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Islamic Sufi Networks in the Western Indian Ocean (c.1880-1940)
Ripples of Reform
Series: - Islam in Africa, Volume: 16
Author:
In the period c. 1880-1940, organized Sufism spread rapidly in the western Indian Ocean. New communities turned to Islam, and Muslim communities turned to new texts, practices and religious leaders. On the East African coast, the orders were both a vehicle for conversion to Islam and for reform of Islamic practice. The impact of Sufism on local communities is here traced geographically as a ripple reaching beyond the Swahili cultural zone southwards to Mozambique, Madagascar and Cape Town. Through an investigation of the texts, ritual practices and scholarly networks that went alongside Sufi expansion, this book places religious change in the western Indian Ocean within the wider framework of Islamic reform.
Anne K. Bang, Ph.D. (2000) is a Senior Researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway. She has published widely on the Islamic history of East Africa, including the monograph Sufis and Scholars of the Sea (Routledge, 2003).
'In fact, the volume is impressive. It impresses through its sheer quantity of facts, be that information concerning persons, or the detailed description of the written and oral sources (interviews) in the appendix. [...] ....a very well-investigated presentation loaded with an abundance of details, which by means of the index can serve as a kind of reference work for experts, but also as informative reading for anyone interested in the history of Islam in Africa.' - Angelika Brodersen, in: Entangled Religions, 2 (2015)
Foreword and Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
List of Figures
Note on Transliteration, Quotes and Dates
1 Introduction
The Ripple and the Reef: Perspectives and Objectives
2 The Luminescent Sun and Brilliant Rays of Light: Towards a Geography of Reform
Towards a Geography of Reform: A Web of Centres
The Ḥaramayn: The Blessed and the Radiant
The Ḥaá¸ramawt: Home of the Luminescent, Encompassing Mid-Day Sun
Zanzibar: The Brilliant Star of East Africa
Lamu and the Riyadha Mosque
The Comoro Islands: Moon Islands in a Sea of Sun
Rays of Light and Hierarchies
3 The Branches of the QÄdiriyya and the ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Mozambique: Silsilas to the South
The ṬarÄ«qa QÄdiriyya in Zanzibar
The QÄdiriyya in Mozambique: Multiple Routes South
Muḥammad Al-MaÊ¿rÅ«f and the Spread of the ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Mozambique
The Emergence of Sufi Orders in Norhern Mozambique
4 The ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Madagascar c. 1890â1940: The Planting of a Garden and the Growing of Malagasy Roots
Islam in Northern Madagascar
Family, Religion and Trade on Madagascar: East African-Comorian Networks and the ShÄdhiliyya
Aḥmad al-KabÄ«r: The Great Shaykh of the ṬarÄ«qa ShÄdhiliyya of Northern Madagascar
Reform and the Emergence of a Malagasy Sufi Order
5 The Cape Town Muslim Community and East African Sufi Networks: Beyond the Monsoon
Islam in South Africa and Cape Town
Muhammad Salih Hendricks: From Periphery to Centre to the Network
Other Travellers â More DaÊ¿wa
6 Travelling Texts: Arabic Literate Learning in Coastal East Africa, c. 1860â1930
Textual Transmission and Religious Authority
Book Knowledge in the Age of Manuscripts: 1860s into the Twentieth Century
From Manuscript to Print: Parallel or Converging Authorities?
Manuscripts, Printed Books and Religious Authority
7 Ritual of Reform â Reform of a Ritual: RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, c. 1880â1940
RÄtib Al-ḤaddÄd as Sufi Reform
RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd in East and South Africa
The RÄtib in Writing: Textualization of Charisma
The RÄtib Performed: Reform of a Ritual?
The RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd: New Reform of a Reformist Ritual?
8 Consolidating the Network: Waqf Distribution and New Organizations in Zanzibar, c. 1900â1930
Scholarly Networks and the Zanzibari âMeccan Waqfsâ, c. 1880â1940
Waqf Distribution within Intellectual Networks: Consolidating Reform through Waqf Funds
From Networks to Organizations: The Rise of the JamÊ¿iyya, c. 1900â1930
9 Conclusions
On Ripples and Reefs: Agency in a Translocal World
Sufi Reform on the Move
The Ecumene that wasnât â yet?
Appendix 1
The Zanzibari âMeccan Waqfsâ Contained in ZA-HD10
Sources and Bibliography
Arabic Textual Material
Arabic Manuscript Sources (Listed)
Archival Sources
Oral Sources/Interviews
Bibliography
Index
List of Illustrations
List of Figures
Note on Transliteration, Quotes and Dates
1 Introduction
The Ripple and the Reef: Perspectives and Objectives
2 The Luminescent Sun and Brilliant Rays of Light: Towards a Geography of Reform
Towards a Geography of Reform: A Web of Centres
The Ḥaramayn: The Blessed and the Radiant
The Ḥaá¸ramawt: Home of the Luminescent, Encompassing Mid-Day Sun
Zanzibar: The Brilliant Star of East Africa
Lamu and the Riyadha Mosque
The Comoro Islands: Moon Islands in a Sea of Sun
Rays of Light and Hierarchies
3 The Branches of the QÄdiriyya and the ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Mozambique: Silsilas to the South
The ṬarÄ«qa QÄdiriyya in Zanzibar
The QÄdiriyya in Mozambique: Multiple Routes South
Muḥammad Al-MaÊ¿rÅ«f and the Spread of the ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Mozambique
The Emergence of Sufi Orders in Norhern Mozambique
4 The ShÄdhiliyya in Northern Madagascar c. 1890â1940: The Planting of a Garden and the Growing of Malagasy Roots
Islam in Northern Madagascar
Family, Religion and Trade on Madagascar: East African-Comorian Networks and the ShÄdhiliyya
Aḥmad al-KabÄ«r: The Great Shaykh of the ṬarÄ«qa ShÄdhiliyya of Northern Madagascar
Reform and the Emergence of a Malagasy Sufi Order
5 The Cape Town Muslim Community and East African Sufi Networks: Beyond the Monsoon
Islam in South Africa and Cape Town
Muhammad Salih Hendricks: From Periphery to Centre to the Network
Other Travellers â More DaÊ¿wa
6 Travelling Texts: Arabic Literate Learning in Coastal East Africa, c. 1860â1930
Textual Transmission and Religious Authority
Book Knowledge in the Age of Manuscripts: 1860s into the Twentieth Century
From Manuscript to Print: Parallel or Converging Authorities?
Manuscripts, Printed Books and Religious Authority
7 Ritual of Reform â Reform of a Ritual: RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, c. 1880â1940
RÄtib Al-ḤaddÄd as Sufi Reform
RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd in East and South Africa
The RÄtib in Writing: Textualization of Charisma
The RÄtib Performed: Reform of a Ritual?
The RÄtib al-ḤaddÄd: New Reform of a Reformist Ritual?
8 Consolidating the Network: Waqf Distribution and New Organizations in Zanzibar, c. 1900â1930
Scholarly Networks and the Zanzibari âMeccan Waqfsâ, c. 1880â1940
Waqf Distribution within Intellectual Networks: Consolidating Reform through Waqf Funds
From Networks to Organizations: The Rise of the JamÊ¿iyya, c. 1900â1930
9 Conclusions
On Ripples and Reefs: Agency in a Translocal World
Sufi Reform on the Move
The Ecumene that wasnât â yet?
Appendix 1
The Zanzibari âMeccan Waqfsâ Contained in ZA-HD10
Sources and Bibliography
Arabic Textual Material
Arabic Manuscript Sources (Listed)
Archival Sources
Oral Sources/Interviews
Bibliography
Index
Students and researchers interested in the Islamic history in the Western Indian Ocean, as well as Sufi and Muslim movements in general.