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Jesus in the Latin Talmud
Judaism and Christianity during the Disputation of Paris in 1240 and Other Transcultural Issues
Series: - Jewish and Christian Perspectives Series, Volume: 40
Author:
Between 1238 and 1239, the notorious Jewish convert Nicholas Donin persuaded Pope Gregory IX to condemn the Talmud, prompting European kings to intervene. Only King Louis IX of France agreed to a public disputation in 1240, subjecting the Talmud to scrutiny. Prominent Jewish and Christian figures debated Jesus in the Talmud. The Talmud was condemned between 1241 and 1242, but the Church of Paris, responding to Jewish pleas, allowed an appeal. Scholars were commissioned to translate portions of the Talmud, resulting in two anthologies titled Extractiones de Talmudâthe first translation of this work. Still, this did not save the Talmud from burning.
Federico Dal Bo (b. 1973), Ph.D. (University of Bologna, 2005), Ph.D. (Free University of Berlin, 2009), is Senior Lecturer in Jewish Studies at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. He has published monographs and many articles on Judaism and Philosophy, including Deconstructing the Talmud: The Absolute Book (Routledge, 2019), Judaism, Philosophy, and Psychoanalysis in Heidegger's Ontology: Harrowing the Heath (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023), and Print, Power, and Cultural Hegemony: A Material History of Early Hebrew Prints (De Gruyter, 2024).
Preface
Abbreviations
Hebrew and Aramaic Transliteration System
Introduction: The Latin Translations of the Talmud
â1âThe Talmud and Talmudic Manuscripts in Medieval France
â2âRepetitions of the (Jewish) Law: The Church and the âSecond Lawâ
â3âA Jewish Convert from the 13th Century: Nicholas Donin and the âSecond Lawâ
â4âTranslating the Talmud into Latin: Nicholas Donin and the Other Translators
â5âThe Extractiones de Talmud: The Sequential Version and the Thematic Version
â6âThe Jewish Commentators on the Talmud: Rashi and His Glosses in the Extractiones de Talmud
1 Textualizing, De-textualizing and Re-textualizing the Talmud: The Dimension of Text in the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âRe-casting Augustineâs Paradigm on the Jews
â2âThe âChain of Traditionâ and Its Discontents
â3âTextualizing Oral Traditions: The Dimension of Text and Speech in the Talmud
â4âDe-textualizing the Talmud: Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â5âThe Text and the Commentary: On the Talmud and Its Interpreters
â6âRe-textualizing the Babylonian Talmud: Glosses and Other Remedies
2 The (Un)Holy Family of Jesus in the Babylonian Talmud, Nicholas Donin, the Toledot Yeshu, and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âJesus Ben Stada and Jesus Ben Panthera in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and Tractate Sanhedrin
â2âBen Stada as Jesus Nazarene in the Extractiones de Talmud and Their Glosses
â3âThe Mention of the Toledot Yeshu in the Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
â4âThe Contents of the Toledot Yeshu according to the Extractiones de Talmud
â5âAlleged Talmudic Obligations of Using Blasphemies against Foreign Cults
3 Jesusâs Trial in the Babylonian Talmud, Nicholas Donin, and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Execution of a Death Sentence in the Mishna and the Talmud
â2âJesusâs Trial in the Gospels and in Tractate Sanhedrin
â3âJesusâs Trial in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and the Sequential Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
â4âSome Missing Material on Jesusâs Trial Reported in Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
4 Jesusâs Punishment in Hell in the Babylonian Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Talmudic Context for Jesusâs Punishment in Hell and a Talmud Rationale for Punishing Heretics
â2âJesusâs Punishment in Hell in the Babylonian Talmud
â3âJesusâs Punishment in Hell in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud, the Sequential and Thematic Versions of the Extractiones de Talmud, and the Excerptum de Talmud
â4âThe Rationale for Jesusâs Punishment in Hell in Nicholas Donin, the Sequential and the Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud, and the Excerptum de Talmud
â5âJesusâs Trial in the Excerptum de Talmud and the Latin Versions of the Disputation of Paris
5 Hebrew and Aramaic Terms in the Extractiones de Talmud: The Terms Yeshiva and Metivta in Their Latin Translations
â1âScripture, Translations, and Cultural Adaptations
â2âTranslating the Talmud as Negotiating between Judaism and Christianity
â3âA Historical Premise: Teaching the Talmud in Sasanian Babylon
â4âProving the Case: Translating the Terms Yeshiva and Metivta into Latin
6 The Mysterious Diseases Askara and Serunki in Their Medieval Reception: Some Lexicographical Insight from the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Rare Hebrew Term Askara in the Talmud
â2âRashiâs Understanding of the Term Askara and Other Respiratory Diseases
â3âRashiâs Gloss on the Hebrew Term Askara in the Extractiones de Talmud and the Excerptum de Talmud
â4âA Possible Conclusion: Three Symptoms, Two Diseases
7 Talmudic Angelology and the Tosafists: On Metatron in the Babylonian Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âMetatron in Tractate Sanhedrin
â2âRabbenu Tam on Metatron
â3âThe Extractiones de Talmud and Their Treatment of Metatron
â4âGlosses in the Extractiones de Talmud
8 A Priestâs âUncircumcised Heart:â Some Theological-Political Remarks on a Rashi Gloss in Tractate Sanhedrin and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âA Talmudic Problem: Accessing Holy Things after Defilement?
â2âServing a âForeign Cult:â The Riʾshonim on Forced Conversions
â3âRashi Commenting on Tractate Sanhedrin: The âSon of a Foreignerâ in Condition of Uncleanness
â4âEstrangement from God: The Rishonim Commenting on the âSon of a Foreignerâ
â5âTranslating Rashi into Latin: Making the Implicit Explicit
Conclusion
â1âDeath Penalty between Theology, Politics, and Authority
â2âAssimilation through Simplification
â3âThe Latin Translator and His Time
â4âThe Disputation on the Talmud: A Fragmented Anti-Jewish Front
â5âThe Latin Translations of the Talmud: Their Aftermath and Impact
Appendix 1: A Dossier against the Talmud
Appendix 2: Some Textual Differences between the Extractiones de Talmud and the Textus Receptus of the Talmud
Bibliography
Index
Abbreviations
Hebrew and Aramaic Transliteration System
Introduction: The Latin Translations of the Talmud
â1âThe Talmud and Talmudic Manuscripts in Medieval France
â2âRepetitions of the (Jewish) Law: The Church and the âSecond Lawâ
â3âA Jewish Convert from the 13th Century: Nicholas Donin and the âSecond Lawâ
â4âTranslating the Talmud into Latin: Nicholas Donin and the Other Translators
â5âThe Extractiones de Talmud: The Sequential Version and the Thematic Version
â6âThe Jewish Commentators on the Talmud: Rashi and His Glosses in the Extractiones de Talmud
1 Textualizing, De-textualizing and Re-textualizing the Talmud: The Dimension of Text in the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âRe-casting Augustineâs Paradigm on the Jews
â2âThe âChain of Traditionâ and Its Discontents
â3âTextualizing Oral Traditions: The Dimension of Text and Speech in the Talmud
â4âDe-textualizing the Talmud: Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â5âThe Text and the Commentary: On the Talmud and Its Interpreters
â6âRe-textualizing the Babylonian Talmud: Glosses and Other Remedies
2 The (Un)Holy Family of Jesus in the Babylonian Talmud, Nicholas Donin, the Toledot Yeshu, and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âJesus Ben Stada and Jesus Ben Panthera in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and Tractate Sanhedrin
â2âBen Stada as Jesus Nazarene in the Extractiones de Talmud and Their Glosses
â3âThe Mention of the Toledot Yeshu in the Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
â4âThe Contents of the Toledot Yeshu according to the Extractiones de Talmud
â5âAlleged Talmudic Obligations of Using Blasphemies against Foreign Cults
3 Jesusâs Trial in the Babylonian Talmud, Nicholas Donin, and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Execution of a Death Sentence in the Mishna and the Talmud
â2âJesusâs Trial in the Gospels and in Tractate Sanhedrin
â3âJesusâs Trial in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud and the Sequential Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
â4âSome Missing Material on Jesusâs Trial Reported in Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud
4 Jesusâs Punishment in Hell in the Babylonian Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Talmudic Context for Jesusâs Punishment in Hell and a Talmud Rationale for Punishing Heretics
â2âJesusâs Punishment in Hell in the Babylonian Talmud
â3âJesusâs Punishment in Hell in Nicholas Doninâs Thirty-Five Articles Against the Talmud, the Sequential and Thematic Versions of the Extractiones de Talmud, and the Excerptum de Talmud
â4âThe Rationale for Jesusâs Punishment in Hell in Nicholas Donin, the Sequential and the Thematic Version of the Extractiones de Talmud, and the Excerptum de Talmud
â5âJesusâs Trial in the Excerptum de Talmud and the Latin Versions of the Disputation of Paris
5 Hebrew and Aramaic Terms in the Extractiones de Talmud: The Terms Yeshiva and Metivta in Their Latin Translations
â1âScripture, Translations, and Cultural Adaptations
â2âTranslating the Talmud as Negotiating between Judaism and Christianity
â3âA Historical Premise: Teaching the Talmud in Sasanian Babylon
â4âProving the Case: Translating the Terms Yeshiva and Metivta into Latin
6 The Mysterious Diseases Askara and Serunki in Their Medieval Reception: Some Lexicographical Insight from the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âThe Rare Hebrew Term Askara in the Talmud
â2âRashiâs Understanding of the Term Askara and Other Respiratory Diseases
â3âRashiâs Gloss on the Hebrew Term Askara in the Extractiones de Talmud and the Excerptum de Talmud
â4âA Possible Conclusion: Three Symptoms, Two Diseases
7 Talmudic Angelology and the Tosafists: On Metatron in the Babylonian Talmud and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âMetatron in Tractate Sanhedrin
â2âRabbenu Tam on Metatron
â3âThe Extractiones de Talmud and Their Treatment of Metatron
â4âGlosses in the Extractiones de Talmud
8 A Priestâs âUncircumcised Heart:â Some Theological-Political Remarks on a Rashi Gloss in Tractate Sanhedrin and the Extractiones de Talmud
â1âA Talmudic Problem: Accessing Holy Things after Defilement?
â2âServing a âForeign Cult:â The Riʾshonim on Forced Conversions
â3âRashi Commenting on Tractate Sanhedrin: The âSon of a Foreignerâ in Condition of Uncleanness
â4âEstrangement from God: The Rishonim Commenting on the âSon of a Foreignerâ
â5âTranslating Rashi into Latin: Making the Implicit Explicit
Conclusion
â1âDeath Penalty between Theology, Politics, and Authority
â2âAssimilation through Simplification
â3âThe Latin Translator and His Time
â4âThe Disputation on the Talmud: A Fragmented Anti-Jewish Front
â5âThe Latin Translations of the Talmud: Their Aftermath and Impact
Appendix 1: A Dossier against the Talmud
Appendix 2: Some Textual Differences between the Extractiones de Talmud and the Textus Receptus of the Talmud
Bibliography
Index
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