The Dialectic of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola

by Gaston Fessard S.J.

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Gaston Fessard, S.J. (1897–1978), was a major mid-twentieth century French intellectual. He was a Hegel expert, but also wrote on issues of the day ranging from the Vichy regime to Christian-Marxist dialogue. The product of several decades of reflection, Fessard’s work on the Dialectic of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola is the only one of its kind, a careful and penetrating study into the structure and tension of life-changing choices that Ignatius had in mind in his four week spiritual exercises. The Exercises insist on the way of making a spiritual Election, or choice in keeping with God’s will for oneself and for the Christian community at a particular moment in one’s existence.

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Oliva Blanchette held a doctorate from Laval University in Quebec and taught philosophy for many years at Boston College. Past president of the Metaphysical Society of America and the International Society for Metaphysics, he translated several books by Maurice Blondel.

James Colbert has a doctorate from the University of Navarre in Spain. He taught philosophy at Boston State College and Fitchburg State University. He has translated a number of books by Étienne Gilson.
Thoughts on the Dialectic of the Spiritual Exercises
 Oliva Blanchette and James Colbert

List of Figures

Preface

Postscript

Introduction

1 Division of the Exercises
 1 How to Make the Four Weeks Coincide with the Three Ways?
 2 Deduction of the Divisions of the Exercises

part 1: Before the Act of Freedom


2 Positing Non-being: Week One

3 Negation of the Positing of Non-being: Week Two
 1 The Three Degrees of Humility

Part 2: Passage from the Before to the After


Introduction to Part 2

4 The Election
 1 Preamble to the Election
 2 Introduction concerning the Things about Which Election Must Be Made
 3 The Three Times of the Election
 4 Two Ways of Making Election in the Third Time (Numbers 178–188)
 5 For the Amendment and Reform of One’s Own Life and Condition (Number 189)

Part 3: After the Act of Freedom


Introduction to Part 3

5 Exclusion of All Non-being: Third Week
 1 The Growth of the Exclusion of Non-being
 2 Passage from the Third to the Fourth Moment: Triduum Mortis
 3 Application to the Act of Freedom

6 Positing of Being: Fourth Week
 1 Application to the Act of Freedom
 2 Growth of the Positing of the Being
 3 The Disappearance of the Positing of Being: Ascension

Conclusion: The Contemplatio Ad Amorem Obtinendum
 1 First Point
 2 Second Point
 3 Third Point
 4 Fourth Point
 5 Suscipe

Circularity of the Exercises and Circularity of Absolute Knowledge: From Ignatius to Hegel through Hölderlin
Afterword
 1 Essay on Constructing a Geometrical Scheme of the Exercises
 2 Division of the Exercises
 3 Perspectives
Appendix: Rules for the Discernment of Spirits
 1 Rules for the First Week (Numbers 313–327)
 2 Rules for the Second Week (Numbers 328–336)
Further Study of the Ignatian Maxim
 Haec sit prima agendorum regula: sic Deo fide, quasi rerum successus omnis a te, nihil a Deo ponderet; ita tamen iis omnem operam admove, quasi tu nihil, Deus omnia solus sit facturus
 Section 1: Sources of the Traditional Maxim
 Section 2: Structure of Maxim Number 2
 Section 3: The Objections against the Traditional Maxim
 Section 4: The Secret of These Objections
Figures
 Figures 1–10
 Figures 14–19
 Figures 20–29
 Elogium Sepulcrale
Index
The book will interest researchers in Jesuit Studies; persons who give the Spiritual Exercises or do them; those who give other kinds of retreats; students of Hegel; students of religious history. Keywords: after and before, Being, better, Bremond, contemplation, decision, discernment, Election, four weeks, freedom, Hegel, Hevenesi, Hölderlin, Non-being, perfect.
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