Index
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
26–27, 29, 34, 36, 64, 73, 79, 81, 187–188, 232
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5
26, 34, 64, 79, 189, 232, 307, 317
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14
26, 34, 77–79, 165, 232, 358–359
abandonment of seafarers
47, 250, 280, 313
abuse, verbal and physical
2, 10, 28, 36, 45, 47, 54, 67, 145, 167, 177, 229–230, 235–237, 238, 241, 253–258, 272, 276, 289, 323
accommodation, separate
7, 146, 285, 289, 305, 330
Andersen, Hans Christian
122, 123
androcentrism
147, 213
post-humanism
Antarctic Ocean
226
Anthropocene, law and
11, 20, 83, 91, 98, 217
applicable law
19, 248, 325
armed robbery at sea
47, 229
armed robbers see pirates
arrest of individuals
identification of persons arrested
168, 229, 245
in the territorial sea
245
on the high seas
61, 128, 243–246
arrest of vessels
50, 51, 53, 168
artificial islands
155
asylum seekers see refugees
Bacon, Francis
212, 213
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action
5, 30, 191, 200, 306
Birkenhead
144, 147
Borgese, Elisabeth Mann
12, 82, 106–121, 148, 159
Bowman, Cynthia
135
Braidotti, Rosy
91, 92, 214
Buss, Dory
104, 131
Butler, Judith
133
Cambodia
42, 238
Charlesworth, Hilary
5, 87–91, 93, 150–153, 156–158
child labour
59, 62, 232, 259
Chinkin, Christine
5, 87, 89–91, 94, 150–153, 156
civil and political rights and freedoms
183
human rights
civil society
67, 70, 135, 271, 328
climate change
11, 15, 42, 101, 103, 186, 343–347, 349–360
women and
28, 29, 34, 81, 348
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
51, 59, 171, 193, 219, 248, 249
colonialism
88, 99, 104
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
20, 39
Commission on the Status of Women
30, 190, 191
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
4, 7, 19, 29, 30, 69, 70, 136, 190–192, 200, 214, 231, 262, 305, 316
common heritage of mankind
14, 49, 104, 106, 112, 115, 134, 148
confiscation see arrest of vessels
considerations of humanity
53, 323
contiguous zone
209
continental shelf
49, 83, 86, 118, 155, 209
corporal punishment, prohibition of
50
crew
1, 286
duties
50, 53, 337
protection
38, 44, 46, 62, 156, 168, 314
training
56, 57, 58, 169, 249
crew list
62, 63
cruise vessels
312
Dallmayer, Dorinda
87
death
46, 124, 128, 139, 212, 272
life, right to
De Beauvoir, Simone
124
detention
legal basis
323, 327
safeguards
47, 174, 327
transfer of people detained
242
Dinnerstein, Dorothy
126, 127
Distress
53, 97, 263, 265, 266
life, rescue
diversity
8, 11, 33, 94, 308, 312, 315
drug trafficking
237
due diligence
171, 204, 253
due process of law
53
due regard
176
economic and social rights
280, 281, 284
ecosystem
25, 83, 134, 166, 180, 186, 204–206, 209, 210, 223–228, 346–349, 353, 357–359
approach
64, 205–206, 209, 223–228
effective remedy, right to
259
empowerment
,
see women
enforcement
,
see law enforcement
Engle, Karen
90, 91, 217
environment
3, 84, 87–88, 91, 95–96, 100–102, 105, 112, 117, 188, 204–206, 212–215, 225, 227
post humanism
marine
25, 35, 49, 64, 88, 134, 165, 185, 186, 201, 219–224
protection of the
17, 50, 76, 81, 84, 117, 118, 116, 186, 204, 233, 253, 304, 312–313, 357, 359
pollution of the
50, 57, 84, 104, 148, 212, 214, 237, 246, 356
equality
16, 19, 94–95, 177, 188, 216, 285, 289, 290, 306
gender equality
formal
94, 95, 216
of individuals
18, 29, 30, 51
of sexes
4, 30–31, 33, 120, 182, 190, 194, 196–201, 286–287, 299
substantive
17, 49, 57, 80, 195, 287, 290, 313, 352
European Court of Human Rights
137, 140
European Union
181, 195–200, 235, 240, 354
evidence, difficulties in obtaining
62, 139, 241–242, 246–247, 291, 341
exclusive economic zone
coastal State jurisdiction
97, 129
coastal State sovereign rights
50, 85, 115, 185, 208, 233
expression, freedom of
140
extraterritorial jurisdiction
,
see jurisdiction
feminism
approach
3, 5, 12, 83, 84, 87–96, 150–151, 160, 276
international law and
3, 12, 83
intersectional
87–94
post-colonial
205, 214, 216, 223
post-humanism
12, 14, 204–205, 210, 214–215, 218, 223, 228
structural-bias
83, 87–91, 93, 94, 102, 104, 205, 214
fish processing
45, 160
fisheries: passim
crimes
55, 63–64, 237, 258
depletion
147, 204, 218, 223
small-scale
41, 51, 65, 68, 95, 159, 193
women and
13, 40–42, 73, 94, 180, 186, 192, 195, 202, 231, 256, 302, 305, 351
fishers
41, 51, 146, 159
protection
58–60, 167, 169–170, 173–177, 250, 253
repatriation
175
women
10, 14, 40, 52, 65, 147, 160, 165, 176, 177–179
flag
,
see jurisdiction, nationality
Food and Agriculture Organization
40, 165, 180, 189, 302, 351, 353
force
,
see use of force
forced labour
8, 40, 45–46, 54, 59–63, 66, 177, 230–232, 236–238, 242–244, 252, 258–259, 261, 269, 283
slavery
freedom of navigation
16, 128, 207, 242–244
freedom of religion
30, 287
Gender: passim law of the sea
approach to international law
1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 83–91, 93, 95, 149–150, 161, 198, 270, 354
definition of
1, 6, 44, 80, 270
discrimination
41, 144–146, 196, 305
effect of
308
equality
3–5, 7–16, 18–20, 26–29, 30–40, 48–52, 64–82, 117, 180–203, 232, 302–317, 344, 348, 353, 358, 361
mainstreaming
14, 31, 33, 35, 42, 44, 52, 64, 72, 81, 177, 194–195, 200–201
neutrality
50, 147
stereotyping
40, 299, 310, 315, 317
theory
155
Gerrard, Siri
94
global governance
12, 86–88, 89, 100–106, 120
Grear, Anna
215
Greenpeace
138
Grotius, Hugo
86, 129, 206–207
Gunning, Isabelle
134
Haraway, Donna
92
healthcare, dedicated to women
2, 33, 44, 334, 339
Hemingway, Ernest
165
high seas arrest, interception, piracy
fishing
61
freedom
12, 50, 61, 85, 110, 122, 128–130, 134, 142, 243–245
right of visit
61, 246
hot pursuit
61, 100, 246
human-centered approach to international law
154
human-centered regimes
209–211, 221
human element
25, 76, 79, 144, 154, 156, 359
human rights, passim jurisdiction
bodies
136
discretion
274
extraterritorial application
255–258
gross violations
254
principles
54
procedural obligations
253
regional
31, 102
standards
103
violations
67, 234, 255
Human Rights Committee
137
human trafficking
2, 8, 11–15, 28, 40, 45, 46, 54, 60–61, 63, 66, 177, 229–247, 251, 258–259, 260–264, 269, 274, 277
Hutchins, Robert
108, 119
illegal, unreported, unregulated fishing see IUU fishing
immunity
133
inclusiveness
8, 26, 86, 155, 160, 189, 214, 232, 312
individual, subjectivity of the
88, 104, 210, 212, 226
industrial activities
41, 231
inhuman and degrading treatment
2, 56, 237, 259, 273, 322, 324
abuse, torture
injury
46, 290, 299, 305, 337
innocent passage, right of
244
inspections
58–63, 174, 250, 290–292, 295, 300
installations
,
see structures
interception, maritime
229, 234
internal waters
129, 237
international criminal law
5, 6, 90, 155
international environmental law
102, 155, 209, 217
international humanitarian law
53, 86, 151, 254, 318–321, 325, 342
international labour law
2, 7, 10, 13, 102
International Labour Organization
46, 167, 181, 189, 277, 280, 304
international law: passim
coherence
66
critical approaches
3, 5, 18
fragmentation
7, 100, 101–102, 133, 155
general
53, 146, 155
hierarchy
118, 142, 211–213, 215–216
holistic approach to
35, 227
systemic nature
5, 150–151, 153–154, 160, 205–206
International Maritime Organization
20, 47–48, 57–58, 72, 76, 264, 266, 291, 304–307, 310, 314, 347
International Seabed Area
168
International Seabed Authority
17, 39, 77, 80, 115, 158
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
9, 20, 39, 49, 51, 53, 93, 146, 170–172, 222
investigation, duty to conduct
59–60, 62–63, 242, 246–247, 254, 258, 292, 295–297, 298, 300
IUU fishing
14, 64, 166–167, 171, 204, 248–249
Japan
85, 99, 236, 309–311, 315
Jones, Henry
103
judges, international
9, 20, 146
women
10, 20, 39, 146
jurisdiction
port State control
enforcement
168
exclusive
61, 129, 138
extraterritorial
255, 256
flag State
129, 244
functional
110, 119
in human rights law
253, 255, 257, 259
in international law
4, 138, 168
in the law of the sea
88, 103, 110, 129
nationality principle
55, 62, 168, 243, 244, 264
port State
58–60, 174, 247, 250, 295, 296
territorial
85, 86, 110, 128
universal
244, 256
jus cogens
154
Kapur, Ratna
91
Knop, Karen
131, 133–135
Koskenniemi, Martti
10, 128
language, neutrality of
51, 52, 159, 160, 161
law enforcement
2, 86, 235, 237, 242, 258, 273, 271, 274
law of the sea: passim contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, high seas, internal waters, International Seabed Area, territorial sea
gender and
1–21, 34, 70, 79, 81, 83, 86–88, 95, 149, 153, 154, 155
human rights and
7, 14, 48, 98, 101, 146, 233–234, 251
labour law and
2, 7, 10, 13, 102, 146, 171, 338
Lee, Jessica
127
liberty, right to
47, 146
life, right to
98, 145, 259, 273
death, safety
duty to save life at sea see rescue
positive obligations
259, 272
Mann, Katia Pringsheim
107
marine environment, dangerous nature of
57, 356
maritime labour
11, 12, 279–283, 286–287, 290, 291, 338
maritime zones
16, 129, 264
contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, high seas, International Seabed Area, internal waters, territorial sea
masculinity
91, 152, 315
maternity
2, 44, 57, 286, 289, 300, 313, 338
Medical care
157, 173, 250, 259, 282, 320, 329–340
Mediterranean Sea
114, 130, 356
Merchant, Caroline
212–213
migrants
11, 53, 87, 235, 262, 272, 313
non refoulement, place of safety, rescue, smuggling
repatriation
242
women
36, 260, 261, 262, 277
workers
31, 45, 55
nationality of individuals
62, 168, 176, 178, 234, 242, 255, 265, 288
navigation, freedom of
16, 128, 207, 242–244
Neimanis, Astrida
83, 89, 91, 92, 104, 105
Nesiah, Vasuki
88, 91
neutrality see gender, language
Ngwena, Charles
136
non-discrimination
65, 121, 177, 178, 182, 189, 251, 285–286, 288, 290, 304
non-refoulement
53, 54, 268
North Korea
85, 99
ocean governance
11, 106, 111, 115–116, 118–120, 148
Pardo, Arvid
107, 108, 109, 148
participation see women
pay, equal
2, 179, 189, 196, 200
Perera, Suvendrim
85, 98, 99
physical integrity
,
see injury
piracy
61, 85, 88, 142, 229, 244, 313
pirates
85
place of safety
264–267
platforms
,
see structures
Plumwood, Val
212–213
police operations
,
see law enforcement
port State control
57–60, 174, 247, 250, 295–296
positive obligations
170–171, 252–253
due diligence
post-humanism
14, 204, 215, 218, 223, 226
law and
11–12, 205–206
precautionary approach
209
pregnancy
5, 137, 140, 272, 335, 337, 340–341
private actors
15, 67, 303, 307–308, 311–317, 353
private life, right to
152
prompt release see arrest of vessels
prosecution
60, 96–97, 242, 255, 272–275, 328–329
push-back operations
167
race
29–30, 85, 90–91, 96, 105, 152, 178, 212, 214, 287–288
colonialism, post-colonialism
rape
8, 96, 321–322, 324–325, 328–329, 337
refugees
53–54, 130, 240, 260, 265
refugee seamen
36–37, 84, 130, 260–261, 265
women
36, 98
rescue, duty to place of safety, safety of life at sea, search and rescue
coastal State
97, 264, 267
customary international law
263
during wartime
318, 319
flag State
57
master
98, 263
responsibility, ILC draft articles
234, 243, 251–255, 258
rest, right to
47, 175
Rolland, Romain
127
safety of life at sea
17, 56–57, 97, 264–265
rescue
sailors
,
see seafarers
scientists
38
sea level rise
344, 345, 349, 351–353, 359
seafarers
47, 92, 283–285
employment
58, 189, 282–283, 284–285
health and medical care
73, 96–97, 279, 281, 289–290, 297, 299–301, 302–303
recruitment
286, 304, 312
training
309–313
women
8, 10, 47, 76, 96–97, 161, 189, 283–285, 289–290, 299–301, 303, 304–307, 309, 310, 313–315
search and rescue
97, 264–268
sexual harassment
8, 40, 44, 96, 231, 285, 297, 305, 336
sexual violence
96–97, 319–329, 332, 335, 336–342, 339–344
rape
Shaw, Karina
132, 133
ship see vessel
Simpson, Lynne
96
slave-like practices
54, 239, 269
slave-trade see slavery
slavery, freedom from
56, 66, 232, 325
forced labour, human trafficking
smuggling of migrants
11, 14, 54, 237, 242, 260–278
social security, right to
59, 173, 176–177, 199, 250, 259, 283, 286, 289
soft law
5, 182, 193, 196, 200–202
sovereignty
13, 110, 118–119, 122, 123–133, 139–143, 217, 229, 244, 252, 258
standards, generally accepted
56
stateless persons
260
stowaways
156
structures
86, 87–89, 91–93, 94–96, 98–104, 150–152, 256, 330, 351
subjectivity
human
88, 211, 212
legal
104, 105, 215, 226
submarine cables and pipelines
155
sustainable development
of oceans
8, 26, 165, 180, 185, 186, 220, 299
women and
8, 14, 20, 26, 28, 32, 33, 78, 117, 120, 182, 186, 201, 202, 203, 358
territorial sea
85, 88, 99–100, 110, 128–129, 135–140
terrorism
28, 85, 88, 229, 237
Téson, Fernando
153, 154
Thailand
42, 64, 113, 238, 276
torture
2, 56, 124, 259, 273, 322
training
19, 36, 41, 52, 56–58, 71–75, 114–117, 121, 169, 172, 176, 241, 242, 250, 265, 271, 289, 292, 300, 304–306, 309–316, 334, 338, 341, 355, 359, 360
transnational criminal group
234, 241
transnational organized crime
61, 236, 237
United Nations
Division on Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS)
360
General Assembly
8, 30–33, 48, 60, 62, 63, 69–72, 77–81, 93, 112, 187, 190, 252, 268, 305, 359
Secretary General reports on Oceans and the law of the sea
25, 42, 69, 79, 220–221, 224, 227, 358–359
Security Council
28, 85, 90, 99–100
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
185, 220
Rio Declaration
32–33, 120
Agenda 21
32–33, 52, 181, 185–186, 220
United Nations Environment Programme
114, 115
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee
235
United States
93, 181, 236, 237, 308, 311, 318
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4, 26, 29, 31, 65, 181
use of force
54, 85, 88, 99–101, 155, 239, 244, 269
Vattel, Emmerich de
208
vessel, passim arrest of vessels, jurisdiction
as a working place
2, 17, 37, 46
fishing
1, 8, 40–41, 46–47, 56, 58–63, 101, 166, 169, 172–175, 182, 230, 236–237, 249–250, 253
nationality
46, 55, 61
never entering into port
61, 237, 247
safety
18, 56, 60, 169, 174, 176, 237, 247, 292, 297–298, 304, 313
violence against women
26, 31, 68, 131, 135, 201, 231
vulnerability
of individuals
53, 239, 262, 300
of ecosystems
347, 349, 353
of women
6, 9, 13, 14, 46, 124, 125, 217, 231, 276, 284, 286
Williams, Patricia
125
women, passim climate change, equality, fishers, gender, judges, migrants, refugees, sustainable development, violence, vulnerability
empowerment
3, 8, 11–12, 13, 16, 18, 26–29, 30, 33–35, 38, 64–66, 70–73, 79–80, 82, 95, 187–287, 299, 342, 344
law of the sea and
10, 12, 15, 21, 70, 92, 106, 154, 159
membership in bodies
20, 327, 324, 335, 339
navy
9, 15, 18, 40, 96, 318–319, 327–333, 336–337, 340
participation
3–4, 8–10, 16, 29, 32–34, 37, 52, 65–71, 77–78, 81, 87, 92–95, 117, 121, 159, 182, 185–186, 192–195, 348, 352, 354, 359–360
rights
16, 28, 137, 178, 188, 274
rural
77, 192–195, 214, 256, 353
victims of crime
13, 90, 146, 262, 271, 325, 327
working conditions
27, 37, 64, 170, 199, 300
decent
12, 40, 44–46, 56, 58, 60, 76, 176, 252, 259
inhuman and degrading
2
Wright, Shelley
5, 87, 89–90, 93, 132, 133, 150–153, 156