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Ad vivum?
Visual Materials and the Vocabulary of Life-Likeness in Europe before 1800
Series: - Intersections, Volume: 61
The term ad vivum and its cognates al vivo, au vif, nach dem Leben and naer het leven have been applied since the thirteenth century to depictions designated as from, to or after (the) life. This book explores the issues raised by this vocabulary and related terminology with reference to visual materials produced and used in Europe before 1800, including portraiture, botanical, zoological, medical and topographical images, images of novel and newly discovered phenomena, and likenesses created through direct contact with the object being depicted. The designation ad vivum was not restricted to depictions made directly after the living model, and was often used to advertise the claim of an image to be a faithful likeness or a bearer of reliable information. Viewed as an assertion of accuracy or truth, ad vivum raises a number of fundamental questions in the area of early modern epistemology â questions about the value and prestige of visual and/or physical contiguity between image and original, about the kinds of information which were thought important and dependably transmissible in material form, and about the roles of the artist in that transmission. The recent interest of historians of early modern art in how value and meaning are produced and reproduced by visual materials which do not conform to the definition of art as unique invention, and of historians of science and of art in the visualisation of knowledge, has placed the questions surrounding ad vivum at the centre of their common concerns.
Contributors: Thomas Balfe, José Beltrán, Carla Benzan, Eleanor Chan, Robert Felfe, Mechthild Fend, Sachiko Kusukawa, Pieter Martens, Richard Mulholland, Noa Turel, Joanna Woodall, and Daan Van Heesch.
Contributors: Thomas Balfe, José Beltrán, Carla Benzan, Eleanor Chan, Robert Felfe, Mechthild Fend, Sachiko Kusukawa, Pieter Martens, Richard Mulholland, Noa Turel, Joanna Woodall, and Daan Van Heesch.
Thomas Balfe, Ph.D. (2014), is Teaching Fellow at the University of Edinburgh. His research focuses on animal, hunting, fable, food, and human-animal inversion imagery. His most recent publication is âHunting, Inversion and Anthropomorphism in Two Scenes from the Upside-Down Worldâ, in Saà M. (ed.), Hunting Without Weapons: On the Pursuit of Images (2017).
Joanna Woodall is a Professor at The Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, where she teaches a research-led MA entitled âBodies of Knowledge in the Early Modern Netherlands, ca. 1550â1670â. Her most recent publication is âFor Love and Money. The Circulation of Value and Desire in Abraham Orteliusâs Album amicorumâ, in Melion W. â Zell M. â Woodall J. (eds.), Ut Pictura Amor: The Reflexive Imagery of Love in Artistic Theory and Practice, 1500â1700 , (2017).
Claus Zittel teaches German literature and philosophy at the Universities of Stuttgart (Germany) and Olsztyn (Poland), and is since 2014 Deputy Director of the Stuttgart Research Centre for Text Studies. He is the author of Theatrum philosophicum: Descartes und die Rolle ästhetischer Formen in der Wissenschaft (2009), editor of Nietzsche-Studien, and has co-edited some thirty-four volumes, including (with C. Lüthy, C. Swan, P. Bakker) Image, Imagination and Cognition: Medieval and Early Modern Theory and Practice (2018).
Joanna Woodall is a Professor at The Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, where she teaches a research-led MA entitled âBodies of Knowledge in the Early Modern Netherlands, ca. 1550â1670â. Her most recent publication is âFor Love and Money. The Circulation of Value and Desire in Abraham Orteliusâs Album amicorumâ, in Melion W. â Zell M. â Woodall J. (eds.), Ut Pictura Amor: The Reflexive Imagery of Love in Artistic Theory and Practice, 1500â1700 , (2017).
Claus Zittel teaches German literature and philosophy at the Universities of Stuttgart (Germany) and Olsztyn (Poland), and is since 2014 Deputy Director of the Stuttgart Research Centre for Text Studies. He is the author of Theatrum philosophicum: Descartes und die Rolle ästhetischer Formen in der Wissenschaft (2009), editor of Nietzsche-Studien, and has co-edited some thirty-four volumes, including (with C. Lüthy, C. Swan, P. Bakker) Image, Imagination and Cognition: Medieval and Early Modern Theory and Practice (2018).
âThe editors and contributors must be commended for this provocative collection of focused scholarship that refreshes our understanding of a pivotal term for early modern art theory.â
Tianna Helena Uchacz, Texas A&M University. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 74, No. 3 (Fall 2021), pp. 933â934.
Tianna Helena Uchacz, Texas A&M University. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 74, No. 3 (Fall 2021), pp. 933â934.
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
Notes on the Editors
Notes on the Contributors
1 Introduction: From Living Presence to Lively Likeness â the Lives of ad vivum
âThomas Balfe and Joanna Woodall
2 Naer het leven: between Image-Generating Techniques and Aesthetic Mediation
âRobert Felfe
3 Ad vivum Images and Knowledge of Nature in Early Modern Europe
âSachiko Kusukawa
4 Paintworks au vif to Paintings from Life: Early Netherlandish Paintings in the Round and the Invention of Indexicality
âNoa Turel
5 Cities under Siege Portrayed ad vivum in Early Netherlandish Prints (1520â1565)
âPieter Martens
6 âJerusalem naert Levenâ? Envisioning the Holy City in the Low Countries (1525â1575)
âDaan van Heesch
7 Coming to Life at the Sacro Monte of Varallo: the Sacred Image al vivo in Post-Tridentine Italy
âCarla Benzan
8 The Vital Breath: Mathematical Visualizations in England and the Netherlands around 1600
âEleanor Chan
9 Nature au naturel in Late-Seventeenth-Century France
âJosé Beltrán
10 Drawing the Cadaver ad vivum: Gérard de Lairesseâs Illustrations for Govard Bidlooâs Anatomia Humani Corporis
âMechthild Fend
11 The Mechanism and Materials of Painting Colour ad vivum in the Eighteenth Century
âRichard Mulholland
Index Nominum
List of Illustrations
Notes on the Editors
Notes on the Contributors
1 Introduction: From Living Presence to Lively Likeness â the Lives of ad vivum
âThomas Balfe and Joanna Woodall
2 Naer het leven: between Image-Generating Techniques and Aesthetic Mediation
âRobert Felfe
3 Ad vivum Images and Knowledge of Nature in Early Modern Europe
âSachiko Kusukawa
4 Paintworks au vif to Paintings from Life: Early Netherlandish Paintings in the Round and the Invention of Indexicality
âNoa Turel
5 Cities under Siege Portrayed ad vivum in Early Netherlandish Prints (1520â1565)
âPieter Martens
6 âJerusalem naert Levenâ? Envisioning the Holy City in the Low Countries (1525â1575)
âDaan van Heesch
7 Coming to Life at the Sacro Monte of Varallo: the Sacred Image al vivo in Post-Tridentine Italy
âCarla Benzan
8 The Vital Breath: Mathematical Visualizations in England and the Netherlands around 1600
âEleanor Chan
9 Nature au naturel in Late-Seventeenth-Century France
âJosé Beltrán
10 Drawing the Cadaver ad vivum: Gérard de Lairesseâs Illustrations for Govard Bidlooâs Anatomia Humani Corporis
âMechthild Fend
11 The Mechanism and Materials of Painting Colour ad vivum in the Eighteenth Century
âRichard Mulholland
Index Nominum
Historians of art, science, culture and literature working within the period 1500â1800. The book provides useful texts for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. Keywords: al vivo, au vif, nach dem Leben, naer het leven, naer 't leven, realism, naturalism, portrayal, counterfeit, epistemological image, living presence, reproduction, cast, imitation, botanical illustration, anatomy, polychrome sculpture, early modern, nature, knowledge.