Index
Abu Mena
21, 150, 210–11, 257, 259–60, 264–5, 270, 272, 274
Abydos
311
Acre
263
accommodation, see lodging
administration
imperial
65
provincial
69
sanctuary
127
adoration of the magi
267
Aeschylus
172
Aesop
197
agon
94, 112, 117, 129, 312
agoranomoi
95, 131–2, 213, 313, 316–7
agriculture
19, 34, 48–50, 54, 72–3, 83, 210, 219–20, 239, 333
Aila
68, 77
Aktion
289, 313n89, 319
Al Mina
43
Alexander the Great
77, 311
Alexandria
77, 127n52, 128, 150, 167, 210, 230, 265, 271, 300
Kom el-Dikka
264
altar(s)
19, 56, 99, 101, 110, 112, 116, 128–9, 167–8, 171–2, 179, 191, 193, 197
ash
45
Amandry, Pierre
172
Ammaedara (Haidra)
153
Ammon (monk)
230
Ammon, oracle of
127
Amorgos
123–6, 128n57, 167n16
Amphictiony
96–7, 101–3, 116n1, 117, 317
amphitheatre
152
amphorae
83, 220, 310n75
ampullae
76, 254–74
Anatolia
11, 62, 71–3, 109, 126, 132n78, 206, 260, 272–3, 294, 306, 310, 322, 331
Andania
126, 129–33, 213–4, 217, 220, 289, 316
Andes Mountains
7, 210
Andreau, Jean
9, 290
Andros
102, 172
animal
172, 181
bones
15
hide
177–8
pen
46
sacred
50
sacrificial
44, 312
Annona
73, 157
Antigonos I
310
Antinoopolis
236
Antioch
45–6, 77, 143, 265, 268, 293
Antiochus
220
Antoninus Pius
45
Apamea
293
aparche, see fruit, first
Aphrodite
168n16, 179n46, 296, 306n63
Pontia
170
Aphrodito
236–7
Apollo
22, 40, 94–5, 99–101, 103, 110–11, 117, 125, 128–9, 197–8, 206, 209, 306, 317, 319, 329–31, 336, 341, 343
Karneios
126, 129
Pythios
94
Apostolic Canons
144
apotropaic
21, 255, 257
Aqaba, see Aila
Arabs
84, 262, 268, 294, 334
Arados
218, 220, 222
Arcadia
127, 191
archon
100
Argos
50n95, 96, 117, 122n32, 195
aristocrats
110, 155, 296, 310
Aristophanes
15
Arkesine
125
Armenia
74
Arrian
176–7
Arsinoe
128
Artaxata
74
Artemis
40, 120, 124n41, 125–6, 134n86, 164, 176, 179, 181, 206, 209, 317n102, 330
Amarysia
316–7
Ephesian
165
Katagoris
125
Leukophryene
120, 318
artisans
73, 123n33, 320n114
artists
94–5, 112, 121–2
asceticism
38, 67, 74n48
Asia Minor, see Anatolia
Asklepios
38, 187, 194, 199
associations
118n11, 332, 335n19, 335n21, 348, 350
religious
22, 336–341
Asterios
300–1, 302n47, 315n97
asylia
38–9, 119–20, 122
ateleia
132, 174, 314, 334
Athena
103, 109, 110, 125, 165, 197n48, 306n63
Alea
125, 127, 213
Ilias
309–13, 316, 322
Polias
294
Pronaia
102
Athenian imperialism
307
Athens
15, 39–40, 96, 97n16, 127n51, 167, 174–8, 193, 307–8, 334, 337
acropolis
105, 165
Areopagos
308
Eleusinion
15
athletes
94–5, 117, 121–23, 131
Athmon (Attic deme)
165
Attalos I of Pergamon
120–1
Attalos II of Pergamon
99, 120n22, 312n86
Augustine
140–2, 144–5, 152, 157, 262
Ba’al
43
bacchants
40
Baitokaike
8, 217–23, 313n89, 319n110
baityloi
219
bankers
96
banquet, see feast
Bardawil, Lake
77
Bargylia
123n35, 126
Barlaam, St.
44–5, 49, 53
Basil of Caesarea
75, 156
baths
140, 145, 148, 150
Bawit
239–40
Bayes’ Theorem
346n51, 347
Bayesian model
346–7
Beard, Mary
6
bedbugs
144
Bedouin
76
Belasarius
156
belief
3, 5, 17, 20, 35–6, 118n12, 199, 257, 290n8, 321, 343, 346
Bethlehem
147
Bexa
48–50
Bible
67, 144
Bir Ftouha
154–55
Bir Messaouda
155
Birch, Debra
156
bishops
67n13, 68, 140, 143–47, 260
Blakely, Sandra
24
Bobbio
262–3, 272
Boeotia
95n13, 130, 178
Boeotian league
116n1
boots
36
Bordeaux Itinerary
70–1, 147
Bosra
68, 81n78
Bourdieu, Pierre
273
Bremmer, Jan
37
bronze
bowl
109
bulls
166
casting
10
coins
308, 317n103
cross-pendants
267
statues
343–4
trade
105
votives
96, 104–10, 195
weights
317n102
Bronze Age
15, 42–3, 48, 219, 311
brothel
144
Buddhism
13, 38
Bulbulia, Joseph
342
burials ad sanctos
142n7, 153
Burkert, Walter
19n64, 163, 168, 171, 178, 182
Burning Bush
82, 84
butcher
128, 164, 167
Callimachus
197
Callinicum
74
camels
81, 84, 210, 270
camping
47n86, 50, 101
Cancik, Hubert
192
Caner, Daniel
269
Canterbury
38
capitalism
4, 10
caravanserai
73n42, 79
Carthage
143, 151, 154–5
Cassiodorus
294–6
Çatalhöyük
11
catchment area
83n90, 124, 207–8, 212, 273–4, 292, 319, 322
cattle
50n95, 95, 127n53, 176n37, 179, 209, 217, 221–2, 310–12, 319
-buyers
164
Celts
176–7, 294
Ceres
293
Champagne
290
charis
187–8, 191, 198–9
charity
boxes
183
Christian
75, 147
civic
156
house
301
Cherson/Chersonesos
256, 301
China
294, 333
Chonai
260, 290n7, 294, 303, 304n54, 306, 320n114
chora
95, 220
Christ
183, 210, 266n81
Passion of
38
Christern, Jürgen
153–4
Christianity
5, 8, 14, 18, 21, 79, 183, 209, 229, 249, 257, 302n50, 335
church
2, 68, 140–1, 144–7, 149–50, 151, 156, 213, 219, 230, 232, 234, 237, 241–2, 244–5, 258n24, 258n30, 260, 262, 271, 299–301, 304, 305n57, 306n60, 315
church council
of Antioch
143, 144n19
of Carthage
143
of Nicaea
254
church fathers
38, 75, 293, 295, 315
Cialdini, Robert
342
Clarke, George Somers
234
clothing
116, 121
Clysma
77–8, 81–4
Codex Theodosianus
68
Coleman, Simon
7
collection box
168,
thesauros
colonisation
95, 107
commodity
19, 95, 100, 163, 168–9, 176, 249
communication
77, 81, 119, 191–2
communitas
7, 14, 17, 22, 33
community
8, 12, 14–8, 21–22, 105, 110, 116–8, 122, 126, 140–3, 148, 171, 174, 192, 206, 229, 234, 236–7, 239–42, 245, 258, 289, 291, 299, 302–5, 314, 316, 318–22, 335,
act of
59
inter-regional
17
making of
319–20
of giving and receiving
22, 198, 291, 298, 304, 306
competition
10, 16–7, 104, 106–7, 109–10, 122, 157, 190
connectivity
3, 72, 208, 290, 304, 306–7, 314
consecration
104–6
consumption
10, 15–6, 19, 101, 133n85, 208–10, 215, 226, 247, 322, 332
Constable, Olivia Remie
70, 144, 150
Constantina
150
Constantinople
70n29, 72, 74n49, 77, 259n37, 301–2, 305
Kosmidion
259, 271
contestation
7, 24
cooperative ecology
342–5
Corinth
96, 104, 117, 167, 179–80, 268, 294n21
sanctuary of Demeter and Kore
215–7, 222
Cosmas and Damian, Sts.
271
craftsmen
122, 123n33, 208, 294, 320n114
Crete
41, 129n61, 178
crime
66
Crispina, St.
17, 140, 151–4
crowd
2, 76, 94, 97, 146, 215–6, 258, 291–8, 321
cult
9, 15, 23, 35, 41–3, 48, 56, 94, 104, 116, 118, 121n24, 128, 171, 175, 179, 184, 192, 219, 238, 292, 295, 303, 309–11, 331, 335–6, 340, 342, 344, 350
calendar
164
community
8
groups
336
image
119, 193, 344
imperial
219
maritime
300–1
mountain as object of
42
mystery
213
of saints
238
organisation
118n11
paraphernalia
193n25
cursus clavularis/vehicularis
68, 72
cursus publicus
66, 69–72, 81
customs duty
73, 80
Cyprus
42, 73, 83, 109, 302, 305n58
Damous el Karita
154
dance
15, 17, 116–7
Davies, John
9–10, 174
Deir al-Bala‛izah
230, 232, 239, 243
Deir Anba Hadra
230, 234–5, 243, 245–7
Deir Anba Samuil
242
Deir Apa Apollos
242
Deir Apa Dios
242
Deir Sem’an
149–50, 153
deity
14, 18–20, 23, 34–5, 43–44, 46, 59, 79, 112, 116, 118, 127, 129, 193
mountain
40
non-polis
40
relationship between human and
18
throne of
42
delegation
103, 118, 120n20, 121–2, 124n38, 124n41, 127, 130, 133, 208, 307, 310, 314,
theoria and theoroi
Delos
22–3, 39, 93, 117, 123n35, 125–6, 169n18, 178–9, 206, 209, 295, 306, 309, 329–50
Kynthos
41
Serapeion
179–80
Delphi
8, 16–8, 23, 34, 50n95, 93–112, 116n1, 117, 120, 122, 125, 127–8, 129n61, 133, 172–5, 178, 191, 193–4, 196–8, 217, 295, 306
agora
93
aire (halos)
97
Apollonion
100
chariot of the Rhodians
100
houses
100, 102
Lesche of the Cnidians
100
Marmaria
100
oracle
307, 309
peribolos
100
sacred way
112
settlement
104
skenai
100
stadion
103
stoa of Attalos I
101
treasury of the Athenians
97
treasury of the Corinthians
110n68
Demeter and Kore
307,
Corinth and Eleusis
Demeter Chloé
128
Demetrius, St.
293, 305, 307
Demosthenes
292
dermatikon
163, 172, 177–83
Detienne, Marcel
163, 168, 182
Dey, Hendrik
156
Dibsi Faraj
73
Didache
143
Didyma
39, 121n22, 128–9
Dietler, Michael
15
Dignas, Beate
8, 191, 220
Dillon, Matthew
39, 133
Dio Chrysostom
293–4, 298, 316
Diocletian
68n16, 80, 151
Dionysios of Halikarnassos
295
Dionysos
40
diplomacy
17, 118–9, 134
divine
justice
289
power
187, 200
wisdom
38
donation
1, 21, 76, 183, 237, 248,
euergetism
Donatist
142, 157
donkey
66, 140, 143
dormitory
154
Dülük Baba Tepesi
41
Dutch Republic
333
Eade, John
7
ecological signalling
332, 342–3
economic behaviour
4, 10, 22, 291
economy
and cult practices
9
embedded
3, 8
experience
58, 134, 311
monastic
229, 236
moral
304
pilgrimage
22
Roman
9n36
sacred
10, 93
sacralised
8
Edessa
143
Egeria
66–7, 71, 75, 81–3, 143, 148, 261
Egypt
2, 21, 75–7, 81–4, 127–8, 154, 195, 228–49, 260, 264, 305
Islamic conquest of
238
Egyptian gods
179, 181
Eleusinian Mysteries
15
Eleusis
15, 39, 132–3, 174–5, 177–8, 214, 306–10, 317
sanctuary of Demeter and Kore
307
telesterion
16
Elis
117, 130
elite
17, 96, 104, 107, 196n41
Elsner, Jas
8
Elusa
77, 82
embeddedness
4, 5n16, 8, 9n36, 10, 62, 85, 190, 269, 330
emotions
20, 22, 34–6, 58, 134, 296–8, 304, 306, 308–9, 311–2, 321–2, 343
emotional preparation for pilgrimage
13
emporia
206, 340
entrepot
79
epangelia
314
Epeiros
288, 315
Ephesos
134n86, 212, 258n28, 260, 268, 290n7
ephoriai agorai
320
Epidauros
8, 94, 117n10, 187, 191, 200
Eretria
289, 316
espionage
74
Etruria
106
Euboea
44, 50
Euchaita
260, 290n7, 293, 295, 297, 303–4
Eucharist
83, 142
euergetism
19, 184
Eugenios of Trebizond, St.
256, 270–1, 309
eulogia
21, 83, 254–74, 301n43
Euphrates
73, 294
Euripides
194
eusebeia
105,
piety
Euthycius
84
Euthyphro
187
ex votos
18, 188
exotica
207
fairs
8–9, 14, 16–8, 20, 22, 76, 93–7, 107, 124, 132–3, 205, 210, 217, 287–322
typology of
207–9
farmers
50n95, 72, 165, 303
feast
15, 21, 76, 100, 102, 117, 130, 142, 294, 297, 312
of Epiphany
140
of the Septerion
98
Felix, St.
140, 145–6
Feronia
205, 295
festival
agricultural
46, 308n68
Apollonia
129
Itonia
125
league
116n1, 123, 319
Nikephoria
124n41
Panathenaia
131, 311, 313
Panagorsis
133
Poseidonia
125
Posideia
130
Proerosia
174, 307
Pythia
120
Tonaia
194
Tripanagorsis
127
fine
131, 166, 169
fish
95–6, 208, 210, 308
fisherman
165–6, 170, 320n114
fishing equipment
208
Flower, Harriet
193
foederati
67
food
15, 68, 71–2, 95, 128, 130–1, 133, 147n32, 149, 157, 172, 183, 208, 210, 234, 301–2, 305
Forbes, Hamish
210
Foskolou, Vicky
268–9
Frankfurter, David
21n68, 38
Frean, Marcus
342
Freyberger, Klaus
218, 221
friendship
63
fruit
48, 83, 300
first
19, 120, 127, 163–7, 168n16, 172, 174–8, 303, 306–7, 309–10
Furley, William
187
Gabrielsen, Vincent
23, 339–40
Galilee
264
gambling
66, 74
garlands
121
gathering
15, 22, 93–112, 123, 210, 221, 293, 297
Gaza
315
George, St.
82, 290n7, 303, 304n54
Germia
260
gift
18–9, 21, 34, 59, 110, 127, 188, 199–200, 261n48, 263, 309, 312n86
counter-
269–70
exchange
18–9, 187, 189, 198
-giving
19–20, 189, 254, 270–1, 303
Gilli, Monica
264
goat
127, 318
Goehring, James
229
Good Samaritan
144
Google Earth
47
Gospel of Luke
144
grain
83, 120, 131, 151, 175–6, 290, 300–3, 305–9, 313–4
dealers
306n63
Great Gods
24, 126, 129
Greenland ice-core
333
Gregory of Nazianzus
70, 295
Gregory of Nyssa
70, 75, 145
Gregory of Tours
273
gross-domestic product (GDP)
333
Grossmann, Peter
151, 232
Gyaros
331
Hadrian
44, 151, 294, 308
hagiasmata
259
Hajj, see pilgrimage, Islamic
Harland, Philip
38
Hathor
79
Hattuša
56
Hatzfeld, Jean
331
Hazael of Basan
195
Head, Barclay
177
healing
8, 17–8, 74, 76, 134, 142, 148, 151, 156, 189, 196, 200, 219, 244–8, 255–6, 259, 271
hecatombs
99, 306n61
Hemingway, Ernest
184
Heraclius (deacon)
140
Herakles/Hercules
117, 173, 205, 300, 320, 336
Hermes
126, 164, 296, 317n103, 336
Hermopolis Magna
236
Herodotus
193–5, 198, 320
Herondas
194
hestiatorion
100–1, 103, 130
hikesia
119
hieroi
213
hieromnemon
102–3
hieropoioi
125, 130, 175–6
Hippo Regius
140–1, 155
Hisham
241
Historia Lausiaca
67n13, 75
Historia Monachorum
230
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
238–9, 241–2
Hodder, Ian
10
Holy Land
62–86, 142
Holy Week
149
Homer
168, 195
Homeric Hymn to Apollo
295–6, 306
Homeric Hymn to Hermes
198
Horden, Peregrine
3
horos stone
215–6
horses
68, 140, 143, 150, 154, 296, 318
hospital
18, 147, 156
hospitality
65, 75, 140, 143–9, 300
Hunt, E.D.
65
iamata
134, 187, 199
Ilion
123n35, 131, 133, 289, 309–14
Immae
293
imperial
cult
219
officers
68
import
83, 123, 204
India
81, 294
infirmary
156
infrastructure
1, 4, 13–4, 20, 23, 338n28
relationship between sacred and secular
13, 62–86
Ingold, Tim
36–7
initiation
15, 39, 121, 129–30, 167, 168n16, 308
inn, see lodging
Isidore of Chios, St.
264
Isis
196, 209
Isthmia
15, 117, 293–4, 321
Ithaca
165
ivory
195, 207
Jacquemin, Anne
112
Jebel Aqraa, see Mount Kasios
Jebel Moneijah
80
Jebel Musa, see Sinai
Jebel Serbal
80
Jerusalem
7, 21, 70n29, 71n35, 72, 75, 142–3, 145, 147–9, 157, 259–64, 268, 269n101, 272, 274
Anastasis rotunda
262
Golgatha
261
Mount of Olives
147
Jews
183, 206, 294
John Malalas
44
John Mauropous
297
Jones, Arnold H.M.
235
Jordan river
259
Julian (emperor)
44
Jupiter Dolichenus
41
Justin Martyr
143
Justinian
70, 72, 79, 83–4, 156
Kahle, Poul E.
232, 239
Kalaureia
208
Kamarina
171
Kaminski, Gabriele
179
katagogion
102
Kellia
229–30, 238, 242–4, 247, 249
Qusur Hegeila
244
kidnapping
84
kinship
63, 340
kitchens
150, 232, 244–5, 247
Kleonai
117
Kolossai
299
Kos
124n41, 169–71, 194
Kroisos
193, 196, 198
Kronos
44
Kurke, Leslie
196n42–3, 197–8
Kyzikos
289, 294, 320
Labarbe, Jacques
164
labour
14, 19, 33–4, 37, 40, 57–9, 75, 146, 154, 248, 294
lamb
126, 130
land
ownership
8
sacred
95, 103, 220
landscape(s)
political
218
sacred
192, 349
Lane Fox, Robin
43–4
Laodikeia
46
Larissa
102
late antique cities
215
Latins
205
Laum, Bernhard
163
Lawrence, St.
156
Lazarus, St.
302
least-cost path analysis
49, 64n4, 77
Lefebvre, Henri
35
Leo (emperor)
72
Lejjun
73
Leporius
140–1, 144, 148, 151
Leuke Kome
73
Libanius
44, 297–8, 304, 308–9
libation
15, 117n6, 125
Liber Diurnus
156
Liber Pontificalis
155–6
Life of Anba Hadra
245
Ligt, Luuk de
207–9, 290
Limberis, Vasiliki
145
liminality
33, 320–1
Linear B
15
liturgical
calendar
210, 226
year
76
liturgy
123, 129, 243, 260, 299
lodging
14, 16–8, 47, 62, 65–6, 71, 75, 97, 101–3, 125, 133, 140–1, 144–9, 151, 153–5, 242–5, 247
Lourdes
7, 38
Luce, Jean-Marc
100
Lucian
38, 293
Lucilius
343–5
Lucus Feroniae
205–6, 210
mageiros
128
Magnesia-on-the-Meander
120, 318
Mahdia
127
Makowiecka, Elzbieta
244
Mamluk
45
Mamre
206, 294
mansiones
66, 68–72, 81, 143
manumission
19
Mark (evangelist)
40
marketplace
20, 168, 179, 205, 213–4, 221–2, 298, 314
markets, see fairs
martyrs
76, 84, 145, 153, 157
Eight
140–2
Marxism
10
Mar’yut
150
Maspero, Gaston
234
material culture
2, 11, 80, 332, 349
materiality
33n4, 62, 290n8, 332
anti-
295
Mauss, Marcel
18, 170, 319
McCorriston, Joy
206, 223
measuring tables
214
meat
44, 99–102, 117, 128–30, 166, 167n13, 168, 178, 197n50, 320
consumption of
19n64, 101
Mecca
1
Megara
308
Melania
the Elder
67, 147–8
the Younger
67
Melqart
336
memory
48, 49n94, 192, 297, 309–11, 313–4, 322
collective
291
ritual
313
Menander
133, 164, 292, 315
Menas, St.
150, 210, 264–5, 270, 273n115
Menophanes
329
Menouthis
259, 271
Mentor of Naupaktos
102
merchandise
132–3, 209–10, 291–2, 306, 313, 317
merchant
16, 63, 95, 296, 300, 302–6, 311, 313–4, 320, 329–30, 334–41, 341, 346–8
grain
305
-ship owner
337
Mesopotamia
74
Messene
179, 181, 213
Methana
210
Michael, St.
290n7, 294, 299, 303–4, 306
Midgeotte, Leopold
123
Miletos
39, 128, 193n24
mining
80
Minoa
125
miracles
1, 36, 70n29, 142, 245, 256, 269–71, 293, 299, 302–3, 305, 308, 314
Mithridates VI
329–30
Mithridatic Wars
311, 313
Mnemosyne
167
mobility
3, 63n3, 192, 204, 207–8, 223, 290n8, 322, 335, 340n32
monastery
of Apollo
239
of Phoibammon
248
of St Catherine
84
of St Shenoute, see White Monastery
of Tbew
237
monetisation
163–84
money
2, 19, 21, 69, 71, 110, 120, 123, 125, 130, 141, 163–4, 168–79, 181, 183, 184, 197n50, 236–7, 239–40, 248, 269, 297, 302, 304
changing of
97, 133, 317
giving of
19, 154
lending of
317
sacred
125–6, 178
Monza
262–3, 272
morality
289
Morgan, Catherine
96
moulids
245
Mount Ida
41
Mount Kailash
38
Mount Kasios
33–59
Mount Lykaion
41, 45n74
Mount Mykale
164, 182
Mount Olympos
41, 44
Mount Parnassos
104
movement
22, 34–5, 37–8, 57–9, 72, 78, 81n80, 122, 191–2, 343
meanings of
33
patterns of
216
restricted
222, 245
munera
141
Muses
172
musicians
15, 20, 122, 128–9
mutationes
68
Mykonos
128
Mylonopoulos, Ioannis
191
Myra
259n37, 260, 302–3, 305
mysteries
15, 126, 129, 132, 213, 218, 308, 316
Negev
77, 80, 82, 84
Nemea
8, 117
Nessana
82, 155
House of Abu Joseph
155
network
braided
14, 62–86, 206
commercial
72–3, 335n18
of relations
188–9
trade
65, 79, 85, 204, 310
travel
62–4
New Mobilities Paradigm
33, 35
Nicholas of Myra, St.
302–3, 305
Niketas Patrikios
256
Nikomedes II
128
Nikon Metanoeite
267
Nile
77, 230, 234, 243
Nilsson, Martin
164
Nîmes
149
Nisibis
74
Nitria
75
Nola
140, 145–6, 151, 155
Nongbri, Brent
6–7, 9
North Africa
17, 23, 73, 294, 334
North, John
6
Notitia Dignitatum
77, 81
Novellus (deacon)
153
nymphs
40
oath
34, 103, 346–7
oil
76, 83, 120, 181, 238, 254, 257–9, 261–4, 266, 270, 274, 288
Old Testament
40
olive presses
219
olives
83, 151, 177, 210, 258–9
Olympia
10–1, 39–40, 94, 96, 103n50, 104, 130n64, 131, 133, 165, 193n23, 208, 317
Olympic Games
117, 130
oracle
8, 94, 99, 100n31, 127, 166, 174–5, 196, 307, 309
Orestes
172
Orontes river
41, 43
Oropos
178, 317
Osrhoene
150
Pachomius, St.
229–30, 237, 242
Palladius
148, 230
Pan
40
pandocheion
70, 75, 144, 149
pandokos naos
196
panegyris, see fairs
Papaconstantinou, Arietta
238, 248
Parion
131
Parker, Robert
5, 120
Patterson, Orlando
19
patronage
21, 145, 155–7
imperial
85, 150
royal
79
Paul
143, 155, 301n45, 304n55
Paulinus of Nola
145–7
Pausanias
119, 193n23, 195, 209, 214n43, 329–30, 341, 343, 346, 348
Pbow
242
pelanos
99–100, 128, 163, 167, 172–7, 197, 307
Peloponnesian War
309
Perachora
207
performance
35, 37, 39, 116, 331, 340
economic
349
choral
19
Pergamon
99, 120, 124n41, 169–71, 177, 317n103
Asklepieion
167
peribolos
101, 204
periodos
94
Perlman, Paula
122
Persia
74
Peru
53, 209–10
Peter, St.
142, 155–6, 257
Peter the Deacon
81
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders
232–3
Peutinger Map
70, 77, 79, 82n83
Pgol
232
Pharan
78–85
Phaselis
99–100, 173–4, 306n63
phenomenology
13n48, 46–57, 62, 192
phiale
100–1, 109, 127n51
Philea
165
Philostratos
308
Phoenicia
109, 207, 294, 320, 335–6
Phokas, St.
290n7, 299–302
Piacenza Pilgrim
66n11, 71n35, 82–5, 147–9, 261–2
piety
38, 66–7, 105, 118n12, 187, 240, 258, 340–1, 344–5
pilgrimage
as analytical category
7–9
Christian
1, 23, 62, 65, 76–7, 80, 85
contemporary
1–2, 18–9, 35, 209–12
cultural
112
Islamic
1, 78
Jewish
81
medieval
1, 9n36, 78
spiritual preparation for
13
studies
7, 33
typology of
8
Pindar
196
pirates
39, 121, 330
place
holy
1, 76, 83–4, 256
Plato
187, 198, 315
Plautus
164
plethos
292–3, 295,
crowd
Pliny
44, 46, 79n64, 293–4
Ploutos
308
Plutarch
16, 94, 97–8, 170
Poland, Franz
336
Polanyi, Karl
5, 8, 9n36, 85, 269
polis
15, 17, 81, 95, 99, 118, 164, 167, 169–70, 174, 176, 183, 192, 300, 337
non-
40
pompai, see processions
poor
141n6, 146, 148, 155–7, 164, 184, 248, 271, 298–305, 315, 322
-house
156, 301n43
Poros
208
Poseidon
15, 117, 208, 293–4, 321
pottery
10, 78, 80, 82, 205, 208, 268, 273, 310n75
prayer
20, 67, 74, 76, 117n6, 146, 230, 232, 235, 247, 254, 256n7, 273
halls
1n3
prestige
109, 119, 132n76, 134
Price, Simon
6
priest
44, 128, 166n12, 167, 169, 173, 175, 193
priesthood
183, 220
Priscus
315
prisoners
19n65, 110, 143
probabilistic models
332, 346, 349
processions
15, 34n4, 116, 126, 128–9, 134, 213, 295–6, 312, 318
proclamations
95
Procopius
72, 84
production
2, 8, 10, 21, 65, 80, 83, 95, 104, 204n4, 206, 208, 213, 215, 219, 234, 238, 242, 243n71, 247, 262, 268, 274, 307–8, 310, 314n93, 332–3, 336
promanteia
196
property
141, 236–7, 240, 270, 318
of the god
193
sacred
178
prostitution
66, 70, 74
Protestantism
4, 6
proxenos
102, 197n47, 130
psychological models
349
Purcell, Nicholas
3, 8, 12, 85, 318–9
Pylos
15
Pythia
94, 96, 103, 117n10, 120
Pythian Games
94, 117
Pytho
98
Qal’at Sem’an
21, 149, 261, 265, 267, 273–4
Raithou
79, 84
Rauh, Nicholas
331
Reader, Ian
1, 314
reciprocity
5, 17–8, 20–1, 188, 191, 198, 269, 271–2, 297–8, 302, 304, 306, 320–1
Reddish, Paul
342
Reden, Sitta von
163, 178
refectory
151, 230, 232, 234, 244, 247
regional policy
119
relics
1, 76, 140–3, 238, 244, 254–7, 261n47, 301n42
religion
definitions of
6
as analytical category
5
Rhodes
117, 130, 170, 172, 193, 334n17, 337
Rigsby, Kent
119
rite of passage
7, 33
ritual
drink
15
requirements
213
washing
15
road
building
39
improvement
68
systems
14, 62, 67
robbers
39, 121, 303
Rome
67, 142
Campus Martius
155
Forum Boarium
205
Lateran church
262
Via Lata
156
Rostovtzeff, Michael
290, 333n12
route
processional
48, 244
Medieval pilgrimage
78
royal benefaction
121
Rufinus
147, 230
Rutherford, Ian
8, 39, 122, 292, 314
Sabines
205
sacred
calendar
164, 215
dust
254
truce
119
sacrifice
16, 18–9, 34, 38, 44–6, 50n95, 94, 100, 116–7, 120, 124–5, 127–8, 130, 158, 163–84, 197, 297, 306, 312–3, 318,
animal, sacrificial
sacrificial
meal
116, 125, 130,
feast
offering, see sacrifice
safety
2, 14, 24, 34, 67, 302, 341
Sagalassos
215
saints
23, 63, 76, 155, 3210, 240, 248, 254–5, 264, 271, 299–300, 302–5, 307, 320n114
cult of
238
Samaria
264
Samos
195, 207, 214, 217, 289n4, 316n99, 317
sanctuary
extra-urban
35
federal
218
mountain
14, 35, 47, 58
narratives
191
organisation
220
Panhellenic
9, 15, 93–112
sandals
213
sailors
43, 170, 195n36, 297, 300–2
Salaminioi
164n5, 173
Sallnow, Michael
7, 16, 209
salt
100
Samothrace
24
Santiago de Compostela
317
Sapanu
43
Sardis
121n23, 256
Sasima
70
Sayings of the Desert Fathers
230
Schachner, Lucas
242, 266
Schachter, Albert
192
Scott Fitzgerald, F.
184
Seaford, Richard
163
Seleukeia
293
Seleukeia Pieria
44, 46
Seleukos I Nikator
44
Selinous
172
Serabit el Khadim
79
settlement
70n29, 73, 76, 80–1, 83, 103, 112, 155, 205, 210, 218, 230, 234, 238, 243
sheep
50, 58, 126, 127, 306n61, 318, 319n110
Shenoute
230, 233, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244–5, 248
shepherds
164
shopkeepers
214, 316
Sicily
122, 262n48, 294, 301
Sijpesteijn, Petra
239
silver
43, 127, 177, 270, 295–7, 308, 311, 317n102
Simeon the Elder Stylite, St.
76, 149, 256, 265–7
Simeon the Younger Stylite, St.
256, 268n94
Simmel, Georg
163, 178
Sinai
14, 62, 65, 70n29, 71, 76–85, 148
Sinclair, Thomas Alan
45
Sinope
290n7, 299–300, 301n42
sins
72, 74, 247
Skiathos
100, 174, 197n46
skins
100, 129
slave market
209, 214, 319, 333n13
slaves
19, 95, 128, 132n78, 179, 209, 217, 220–2, 290, 313n89, 316, 318–20, 333, 349
soap
healing
76
social
actions
4, 10, 35
behaviour
22, 342
institutions
190–1, 200
social network theory
63
Socrates
39
soldiers
63, 75, 84, 329
souvenir
1, 16, 18, 21, 24, 76, 134, 209, 212, 314
Sozomen
294
space
built
62
public
191, 215, 271, 338, 344
sacred
93, 101, 117n6, 191–2, 200, 204, 222
transactional
289, 291, 315, 317, 321
transient usage of
215
urban
215, 341
spatial turn
35, 192n20, 204
spring
46, 74, 120, 167, 217–9, 221, 306
Sri Lanka
7, 188
stables
17, 140, 144, 150–2, 154
stalls
20, 209n26, 210, 212, 214–6, 222–3, 316
statue
22, 101–2, 165, 193–4, 217, 318, 329–32, 341, 343–5, 348
honorific
338
Stengel, Paul
172
Stephen, St.
140–1, 157
Stevens, Susan
155
Strabo
46, 93, 110, 206n14, 309, 330
Straten, Folkert van
193
Suez
75, 77
Surandala
148
Synaxarion
240
synchretism
209
Symmachus (pope)
155, 156n65
synhedrion
131
Syros
301
Tabennesse
242
Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi
234
Tatarna
293
Taurus mountains
71
tax
72, 167, 240–1
collectors
70, 72
exemptions
121n23, 220, 222, 308, 316, 320
land
228
poll
228–9
taxation
21, 68, 78, 99, 220, 222, 239, 241, 248
Tegea
50n95, 127, 133, 213, 289n4, 316n100
Telanissos, see Deir Sem’an
temenos
130, 192–3, 204, 208, 216, 344
temples
8, 10, 15, 19n65, 56, 116n5, 141, 153, 167, 191, 204, 344, 346
temporary structures
53, 103, 214
Ten Commandments
82
tent
47n86, 53, 102–3, 128–130, 245
first
102
territory
116, 119, 122, 236
Thasos
100n32, 179, 182
Theano
312
theatre
16, 130n67, 153, 204, 311
theft
84,
crime
Thekla
76n55, 264, 293, 295, 304–5, 308
Theodolinda
262
Theodore of Sykeon, St.
70, 72
Theodore Tiron, St.
264
Theodoret of Cyrrhus
257
Theophanes
71, 77
theophany
82
Theophrastos
344
theoria
8, 120, 127n51, 208, 289, 292, 314
theorodokoi
120n20, 122, 124–5, 207
theoroi
17, 38, 103, 112, 120, 122, 124–5, 127, 130, 176, 207, 294
theory of mind (ToM)
189, 199–200
theoxenia
301, 302n47
Thera
179, 181
Thermon
289n4, 317
thesauros
(collection box)
180–2
(treasury), see treasuries
Thessalos (author)
38
Theveste
17, 140, 151–3, 157
Tih Plateau
76, 82
Timarion
293–6, 299, 305
Timgad
157
tips
71
tithe
165–6, 183
Tobler, Waldo
66
tombs
40, 45, 155, 262
tourists
47, 83, 213
trade
12, 14, 20, 23, 63, 65, 72–3, 76–7, 79–80, 82–3, 85, 105, 107, 132–4, 151–2, 170, 187, 204–6, 214, 220–1, 273, 288–91, 297n31, 301, 305, 309–10, 316, 319–20, 322, 334n17, 341, 343, 346, 349–50
cross-cultural
291
traders
16, 22, 62, 65, 122–3, 127, 132, 207, 213, 222–3, 243, 293, 320n114, 329–31, 337–8, 340, 343, 346, 349
Trajan
44–5
transport
11, 13, 37, 72, 121, 220, 256, 260, 307
mode of
66
speed of
66
travel
administrative
74
coerced
349
long-distance
110
mercantile
74
sacred
63
sea
39
treasury
of the Athenians, see Delphi
of the Corinthians, see Delphi
tripods
11, 96, 104–6, 109, 178
Triptolemos
46, 307–9
Trojan War
309–11
True Cross
261
trust
20, 22–3, 134, 289, 291, 315–6, 318, 320, 322, 339–41, 347–8
trustworthiness
347–8
Turner, Victor and Edith
7, 22
Tyche
167
Ugarit
43
Umar II
241
urbanism
2, 205
vagabond(s)
70
value
2, 10, 18, 38, 76, 96, 104, 121, 142, 187, 200, 248, 255, 269–70, 272, 289, 302, 317, 344
Varro
318
vegetables
83, 300
Vernant, Jean-Pierre
163, 168, 178, 182
Via Maris
77, 84
Via Nova Traiana
67, 68n14
Vikan, Gary
267
Villard, Ugo Monneret de
234, 245
violence
38, 66, 74
Virgin Mary
212
visitation
2, 15, 21n68, 228–49
vital matter
11
votive
16, 18, 93–6, 104, 106–7, 109–10, 112, 117n6, 127, 193n24, 195, 200, 204, 331
behaviour
2
dedications
10, 331
graffito
306n63
inscriptions
301
landscape
112
offerings
18, 101, 110, 191n15, 193–4, 199, 208, 346
practices
93
production of
208
Vryonis, Speros
290
Wadi Feinan
81
Wadi Mujawed
83
Wadi Natrun
229
Wadi Tuweiba
81
water
holy
212, 259n39
spring
217
wealth
45, 68, 83, 85, 110, 118n13, 128, 210, 236, 240, 270, 289, 295, 297n31, 298, 304, 349
mineral
79
weapons
dedication of
106–7
Weber, Max
3–5
White, Harrison
189
White Monastery
230, 232–3, 236–8, 240–5, 247–8
Whitley, James
191
wildness
40–1
wine
83, 128, 130, 142, 220, 259, 288, 297, 308n70
Wipszycka, Ewa
236
Woodhouse, W.J.
293
wool
164, 210, 290
workers’ camp
79
workshops
223, 230, 240
Wright, Robert
339
xenodochium
65, 141
Anichoriorum
155
xenon
102–3
Xenophon
39, 110, 165
Xerxes
311–3
Xiphilinos
256
Yahweh
40
Yusab I
242
Zambrechon
288
Zeno (emperor)
264
Zeus
40–1, 44–5, 49, 51–4, 117, 193n23, 194, 217, 219–20, 222–3, 296, 317
Baitokaike
217–23
Ouranios
219
Ziebarth, Erich
336
zooarchaeological evidence
50, 208