Reviewed here is global research on how 13 types of Voluntary Membership Associations (MAs) have significantly or substantially had global impacts on human history, societies, and life. Such outcomes have occurred especially in the past 200+ years since the Industrial Revolution circa 1800 CE, and its accompanying Organizational Revolution. Emphasized are longer-term, historical, and societal or multinational impacts of MAs, rather than more micro-level (individual) or meso-level (organizational) outcomes. MAs are distinctively structured, with power coming from the membership, not top-down. The author has characterized MAs as the dark matter of the nonprofit/third sector, using an astrophysical metaphor. Astrophysicists have shown that most physical matter in the universe is dark in the sense of being unseen, not stars or planets.
David Horton Smith (Ph.D. Harvard University, 1965) is Research and Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Boston College, USA. Founder (1971) of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action/ARNOVA (www.arnova.org) and NVSQ, he is founding editor of this journal.
Editorial Introduction: The Beat of a Different DrumâVoluntary Associations as an Alternative and Neglected Voluntary Sector Paradigm
âColin Rochester Author Biography
âDavid Horton Smith
The Global Historical and Contemporary Impacts of Voluntary Membership Associations on Human Societies: A Literature Review
âDavid Horton Smith
âAbstract
âKeywords
âSynopsis
âAâOverview
âBâDefinitions
âCâScientific Paradigm Shifts, Metaphors, and Broader Meanings of Global Impact
âDâHistorical Background of MA Impact Research
âEâKey Association Types for Global Impact
âFâConclusion
âGâRecent Trends and Research Needed
âHâUsable Knowledge
âIâBibliography
Anyone interested in the field of Voluntaristics worldwide, academics and researchers in anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, and psychology, and those interested in Area studies, the social professions, and history.