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West African Ê¿ulamÄʾ and Salafism in Mecca and Medina
JawÄb al-Ifrá¿qá¿ - The Response of the African
Series: - Islam in Africa, Volume: 17
Author:
Chanfi Ahmed shows how West African Ê¿ulamÄʾ, who fled the European colonization of their region to settle in Mecca and Medina, helped the regime of King Ibn Saâud at its beginnings in the field of teaching and spreading the Salafá¿-Wahhabá¿âs Islam both inside and outside Saudi Arabia. This is against the widespread idea of considering the spread of the Salafá¿-WahhÄbá¿ doctrine as being the work of Ê¿ulamÄʾ from Najd (Central Arabia) only. We learn here that the diffusion of this doctrine after 1926 was much more the work of Ê¿ulamÄʾ from other parts of the Muslim World who had already acquired this doctrine and spread it in their countries by teaching and publishing books related to it. In addition Chanfi Ahmed demonstrates that concerning Islamic reform and mission (daÊ¿wa), Africans are not just consumers, but also thinkers and designers.
Chanfi Ahmed has been trained in Islamic studies and received his PhD in Social History at the EHESS in Paris. Until 2013 he was a Research Fellow at the Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO) in Berlin. His books include Islam et politique aux Comores, Paris, 2000, Ngoma et mission islamique (DaÊ¿wa) aux Comores et en Afrique orientale. Une approche anthropologique, Paris, 2002; Les conversions à lâIslam fondamentaliste en Afrique au sud du Sahara. Le cas de la Tanzanie et du Kenya, Paris, 2008.
'Chanfi Ahmedâs West African Ulama and Salafism in Mecca and Medina. JawÄb al-Ifrá¿qá¿ - The Response of the African presents a critical approach into the study of what could be termed as the encroachment of Wahabbism in present West Africa in general and Nigeria, Mali, and Mauritania in particular. [...] Chanfi therefore, gives detailed information on the first set of migrants to Mecca and Medina, their interpretation of Hijra, and Jihad, and a description of the routes they followed in the cause of the migration and the factors that led to it.' - Yusuf Abdullahi Yusuf, University of Jos, in: African Studies Quarterly Volume 16, Issue 2 (March, 2016)
'It is more likely than not, that students of Islam in Africa, Arabists as well as Africanists will find Chanfi's work rich, engaging and, at the same time, stimulating. His scholarly horizons as well as his wit reading of Arabic texts bring excitement to observers of the African condition who are interested in finding today's questions in yesterday's answers. West African Ê¿ulamÄʾ and Salafism in Mecca and Medina evokes what is achievable in the task of retrieving Africa's reservoir of history when multidimensional linguistic skills are summoned to exhume the corpus of the African past.' - Mbaye Lo, Duke University, in: Research Africa Review Vol. 1 No. 1 pp.18-21, June 2017 [https://sites.duke.edu/researchafrica/ra-reviews/vol-1-no-1/]
'It is more likely than not, that students of Islam in Africa, Arabists as well as Africanists will find Chanfi's work rich, engaging and, at the same time, stimulating. His scholarly horizons as well as his wit reading of Arabic texts bring excitement to observers of the African condition who are interested in finding today's questions in yesterday's answers. West African Ê¿ulamÄʾ and Salafism in Mecca and Medina evokes what is achievable in the task of retrieving Africa's reservoir of history when multidimensional linguistic skills are summoned to exhume the corpus of the African past.' - Mbaye Lo, Duke University, in: Research Africa Review Vol. 1 No. 1 pp.18-21, June 2017 [https://sites.duke.edu/researchafrica/ra-reviews/vol-1-no-1/]
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Hijra on the Sudan Road (ṬarÄ«q al-SÅ«dÄn)
Hijra in Islam and West Africa: A Movement of People, Ideas, and Hope
Hijra, JihÄd, the MahdÄ«, and Ḥajj in Islam and in West African Islam
The Hijra Related to the Mahdī
The Reaction of the Colonizers to the MuhÄjirÄ«n
2 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ Forerunners of the Hijra and Teachers in the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina
Shaykh AlfÄ HÄshim al-FÅ«tÄ« (1866â1931): A Genius for Survival
Muḥammad Ê¿AbdallÄh b. MaḥmÅ«d al-MadanÄ« (Ag MaḥmÅ«d Abdullahi): The âIntransigentâ SalafÄ« Missionary
3 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ of the Second Generation, Heirs of the Hijra and Teachers in the First Islamic Institutes in Saudi Arabia
ḤammÄd al-Aná¹£ÄrÄ« (1344â1418/1925â97)
âRiḥlat min IfrÄ«qyÄ ilÄ bilÄd al-ḥaramaynâ [Traveling from Africa to the two holy cities]
The Aná¹£Är al-Sunna in Sudan
The Legacy of Shaykh ḤammÄd al-Aná¹£ÄrÄ« in West Africa
Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn YÅ«suf al-IfrÄ«qÄ«
JawÄb al-IfrÄ«qÄ« [Response of the African]
Tawá¸Ä«á¸¥ al-ḥajj wa-l-Ê¿umra kamÄ jÄʾa fÄ« l-kitÄb wa-l-sunna [Explanation of ḥajj and Ê¿umra according to the QurʾÄn and the Sunna]
4 The DÄr al-ḤadÄ«th in Medina and the Ahl al-ḤadÄ«th
The DÄr al-ḤadÄ«th in Mecca
The Establishment and Expansion of the Ahl al-Ḥadīth Movement in the Eighteenth Century
Muḥammad ḤayÄt al-SindÄ« (d. 1163/1750)
WalÄ« AllÄh DihlawÄ« (1703â63)
á¹¢Äliḥ al-FullÄnÄ« (1752â3/1803)
Muḥammad b. Ê¿AlÄ« l-ShawkÄnÄ« (1173â1250/1760â1832)
NadhÄ«r Ḥusayn DihlawÄ« (1805â1902)
á¹¢Ädiq Ḥasan KhÄn (1834â90)
á¹¢anÄÊ¿ullÄh Amristari (1868â1948)
The Doctrine of Ahl al-ḤadÄ«th as Reflected by these Ê¿UlamÄʾ
A Brief Political History of the Hijaz in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Educational Institutions Founded in the Hijaz by the Ottomans and the AshrÄf
Nation-State or Umma-State: Ê¿UlamÄʾ Support of the Saudi State
MaÊ¿had al-RiyÄḠal-Ê¿Ilmi (Riyadh Institute of Islamic Religious Sciences)
5 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ of the Third Generation: Teachers and Administrators in the First Islamic Universities of Saudi Arabia
Shaykh Ê¿Umar b. Muḥammad FallÄta (1345â1419/1926â98)
Writings, Lectures, and Teaching of Ê¿Umar FallÄta
Muḥammad al-AmÄ«n al-JakanÄ« l-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä« (Äb Wuld UkhtÅ«r) (1325â93/1907â73)
The Writings of Shaykh ShinqÄ«á¹Ä«
6 Africa in the Islamic University of Medina
History of the Foundation of the University
Africa in the Daʿwa Policy of the Islamic University of Medina and of the Saudi State as Reflected in the Statutes and Other Texts of the University
Daʿwa in Africa By and With the Africans
Shaykh TaqÄ« l-DÄ«n al-HilÄlÄ« (d. 1407/1987)
7 Biography (Tarjama) in the Islamic Tradition according to the Ê¿UlamÄʾ
The Concept and Tradition of Tarjama (Biography) according to Ê¿Umar FallÄta and Ê¿Aá¹iyya SÄlim
Ê¿Aá¹iyya Muḥammad SÄlim with al-IfrÄ«qÄ« and al-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä«
The Teaching Method of al-Ifrīqī (Manhaj al-Ifrīqī)
Ê¿Aá¹iyya Muḥammad SÄlim with Shaykh al-AmÄ«n al-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä« (Äb Wuld UkhtÅ«r)
The Tarjama according to Shaykh Ê¿Umar FallÄta in his Conference Paper on Shaykh Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn al-IfrÄ«qÄ«
An Interpretation
Conclusion
Bibliography
Works and Primary Sources in Arabic
Works in Other Languages
Index
Introduction
1 Hijra on the Sudan Road (ṬarÄ«q al-SÅ«dÄn)
Hijra in Islam and West Africa: A Movement of People, Ideas, and Hope
Hijra, JihÄd, the MahdÄ«, and Ḥajj in Islam and in West African Islam
The Hijra Related to the Mahdī
The Reaction of the Colonizers to the MuhÄjirÄ«n
2 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ Forerunners of the Hijra and Teachers in the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina
Shaykh AlfÄ HÄshim al-FÅ«tÄ« (1866â1931): A Genius for Survival
Muḥammad Ê¿AbdallÄh b. MaḥmÅ«d al-MadanÄ« (Ag MaḥmÅ«d Abdullahi): The âIntransigentâ SalafÄ« Missionary
3 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ of the Second Generation, Heirs of the Hijra and Teachers in the First Islamic Institutes in Saudi Arabia
ḤammÄd al-Aná¹£ÄrÄ« (1344â1418/1925â97)
âRiḥlat min IfrÄ«qyÄ ilÄ bilÄd al-ḥaramaynâ [Traveling from Africa to the two holy cities]
The Aná¹£Är al-Sunna in Sudan
The Legacy of Shaykh ḤammÄd al-Aná¹£ÄrÄ« in West Africa
Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn YÅ«suf al-IfrÄ«qÄ«
JawÄb al-IfrÄ«qÄ« [Response of the African]
Tawá¸Ä«á¸¥ al-ḥajj wa-l-Ê¿umra kamÄ jÄʾa fÄ« l-kitÄb wa-l-sunna [Explanation of ḥajj and Ê¿umra according to the QurʾÄn and the Sunna]
4 The DÄr al-ḤadÄ«th in Medina and the Ahl al-ḤadÄ«th
The DÄr al-ḤadÄ«th in Mecca
The Establishment and Expansion of the Ahl al-Ḥadīth Movement in the Eighteenth Century
Muḥammad ḤayÄt al-SindÄ« (d. 1163/1750)
WalÄ« AllÄh DihlawÄ« (1703â63)
á¹¢Äliḥ al-FullÄnÄ« (1752â3/1803)
Muḥammad b. Ê¿AlÄ« l-ShawkÄnÄ« (1173â1250/1760â1832)
NadhÄ«r Ḥusayn DihlawÄ« (1805â1902)
á¹¢Ädiq Ḥasan KhÄn (1834â90)
á¹¢anÄÊ¿ullÄh Amristari (1868â1948)
The Doctrine of Ahl al-ḤadÄ«th as Reflected by these Ê¿UlamÄʾ
A Brief Political History of the Hijaz in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Educational Institutions Founded in the Hijaz by the Ottomans and the AshrÄf
Nation-State or Umma-State: Ê¿UlamÄʾ Support of the Saudi State
MaÊ¿had al-RiyÄḠal-Ê¿Ilmi (Riyadh Institute of Islamic Religious Sciences)
5 The Ê¿UlamÄʾ of the Third Generation: Teachers and Administrators in the First Islamic Universities of Saudi Arabia
Shaykh Ê¿Umar b. Muḥammad FallÄta (1345â1419/1926â98)
Writings, Lectures, and Teaching of Ê¿Umar FallÄta
Muḥammad al-AmÄ«n al-JakanÄ« l-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä« (Äb Wuld UkhtÅ«r) (1325â93/1907â73)
The Writings of Shaykh ShinqÄ«á¹Ä«
6 Africa in the Islamic University of Medina
History of the Foundation of the University
Africa in the Daʿwa Policy of the Islamic University of Medina and of the Saudi State as Reflected in the Statutes and Other Texts of the University
Daʿwa in Africa By and With the Africans
Shaykh TaqÄ« l-DÄ«n al-HilÄlÄ« (d. 1407/1987)
7 Biography (Tarjama) in the Islamic Tradition according to the Ê¿UlamÄʾ
The Concept and Tradition of Tarjama (Biography) according to Ê¿Umar FallÄta and Ê¿Aá¹iyya SÄlim
Ê¿Aá¹iyya Muḥammad SÄlim with al-IfrÄ«qÄ« and al-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä«
The Teaching Method of al-Ifrīqī (Manhaj al-Ifrīqī)
Ê¿Aá¹iyya Muḥammad SÄlim with Shaykh al-AmÄ«n al-ShinqÄ«á¹Ä« (Äb Wuld UkhtÅ«r)
The Tarjama according to Shaykh Ê¿Umar FallÄta in his Conference Paper on Shaykh Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn al-IfrÄ«qÄ«
An Interpretation
Conclusion
Bibliography
Works and Primary Sources in Arabic
Works in Other Languages
Index
Scholars and students of Islam in West Africa and Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia.