Ensuring the effective participation of national minorities in public life is directly relevant to my conflict prevention work as the osce High Commissioner on National Minorities. The premise is that where people are given a real opportunity to play a full part in the society in which they live, including through benefitting from protections for their identity, the society is less likely to be marred by conflict. It is less likely to fail.
The first osce High Commissioner on National Minorities, Max van der Stoel, fully understood the danger associated with attempts to create ethnically homogenous states in historically multi-ethnic environments. Following the dramatic and violent dissolution of Yugoslavia, he took concrete steps to address the increasing scepticism about the chances for survival of multi-ethnic states. Having already published recommendations dealing with the educational and linguistic rights of national minorities, with the Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life, launched in 1999, he took a stand on the issue of effective participation.
The thematic guidelines and recommendations of the hcnm are not bills of rights. The primary purpose is not to instruct States to respect the rights of national minorities. The hcnm offers guidance on how these goals can be achieved. Drafted by an international panel of experts upon his instructions, the Lund Recommendations represented a significant contribution to the guidance available at the time. As can be seen from this volume, their impact upon other international organisations, which would build upon the recommendations in their own area of responsibility, was equally significant.
The editors’ work in drawing together a select field of scholars continues a tradition of pairing theoretical backbone with experience gained from the real world of conflict prevention diplomacy. The osce has traditionally been a place where reasoned discourse survives, despite different positions. This book should stimulate debate and is a most welcome addition to the literature in this field. Published twenty years after the launch of the Lund Recommendations, it also serves as a survey of current practice.