Museum (referring to photographs) |
| S |
Peshitta |
| SP |
Samaritan Pentateuch |
| T |
Targum |
| V |
Vulgate |
Diacritical Symbols
In texts quoted from the Judean Desert Scrolls, the following diacritical marks are used:
| |
letter that has not been fully preserved, but can be identified with a reasonable degree of certainty |
| |
letter of which only a fraction has been preserved |
| [ |
reconstructed letter |
| / / |
erasure |
| ○ |
unreadable letter |
|
letter crossed out (Table 5.16) |
|
| { |
erased letter, e.g., Table 5.10 |
| ⟨ |
modern editor’s correction |