Judges 19-21 and Ruth

Canon as a Voice of Answerability

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Previous scholarship hints at the connection between Judges 19–21 and Ruth (as set in dialogue), but there has yet to be a study to articulate this relationship. Through a Bakhtinian-canonical perspective, a comparative analysis of these texts unveils intertextual correlations. Lexical and thematic connections include shared idioms, contrasting themes of חרם (“ban”) andחסד (“loving–kindness,” “covenant–faithfulness”), silence and speech, abuse and potential for abuse, gendered violence and feminine agency. This case-study reveals that Ruth, as a text and as a woman, embodies a voice of answerability to the silenced and abused women in Judges 19–21

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Jennifer M. Matheny, PhD (2021), University of Kent (Canterbury, UK), is Assistant Professor of Old Testament at Nazarene Theological Seminary (Kansas City, MO).
Acknowledgments
List of Figures and Tables

1 Introduction
 Judges 19–21 and Ruth in Canonical Dialogue
 Canon and Answerability
 Reading Silence
 Outline of the Book

2 The Answerability of Canon
 A Voice for the Voiceless in Judges 19–21
 The Polyphonic Nature of Canon
 On the Quest for a Voice: Discovering the Utterance
 The Chronotopes
 Canon as a Voice of Answerability
 The Use of נתח as a Voice of Canonical Answerability
 Conclusion

3 Judges 19–21 as a Dialogic משל
 Understanding Judges 19–21 as a Dialogic משל
 Bakhtin’s Voice in the Dialogue of Genre
 Dialogic משל
 To “I.D.” a Body of Literature: An Unfinalized Threshold
 The Instrument of Dismemberment: המאכלת
 Thresholds: סף and מפתן
 Conclusion

4 Haunted Dialogue
 Utterances of the Mute and Mutilated (Judges 20 and 21)
 If There Was “No King in Israel,” Who Is in Charge?
 Not a King but Acting Like One
 The Account of this Evil
 The Reported Speech of the Levite
 The Woman, the One Slain
 Unity at Mizpah
 Sons of Worthlessness—My Brother?
 Name-Dropping as Theological-Political Symbols: The Ark of the Covenant of God and Phinehas
 Mizpah: Oaths and Weeping
 Conclusion

5 חרם in Canonical Dialogue
 Thresholds of No Return: חרם
 חרם as a Function of Grotesque Realism
 Achan and Rahab: Who is Truly חרם in Joshua?
 Narrative Setting
 חרם: Why All the Fuss?
 Canonical Answerability for the Silent?
 Conclusion

6 Ruth’s Chronotope in the Canon
 Ruth as a Traveling Text
 Ruth as a Threshold Text
 Dating of Ruth
 Ruth’s Chronotope in the Canons
 Form, Function, and the Dialogic Nature of Genre
 Previous Scholarship on the Genre of Ruth
 A New Way Forward: Ruth’s Function as a Dialogic משל
 Ruth as a Dialogic משל and a Voice of Canonical Answerability
 Answerability as a Feature of the Dialogism: Ruth and Tamar
 Conclusion

7 The Answerability of Borders and Identity
 Ruth 1: The Dialogical Nature of Names
 Women in Relational Answerability: Naomi, Orpah and Ruth (Ruth 1)
 The Chronotope of Borders: Between and in between Moab and Bethlehem
 Borders of Ethnicity
 Naomi, Ruth and Orpah: Relational Answerability
 Naomi’s Lament
 Intertextual Utterances
 Conclusion

8 Chronotope Encounters in Ruth 2 and 3
 Chronotopes of Field and Threshing Floor
 The Chronotope of Encounter
 Encounter with Boaz: A Dialogue of Identity
 Ruth’s Response: Speak to the Heart
 Canonical Answerability: Genesis 19 and Ruth 2
 Chronotope of Encounter: The Threshing Floor
 Ruth 3:9 in Canonical Dialogue with the Torah: Violator or Creative Agent?
 Foreign Women in the Canonical Dialogue of Identity
 Conclusion

9 Progentitive Problems in Ruth 4
 Progenitive Problems Answered by Purchased Possessions
 Chronotope of Encounter: The City Gate
 Canonical Answerability for the Silent
 Ruth’s Loophole of Identity
 The Women of Bethlehem: A Voice of Answerability for Ruth and Naomi
 The Canonical Dialogue of חסד in Ruth
 Ruth Embodies חסד Towards Naomi
 The Dialogic Encounter of Law and Narrative
 Conclusion

10 Judges 19–21 and Ruth in Dialogue
 Ruth as a Voice of Canonical Answerability
 Ruth and Judges as a Dialogic משל
 Idioms in Dialogue: נשא אשה (Judges 21:23; Ruth 1:4) and דבר על־לב (Judges 19:3; Ruth 2:13)
 A Dialogue of Identity: The Women in Judges 19–21 and Ruth
 Oaths in Dialogue
 Ruth as the Reversal פילגש? Utterances of Identity and Alterity
 Conclusion: Earth-Keeping and People-Keeping

Appendix: Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, an Unfinalized Life: A Brief Biography and Story of His Honorary Doctorate from Yale University
Bibliography
Index of Scriptures
Index of Subjects
Readership for this book will be academic libraries, professors, and post graduate students. Subject areas are Hebrew Bible, Biblical Studies, Philosophy, Literary Studies, Hermeneutics, and Psychology.
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