Eugene Y. Parkâs annotated translation of a long-awaited book by Kim Ingeol introduces Anglophone readers to a path-breaking scholarship on the widening social base of political actors who shaped âpublic opinionâ (kongnon) in early modern Korea. Initially limited to high officials, the articulators of public opinion as the state and elites recognized grew in number to include mid-level civil officials, State Confucian College students, all Confucian literati (yurim), influential commoners who took over local councils (hyanghoe), and the general population. Marshaling evidence from a wealth of documents, Kim presents a compelling case for the indigenous origins of Korean democracy.
Kim Ingeol, Ph.D., Seoul National University, is a Professor Emeritus of Korean History at his alma mater. He has published numerous studies in Korean history, including ChosÅn sidae sahoesa wa Hanâguksa insik [ChosÅn social history and understanding Korean history] (KyÅngin munhwasa, 2017).
Eugene Y. Park, Ph.D., Harvard University, is a Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Reno. He has published books, book chapters, and articles in Korean history, including Korea: A History (Stanford University Press, 2022).
Translatorâs Preface Authorâs Preface to the English Edition Authorâs Preface to the Korean Edition List of Figures Conventions Notes on Contributors
Introduction
1 The Setting: Structure and Evolution
â1âChosÅn Political History and the Politics of Public Opinion
â2âThe Structure of Public Opinion Politics
â3âLocal Councils and the Evolution of Public Opinion Politics
2 Conventional Wisdom: Continuity and Break
â1âPopular Opinion and the Politics of Public Opinion
â2âThe Transformation of Politics of Public Opinion
â3âBreak and Continuity in the Eighteenth Century
3 Changing Characteristics of Eighteenth-Century Local Councils
â1âCounty Public Opinion Divided
â2âIncreased Government Control and Assemblies of All People (Taesomin hoeÅi)
â3âFrom an Organ of Aristocratic Autonomy to a Tax Advisory Body
4 New Politics of Public Opinion in the Nineteenth Century
â1âDirections for Understanding Nineteenth-Century History
â2âForms of Local Councils and Conflicting Methods of Implementing Public Opinion
â3âTransformed Local Councils in the Nineteenth Century
5 The Rise of Peopleâs Assemblies
â1âPeopleâs Assemblies and Popular Uprisings
â2âPopular Opinion and the 1862 Peopleâs Assembly in Sangju, KyÅngsang
â3âThe 1862 Peopleâs Assembly in SÅngju, KyÅngsang
â4âThe 1869 Popular Disturbance (MinbyÅn) and the Peopleâs Assembly of ChâunwÅn District in KosÅng, KyÅngsang
â5âThe Transformation of Peopleâs Assemblies
â6âThe 1894 Group Petition from TosÅn District in KosÅng, KyÅngsang
Final Thoughts List of Transliterated Terms Works Cited Index
Specialists in Korean history, Asian studies, social history, and early modern studies; and graduate and undergraduate students in Korean history and Asian studies.