Sexual Predation and TEFL

Vaughan Rapatahana Ph.D. (1996), University of Auckland, New Zealand, is a fulltime author across several genres, having had published over 40 books in several countries. He instigated and co-edited English Language as Hydra (Multilingual Matters, 2012) and Why English? Confronting the Hydra (Multilingual Matters, 2016).

Acknowledgements
List of Figures

Introduction: Sexual Predation and TEFL (Teaching of English as a Foreign Language)
 1 The Locations Where Sexual Predation in TEFL Occurs
 2 The Ascending Scale of Sexual Predation in the TEFL Industry
 3 What and Where Is Sexual Exploitation, Harassment, and Predation?
 4 The Size of the Problem
 5 Methodology of This Book
 6 Where Is the Literature?
 7 An Outline of the Structure of This Book

1 The English Language Hydra
 1 The Pull Factors behind the Hydra
 2 The Push Factors behind the Hydra
 3 Linguistic Imperialism Redux
 4 The Us vs Them Power Schism
 5 More Hydra Myths
 6 The Hydra as Enabler of Sexual Imperialism
 7 Coda: What Is This English Anyway?

2 Native-Speaking English Teachers (NETS)
 1 White NETS
 2 NET Opposition to Criticisms
 3 What about Local English Teachers (LETS) of EFL as Agents of Sexual Predation? What about Expatriate Teachers of Other Subjects?
 4 A Summary So Far

3 Aid Agencies, Voluntourism, Orphanage Tourism and TEFL

4 The Attraction of Teaching and Learning English Overseas
 1 Why TEFL NETS Travel? What Draws Them to Do So?
 2 Definitions and Motivations of NETS
 3 The Sexual Motivations of Some TEFL NETS
 4 A Return to Voluntourism: Motivations and Connotations
 5 Cultural Misunderstandings
 6 Why Do Students Travel to Learn English? Travelling Overseas to Study the Tongue
 7 Akogare and Travel Abroad to Acquire English
 8 Another Perspective on akogare. Reverse Sex Tourism in Nepal

5 Sexualisation, Sexual Commodification, and Sexism in the TEFL Industry
 1 A Slight Digression
 2 Using Sex to Promote the English Language Business in the Advertising and Online Marketing of Non-Western Language and Tuition Centres
 3 Teaching English as a Foreign Language through Sex
 4 Further Examples of Sexualised TEFL Learning Resources

6 English as a Sexualised Language: Sexism, and Gender Imbalance in EFL Textbooks
 1 Is English Inherently a Sexist Language?
 2 Sexism and Gender Imbalance in TEFL Textbooks, an Avenue for Sexual Exploitation? An Overview
 3 How Western Produced EFL Textbooks Are Perceived in Non-Western Climes
 4 Do Gender Biased EFL Textbooks Link to Potential Sexual Harassment and Predation?
 5 TEFL Textbooks also Reinforce English Cultural and Language Imperialism
 6 A Summary So Far

7 Serious Sexual Harassment
 1 Male Student Harassment of White and ‘Non-White’ Women Teachers and Students of English as a Foreign Language
 2 A ‘Major Component’ of Sexual Harassment in TEFL, Is Carried Out by Male NETS and LETS against Their Adult Students, and Sometimes Their Teaching Peers (see Figure 18)
 3 Males Employed in the TEFL Industry Sexually Harassing Women at TEFL Conferences, and, Separately, via Their TEFL Managerial Roles
 4 The Sexual Harassment and Predation of EFL Students Who Travel Overseas to Study the Tongue
 5 Sexual Harassment of Overseas Women Teachers of EFL, by Locals
 6 Another Area of Concern Relates to the Serious Sexual Harassment of Female (Developmental) Aid Workers Overseas, Including Their Teachers of EFL
 7 Teaching English as a Missionary Language: TEML

8 Sex Tourism and TEFL/Glorification of Sexual Conquests by (Some) NETS
 1 Some Caveats
 2 Local Conditions
 3 TEFL Teachers and Sex Tourism
 4 Local Attitudes towards Foreign NETS

9 EFL Teachers as Travelling Child Sex Offenders
 1 TCSO: Terminologies Situational and Preferential Offenders
 2 The Preferential TCSO Teaching EFL
 3 The TCSO and TEFL Voluntourism and Orphanage Tourism
 4 TCSO and TEFL in and outside Schools / Tuition Centres
 5 Newspaper Reports on TEFL TCSO
 6 Alleged, Arrested, Charged, and Convicted Travelling/Transnational (Child) Sex Offenders Who Taught EFL Overseas
 7 English Language Sexual Imperialism (ELSI) Redux

10 Sexualised Murders Associated with TEFL
 1 Developmental Aid Workers Who Teach English Overseas, Such as in the Peace Corps
 2 Women English Language Teachers (NETS) Who Go Overseas to Teach the Language
 3 English Language Students Who Travel Overseas to Study the Tongue
 4 Murders of Students/Locals by TCSO NET Males Who Travel Overseas to Teach

11 Loopholes: Why Combatting Sexual Predation in TEFL Is Not a Simple Issue
 1 Local Issues That Contribute to Sexual Predation within TEFL
 2 Lack of (Local) Background Checking and Vetting of Teachers
 3 Exporting Countries: Issues with Allowing Sex Offenders to Travel

12 Combatting Sexual Predation in TEFL
 1 Countries Striving to Close Any Loopholes
 2 What Else Is Being Done about Cases of Sexual Predation in the TEFL Industry?
 3 Organisations/NGO s Who Combat the Sexual Predation of Children by TCSO
 4 Professional ELT Bodies
 5 Unfortunately, Even with Some Progress, There Still Will Be Problems
 6 What Needs to Be Done More Broadly?

Conclusion: Summary and Suggested Solutions
 1 The Solution
 2 Another Counter: Address These Sexual Offences in TEFL
 3 Other Measures
 4 Final Remarks

Appendix A: Travelling/Transnational (Child) Sex Offenders Who Taught EFL Overseas Alleged and Convicted

Appendix B: Further Online Blogs Concerning Offensive TEFL NETS Excerpts: The Following Blog Extracts Are Self-Explanatory, and Revelatory about How Some Tefl Nets Are Perceived
 1 English Teaching in Bangkok
 2 Pedophiles Destroying Views about Teaching Overseas
 3 Teaching English in Thailand
 4 Two Types of TEFL NETS
 5 My Own Encounters with TEFL Sex Tourists and TCSO (Rapatahana, 2023)
 6 Coda

Index

TEFL teachers, tutors, and employing bodies. Researchers engaged with Education, English language, Sociology, as well as Legal academics, students and libraries. This book is also of great relevance to aid organisations employing NETS, Organisations/NGOs that counter TCSO, and university overseas students' welfare associations.