4. Acaricides: current status and sustainable alternatives for controlling the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, based on its ecology

Isabel K.F. de Miranda Santos; Gustavo R. Garcia; Priscila Silva Oliveira; Cecília J. Veríssimo; Luciana M. Katiki; Leandro Rodrigues; Matias P.J. Szabó; Christine Maritz-Olivier

4. Acaricides: current status and sustainable alternatives for controlling the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, based on its ecology

In: Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

Authors:

Isabel K.F. de Miranda Santos

Isabel K.F. de Miranda Santos Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.

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Gustavo R. Garcia

Gustavo R. Garcia Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.

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Priscila Silva Oliveira

Priscila Silva Oliveira Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.

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Cecília J. Veríssimo

Cecília J. Veríssimo São Paulo State Animal Science Institute, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil.

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Luciana M. Katiki

Luciana M. Katiki São Paulo State Animal Science Institute, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil.

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Leandro Rodrigues

Leandro Rodrigues São Paulo State Animal Science Institute, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil.

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Matias P.J. Szabó

Matias P.J. Szabó School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Campus Umuarama-Bloco 2T, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

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, and

Christine Maritz-Olivier

Christine Maritz-Olivier Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Department of Genetics, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria, South Africa.

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 91–134

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_4

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Dar Hadith al Hassania

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Rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle tick, causes enormous losses for producers of beef, dairy and leather. Currently acaricides are the only method of treatment available to producers, but they are losing their efficacy due to alarming rates of resistance in tick populations, with new mechanisms of resistance being described regularly. Producers must invest in testing the level and type of resistance in field populations in order to select an effective treatment for subsequent seasons, to hinder spread of resistant ticks and achieve the most cost-effective strategy. Besides the levels of resistance to acaricides currently seen, these chemicals also impact greatly on the environment and on the quality of animal products consumed downstream in the food chain. In view of these problems, new and sustainable technologies to control infestations of ticks in cattle (and other commonly used meat-providing hosts) are urgently needed. Feasible alternatives consist of natural products from botanical extracts that kill ticks and/or have repellent properties, capable of modify the off- and on-host ecosystems of the tick. Modifications of the off-host ecosystem of the R. microplus tick consists of increasing its chances for desiccation, predation and/or infection of adults, eggs and larvae to reduce fecundity and hampering the host-seeking capacities of larvae and their vectorial capacity. The choice of a production system, including choice of pasture, and biological control agents can assist in achieving this goal. Modifications of the on-host ecology require that the bovine host mounts efficacious reactions to expel or repel ticks and/or hamper their blood-feeding and vectorial capacity; these responses can be induced by genetic selection, vaccination and/or interventions in the host’s and in the tick’s microbiota. Control strategies must consider endemic stability for maintaining adequate levels of immunity against tick-borne pathogens; they also require that producers understand their mechanisms of action in affecting tick biology in order to maintain adequate compliance and thus success.

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Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

Series: Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases, Volume: 5

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4. Acaricides: current status and sustainable alternatives for controlling the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, based on its ecology

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Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

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