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Humans and Other Animals in the Middle Ages
An Introduction and Reader
Series: - Explorations in Medieval Culture, Volume: 27
Author:
This sourcebook serves both as an introduction and a wide-ranging reference work for human attitudes to nonhuman animals in Latin Europe during the Middle Ages. Under twelve headings, it includes numerous translated passages from Latin and vernacular texts that reflect human conceptions and uses of other animals during the period 300-1520. Theologians, philosophers, encyclopaedists, bestiarists, hagiographers, chroniclers, huntsmen and writers of agricultural manuals, cookbooks and plague treatises all had something to say about the place of nonhuman animals in their world and their interaction with humans, or simply recorded incidentally what they did in their writings. All are represented here.
Philip Line, Ph.D. (2003), University of Leeds. He now works as an independent researcher on human-animal relations. His most recent publication is "The elephants who appealed to the gods: Animal agency in the Roman arena" (Trace: Journal for Human-Animal Studies, 2022).
Dedication
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
Introduction
â1âNotes
1 The Genesis of the Animals
â1âThe Medieval Conception of the Biblical Creation
â2âThe Naming of the Animals
â3âAnimals Wild and Tame
2 Animals in Medieval Natural Philosophy
â1âDefining the Animal
â2âCategorizing Animals
â3âAnimals in the scala naturae
â4âHuman and Nonhuman Souls and Their Faculties
â5âAnimal Society
3 Animals as Exemplars
â1âAnimals as Didactic Tools
â2âThe Symmetry of Nature
â3âPhysiologus and the Bestiaries
â4âThe Medieval Encyclopaedia of Nature
â5âAnimals in Homilies and Sermons
â6âPhysiognomy
â7âSymbols of Ferocity, Valour and Lineage
â8âAnimal Behaviour as Portents
4 Animals in Field, Park, and Forest
â1âAnimal Husbandry
â2âThe Lot of the Working Animal
â3âForesta and Parks
5 Hunting
â1âDefining the Medieval Hunt
â2âQuarry Animals
â3âAnimals Who Assisted in the Hunt
â4âMedieval Conservation?
â5âHunting of Rival Predators
â6âIllegal Hunting
â7âCriticism of Hunting
6 Animals and Law
â1âNatural Law
â2âAnimals in the âLaws of the Barbariansâ
â3âAnimals in High Medieval Law
â4âHuman Ownership of Animals and the Right to Hunt Them
â5âTrials, Execution and Cursing of Nonhuman Animals
â6âExecution of Animals for Involvement in Bestiality
7 Beast-Humans and Human Beasts
â1âMonstrous Beings, Monstrous Races
â2âMetamorphosis
â3âZoophilia
â4âOffspring of Human-Beast Unions
â5âHumans Acting Beasts
â6âHumans Compared to Beasts
â7âBeasts Representing Humans
8 Animals as Food
â1âEating as Differentiator of Humans from Other Animals
â2âThe Old Law Dietary Restrictions in Christianity
â3âCultural Taboos
â4âMeat-Eating, Lust and Gluttony
â5âMeat for the Starving
â6âHuman Meat, Animal Meat
â7âAnimals in the Human Diet
â8âEntertaining Meals
â9âFood Waste Management
â10âAnimal Fast Food
9 Animals, Disease and Medicine
â1âAnimals as Sources of Medicinal Cures or Causes of Injury and Disease
â2âCare of Domesticated Animals
â3âAnimal Self-Help
â4âAnimals as Medical Metaphors
â5âEpidemics among Domestic Animals and the Human Perception of Them
10 Animals and Saints
11 Animals for Show and Companionship
â1âMenageries
â2âAnimals as Companions to Humans
â3âAnimals in the Cloister
â4âPets of the Secular Aristocracy
â5âNaming Household Animals
â6âAnimals Punished as Surrogates for Human Owners
â7âAnimals for Entertainment
12 Animals at War
â1âWarlike Animals?
â2âThe Warhorse
â3âOther Animals in Battle
â4âFeeding the âBeasts of Battleâ
â5âAnimal Messengers
â6âAnimal Attrition: on the March, in Camp and in Sieges
â7âAnimals Stolen and Slaughtered
Quoted Authors
Bibliography of Works from Which Passages Are Quoted
Figures
Index
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
Introduction
â1âNotes
1 The Genesis of the Animals
â1âThe Medieval Conception of the Biblical Creation
â2âThe Naming of the Animals
â3âAnimals Wild and Tame
2 Animals in Medieval Natural Philosophy
â1âDefining the Animal
â2âCategorizing Animals
â3âAnimals in the scala naturae
â4âHuman and Nonhuman Souls and Their Faculties
â5âAnimal Society
3 Animals as Exemplars
â1âAnimals as Didactic Tools
â2âThe Symmetry of Nature
â3âPhysiologus and the Bestiaries
â4âThe Medieval Encyclopaedia of Nature
â5âAnimals in Homilies and Sermons
â6âPhysiognomy
â7âSymbols of Ferocity, Valour and Lineage
â8âAnimal Behaviour as Portents
4 Animals in Field, Park, and Forest
â1âAnimal Husbandry
â2âThe Lot of the Working Animal
â3âForesta and Parks
5 Hunting
â1âDefining the Medieval Hunt
â2âQuarry Animals
â3âAnimals Who Assisted in the Hunt
â4âMedieval Conservation?
â5âHunting of Rival Predators
â6âIllegal Hunting
â7âCriticism of Hunting
6 Animals and Law
â1âNatural Law
â2âAnimals in the âLaws of the Barbariansâ
â3âAnimals in High Medieval Law
â4âHuman Ownership of Animals and the Right to Hunt Them
â5âTrials, Execution and Cursing of Nonhuman Animals
â6âExecution of Animals for Involvement in Bestiality
7 Beast-Humans and Human Beasts
â1âMonstrous Beings, Monstrous Races
â2âMetamorphosis
â3âZoophilia
â4âOffspring of Human-Beast Unions
â5âHumans Acting Beasts
â6âHumans Compared to Beasts
â7âBeasts Representing Humans
8 Animals as Food
â1âEating as Differentiator of Humans from Other Animals
â2âThe Old Law Dietary Restrictions in Christianity
â3âCultural Taboos
â4âMeat-Eating, Lust and Gluttony
â5âMeat for the Starving
â6âHuman Meat, Animal Meat
â7âAnimals in the Human Diet
â8âEntertaining Meals
â9âFood Waste Management
â10âAnimal Fast Food
9 Animals, Disease and Medicine
â1âAnimals as Sources of Medicinal Cures or Causes of Injury and Disease
â2âCare of Domesticated Animals
â3âAnimal Self-Help
â4âAnimals as Medical Metaphors
â5âEpidemics among Domestic Animals and the Human Perception of Them
10 Animals and Saints
11 Animals for Show and Companionship
â1âMenageries
â2âAnimals as Companions to Humans
â3âAnimals in the Cloister
â4âPets of the Secular Aristocracy
â5âNaming Household Animals
â6âAnimals Punished as Surrogates for Human Owners
â7âAnimals for Entertainment
12 Animals at War
â1âWarlike Animals?
â2âThe Warhorse
â3âOther Animals in Battle
â4âFeeding the âBeasts of Battleâ
â5âAnimal Messengers
â6âAnimal Attrition: on the March, in Camp and in Sieges
â7âAnimals Stolen and Slaughtered
Quoted Authors
Bibliography of Works from Which Passages Are Quoted
Figures
Index
Universities and academic libraries of institutions where history, social sciences and/or human-animal interaction is studied, students of human-animal relations at all levels, non-academic people interested in or wishing to become acquainted with the subject.