3. Veterinary importance and integrated management of Brachycera flies in dairy farms

Frédéric Baldacchino; Marc Desquesnes; Gérard Duvallet; Timothy Lysyk; Steve Mihok

3. Veterinary importance and integrated management of Brachycera flies in dairy farms

于Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

著者：

Frédéric Baldacchino

Frédéric Baldacchino Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
Direction départementale de la protection des populations Nord, 93-95 boulevard Carnot, 59046 Lille cedex, France.

Search for other papers by Frédéric Baldacchino in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

Marc Desquesnes

Marc Desquesnes Cirad, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

Search for other papers by Marc Desquesnes in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

Gérard Duvallet

Gérard Duvallet Centre d’Écologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, UMR5175, Université Paul-Valéry, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

Search for other papers by Gérard Duvallet in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

Timothy Lysyk

Timothy Lysyk Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1^st Avenue South Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.

Search for other papers by Timothy Lysyk in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

, and

Steve Mihok

Steve Mihok 388 Church Street, Russell, ON, K4R 1A8, Canada.

Search for other papers by Steve Mihok in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 55–90

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_3

您获得访问的方式：

Dar Hadith al Hassania

下载PDF

Adult Brachycera can affect dairy cattle through their feeding behaviour. The main families of veterinary importance are Tabanidae, Athericidae, Rhagionidae, Muscidae, Glossinidae and Hippoboscidae. Non-biting flies such as house flies and face flies ingest liquids from animal tissues using sponging mouthparts, whereas biting flies such as tabanids, stable flies and tsetse flies take blood from hosts using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Thus, Brachycera flies may impact livestock through both direct effects (nuisance, skin injuries, blood losses) and indirect effects (pathogen transport or transmission), contributing to economic losses for dairy production. Non-biting flies are mainly mechanical carriers of pathogens, especially bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli, Moraxella bovis, Staphylococcus aureus). Tabanids and biting muscid flies are mainly mechanical vectors of pathogens including bacteria (e.g. Bacillus anthracis, Anaplasma marginale), protozoa (e.g. Besnoitia besnoiti, Trypanosoma spp.) and viruses (e.g. lumpy skin disease virus), whereas tsetse flies are biological vectors of trypanosomes causing African Animal Trypanosomosis. Brachycera flies are also developmental vectors of several nematodes (Thelazia spp., Parafilaria bovicola, Stephanofilaria stilesi). Today, several control methods are available for the integrated management of flies inside livestock facilities and in pastures, including environmental methods (sanitation), biological methods (parasitoids, entomopathogenic fungi), chemical methods (insect growth regulators, insecticides) and mechanical methods (traps, targets). Facing the growing concern of increasing fly populations related to changing climate and land use, there is a crucial need to better assess their direct impact and their role in the epidemiology of (re)emerging fly-borne pathogens and to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of control methods.

Aiello SE (2012) Merck veterinary manual. Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Available at: https://tinyurl.com/y9vm8lws.
Allingham PG, Leatch G and Kemp DH (1994) An attempt to transmit Anaplasma marginale by buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua). Aust Vet J 71: 122-123.
Alvarez-Garcia G, Frey CF, Ortega Mora LM and Schares G (2013) A century of bovine besnoitiosis: an unknown disease re-emerging in Europe. Trends Parasitol 29: 407-415.
Ammons DR, Reyna A, Granados JC, Samlal MS and Rampersad JN (2009) An investigation of Bacillus thuringiensis in rectal-collected fecal samples of cows. Curr Microbiol 59: 532-536.
Andreeva VR, Kilic AY and Altunsoy F (2009) New contribution to information about Tabanidae (Diptera) adult and larvae from West Anatolia. J Entomol Res Soc 11: 19-30.
Auty H, Torr SJ, Michoel T, Jayaraman S and Morrison LJ (2015) Cattle trypanosomosis: the diversity of trypanosomes and implications for disease epidemiology and control. Rev Sci Tech OIE 34: 587-598.
Baldacchino F, Desquesnes M, Mihok S, Foil LD, Duvallet G and Jittapalapong S (2014a) Tabanids: neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! Infect Genet Evol 28: 596-615.
Baldacchino F, Krčmar S, Bernard C, Manon S and Jay-Robert P (2017) The impact of land use and climate on tabanid assemblages in Europe. Agr Ecosyst Environ 239: 112-118.
Baldacchino F, Muenworn V, Desquesnes M, Desoli F, Charoenviriyaphap T and Duvallet G (2013) Transmission of pathogens by Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae): a review. Parasite 20: 1-13.
Baldacchino F, Porciani A, Bernard C and Jay-Robert P (2014b) Spatial and temporal distribution of Tabanidae in the Pyrenees mountains: the influence of altitude and landscape structure. B Entomol Res 104: 1-11.
Baldacchino F, Puech L, Manon S, Hertzog LR and Jay-Robert P (2014c) Biting behaviour of Tabanidae on cattle in mountainous summer pastures, Pyrenees, France, and effects of weather variables. B Entomol Res 104: 471-479.
Ball SG (1984) Seasonal abundance during the summer months of some cattle-visiting Muscidae (Diptera) in northeast England. Ecol Entomol 9: 1-10.
Bauer B and Baumann MPO (2015) Laboratory evaluation of efficacy and persistence of a 1% w/w fipronil pour-on formulation (Topline®) against Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Diptera: Glossinidae. Parasitol Res 114: 2919-2923.
Bauer B, Mehlitz D and Clausen PH (2012) Impact of insecticide-treated nets on insects of medical and veterinary relevance. In: Mehlhorn H (ed.) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases. Parasitology Research Monographs. Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp 137-150.
Beard PM (2016) Lumpy skin disease: a direct threat to Europe. Vet Rec 178: 557-558.
Bell HA, Robinson KA and Weaver RJ (2010) First report of cyromazine resistance in a population of UK house fly (Musca domestica) associated with intensive livestock production. Pest Manag Sci 66: 693-695.
Beresford DV and Sutcliffe JF (2006) Studies on the effectiveness of Coroplast sticky traps for sampling stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae), including a comparison to Alsynite. J Econ Entomol 99: 1025-1035.
Beresford DV and Sutcliffe JF (2009) Local infestation or long-distance migration? The seasonal recolonization of dairy farms by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in South Central Ontario, Canada. J Econ Entomol 102: 788-798.
Beresford DV and Sutcliffe JF (2010) Assessing pest control using changes in instantaneous rate of population increase: treated targets and stable fly populations case study. J Dairy Sci 93: 2517-2524.
Berkebile DR, Thomas GD and Campbell JB (1994) Overwintering of the stable fly (Diptera, Muscidae) in southeastern Nebraska. J Econ Entomol 87: 1555-1563.
Bigalke RD (1968) New concepts on the epidemiological features of bovine besnoitiosis as determined by laboratory and field investigations. Onderstepoort J Vet 35: 3-137.
Birhanu H, Fikru R, Said M, Kidane W, Gebrehiwot T, Hagos A, Alemu T, Dawit T, Berkvens D, Goddeeris BM and Buscher P (2015) Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 8: 212.
Black WC and Krafsur ES (1986) Population biology and genetics of winter house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations. Ann Entomol Soc Am 79: 636-644.
Bonmatin JM, Giorio C, Girolami V, Goulson D, Kreutzweiser DP, Krupke C, Liess M, Long E, Marzaro M, Mitchell EAD, Noome DA, Simon-Delso N and Tapparo A (2015) Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil. Environ Sci Pollut R 22: 35-67.
Bonomi A, Bassetti F, Gabrieli P, Beadell J, Falchetto M, Scolari F, Gomulski LM, Regazzini E, Ouma JO, Caccone A, Okedi LM, Attardo GM, Guglielmino CR, Aksoy S and Malacrida AR (2011) Polyandry is a common event in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and may impact population reduction measures. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 5: e1190.
Bouet G and Roubaud E (1912) Expériences de transmission des trypanosomiases animales d’Afrique occidentale française par les stomoxes. B Soc Pathol Exot 5: 544-550.
Bouyer J, Stachurski F, Gouro AS and Lancelot R (2009) Control of bovine trypanosomosis by restricted application of insecticides to cattle using footbaths. Vet Parasitol 161: 187-193.
Broce AB (1988) An improved alsynite trap for stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera, Muscidae). J Med Entomol 25: 406-409.
Broce AB, Hogsette J and Paisley S (2005) Winter feeding sites of hay in round bales as major developmental sites of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in pastures in spring and summer. J Econ Entomol 98: 2307-2312.
Bruce WN and Decker GC (1958) The relationship of stable fly abundance to milk production in dairy cattle. J Econ Entomol 51: 269-274.
Brugman VA, Smallegange RC and Logan JG (2018) Semiochemical tools for a new generation of livestock pest control. In: Garros C, Bouyer J, Takken W and Smallegange RC (eds.) Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry. Ecology and Control of Vector-borne diseases. Vol. 5. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 389-434.
Burger J (1995) Yellowstone’s snipe fly summer. Yellowstone Science 3: 2-5.
Burger JF and Anderson JR (1974) Taxonomy and life history of the moose fly, Haematobosca alcis, and its association with the moose, Alces alces shirasi in Yellowstone National Park. Ann Entomol Soc Am 67: 204-214.
Burgess ERI and King BH (2015) Compatibility of the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and insecticides against Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) as evaluated by a new index. J Econ Entomol 108: 986-992.
Butler SM, Gerry AC and Mullens BA (2007) House fly (Diptera: Muscidae) activity near baits containing (Z)-9-tricosene and efficacy of commercial toxic fly baits on a Southern California dairy. J Econ Entomol 100: 1489-1495.
Castro BG, Souza MMS, Regua-Mangia AH and Bittencourt AJ (2010) Enterobacterial microbiota on Stomoxys calcitrans external surface. Transbound Emerg Dis 57: 22-24.
Cherenet T, Sani RA, Panandam JM, Nadzr S, Speybroeck N and Van Den Bossche P (2004) Seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in a tsetse-infested zone and a tsetse-free zone of the Amhara Region, north-west Ethiopia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 71: 307-312.
Chirico J, Jonsson P, Kjellberg S and Thomas G (1997) Summer mastitis experimentally induced by Hydrotaea irritans exposed to bacteria. Med Vet Entomol 11: 187-192.
Cicolani B (1992) Macrochelids mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) occuring in animal droppings in the pasture ecosystem in central Italy. Agr Ecosyst Environ 40: 47-60.
Cruz-Vazquez C, Carvajal Marquez J, Lezama-Gutierrez R, Vitela-Mendoza I and Ramos-Parra M (2015) Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae in the control of infestation by stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), under natural infestation conditions. Vet Parasitol 212: 350-355.
Cuglovici DA, Bartholomeu DC, Reis-Cunha JL, Carvalho AU and Ribeiro MFB (2010) Epidemiologic aspects of an outbreak of Trypanosoma vivax in a dairy cattle herd in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 169: 320-326.
De Vliegher S, Fox LK, Piepers S, McDougall S and Barkema HW (2012) Invited review: mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. J Dairy Sci 95: 1025-1040.
Deacutis JM, Leichter CA, Gerry AC, Rutz DA, Watson WD, Geden CJ and Scott JG (2006) Susceptibility of field collected house flies to spinosad before and after a season of use. J Agr Urban Entomol 23: 105-110.
Denning SS, Washburn SP and Watson DW (2014) Development of a novel walk-through fly trap for the control of horn flies and other pests on pastured dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 97: 4624-4631.
Depner KR (1969) Distribution of the face fly, Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae), in western Canada and the relationship between its environment and population density. Can Entomol 101: 97-100.
Desquesnes M (2004) Livestock trypanosomoses and their vectors in Latin America. OIE, Paris, France.
Desquesnes M, Biteau-Coroller F, Bouyer J, Dia ML and Foil L (2009) Development of a mathematical model for mechanical transmission of trypanosomes and other pathogens of cattle transmitted by tabanids. Int J Parasitol 39: 333-346.
Desquesnes M and Dia ML (2003a) Trypanosoma vivax: mechanical transmission in cattle by one of the most common African tabanids, Atylotus agrestis. Exp Parasitol 103: 35-43.
Desquesnes M and Dia ML (2003b) Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma congolense in cattle by the African tabanid Atylotus agrestis. Exp Parasitol 105: 226-231.
Desquesnes M and Dia ML (2004) Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax in cattle by the African tabanid Atylotus fuscipes. Vet Parasitol 119: 9-19.
Desquesnes M, Holzmuller P, Lai D-H, Dargantes A, Lun Z-R and Jittaplapong S (2013) Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects. Biomed Res Int 2013: 194176.
Dsouli-Aymes N, Michaux J, De Stordeur E, Couloux A, Veuille M and Duvallet G (2011) Global population structure of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Infect Genet Evol 11: 334-342.
Echeverria P, Harrison BA, Tirapat C and McFarland A (1983) Flies as source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in Thailand. Appl Environ Microb 46: 32-36.
Egri A, Blaho M, Szaz D, Kriska G, Majer J, Herczeg T, Gyurkovszky M, Farkas R and Horvath G (2013) A horizontally polarizing liquid trap enhances the tabanid-capturing efficiency of the classic canopy trap. B Entomol Res 103: 665-674.
Fasanella A, Scasciamacchia S, Garofolo G, Giangaspero A, Tarsitano E and Adone R (2010) Evaluation of the house fly Musca domestica as a mechanical vector for an anthrax. PLoS ONE 5: e12219.
Floate KD, Lysyk TJ and Gibson GAP (2013) Haematobia irritans L., horn fly, Musca domestica L., house fly, and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). In: Mason PG and Gillespie DR (eds.) Biological control programmes in Canada 2001-2012. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
Förster M, Gestmann F, Mehlhorn H, Sievert K, Messler S, Neuhausen N, Petersdorf S and Pfeffer K (2012) Flies as vectors of parasites potentially inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In: Mehlhorn H (ed.) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases. Parasitology Research Monographs. Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 227-253.
Foil LD and Hogsette JA (1994) Biology and control of tabanids, stables flies and horn flies. Rev Sci Tech OIE 13: 1125-1158.
Fowler FE and Mullens BA (2016) Dividing the pie: differential dung pat size utilization by sympatric Haematobia irritans and Musca autumnalis. Med Vet Entomol 30: 185-192.
Galindo-Velasco E, Lezama-Gutierrez R, Cruz-Vazquez C, Pescador-Rubio A, Angel-Sahagun CA, Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI and Contreras-Lara D (2015) Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) against adult Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) under stable conditions in the Mexican dry tropics. Vet Parasitol 209: 173-178.
Geden CJ, Rutz DA, Miller RW and Steinkraus DC (1992) Suppression of house flies (Diptera, Muscidae) on New-York and Maryland dairies using release of Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in an integrated management program. Environ Entomol 21: 1419-1426.
Gerhardt RR, Allen JW, Greene WH and Smith PC (1982) The role of face flies in an episode of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180: 156-159.
Gibbs EP, Johnson RH and Osborne AD (1972) Field observations on the epidemiology of bovine herpes mammillitis. Vet Rec 91: 395-401.
Gibson G and Torr SJ (1999) Visual and olfactory responses of haematophagous Diptera to host stimuli. Med Vet Entomol 13: 2-23.
Gilles J, David JF, Duvallet G, De la Rocque S and Tillard E (2007) Efficiency of traps for Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys niger niger on Reunion Island. Med Vet Entomol 21: 65-69.
Gollnick NS, Scharr JC, Schares G and Langenmayer MC (2015) Natural Besnoitia besnoiti infections in cattle: chronology of disease progression. BMC Vet Res 11: 35.
Gooding RH and Krafsur ES (2005) Tsetse genetics: contributions to biology, systematics, and control of tsetse flies. Annu Rev Entomol 50: 101-123.
Graczyk TK, Cranfield MR, Fayer R and Bixler H (1999) House flies (Musca domestica) as transport hosts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 500-504.
Graczyk TK, Knight R, Gilman RH and Cranfield MR (2001) The role of non-biting flies in the epidemiology of human infectious diseases. Microb Infect 3: 231-235.
Graczyk TK, Knight R and Tamang L (2005) Mechanical transmission of human protozoan parasites by insects. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 128-132.
Gutierrez C, Desquesnes M, Touratier L and Büscher P (2010) Trypanosoma evansi: recent outbreaks in Europe. Vet Parasitol 174: 26-29.
Hall MJR, Wall RL and Stevens JR (2016) Traumatic myiasis: a neglected disease in a changing world. Annu Rev Entomol 61: 159-176.
Hall RD (1984) Relationship of the face fly (Diptera, Muscidae) to pinkeye in cattle – a review and synthesis of the relevant literature. J Med Entomol 21: 361-365.
Hall RD and Doisy KE (1989) Walk-through trap for control of horn flies (Diptera, Muscidae) on pastured cattles. J Econ Entomol 82: 530-534.
Hall RD and Gerhardt RR (2002) Flies (Diptera). In: Mullen G and Durden L (eds.) Medical and veterinary entomology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA., pp. 127-145.
Halliday RB and Holm E (1987) Mites of the family Macrochelidae as predators of 2 species of dung-breeding pest flies. Entomophaga 32: 333-338.
Hammer O (1941) Biological and ecological investigations on flies associated with pasturing cattle and their excrement. Vidensk Medd Dansk Naturh Foren 105: 191-393.
Hanley ME, Dunn DW, Abolins SR and Goulson D (2004) Evaluation of (Z)-9-tricosene baited targets for control of the housefly (Musca domestica) in outdoor situations. J Appl Entomol 128: 478-482.
Hawkins JA, Love JN and Hidalgo RJ (1982) Mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis by tabanids (Diptera, Tabanidae). Am J Vet Res 43: 732-734.
Herholz C, Kopp C, Wenger M, Mathis A, Wageli S and Roth N (2016) Efficacy of the repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (DEET) against tabanid flies on horses evaluated in a field test in Switzerland. Vet Parasitol 221: 64-67.
Hillerton JE, Bramley AJ and Broom DM (1984) The distribution of 5 species of flies (Diptera, Muscidae) over the bodies of dairy heifers in England. B Entomol Res 74: 113-119.
Hoare CA (1972) The trypanosomes of mammals. A zoological monograph. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
Hodgman TC, Ziniu Y, Ming S, Sawyer T, Nicholls CM and Ellar DJ (1993) Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strain which is toxic to the house fly Musca domestica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 114: 17-22.
Hogsette JA, Nalli A and Foil LD (2008) Evaluation of different insecticides and fabric types for development of treated targets for stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control. J Econ Entomol 101: 1034-1038.
Hogsette JA, Prichard DL and Ruff JP (1991) Economic-effects of horn fly (Diptera, Muscidae) populations on beef-cattle exposed to 3 pesticide treatment regimes. J Econ Entomol 84: 1270-1274.
Holmes P (2013) Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes – their biology, disease impact and control. J Invertebr Pathol 112: S11-S14.
Hornok S, Foeldvari G, Elek V, Naranjo V, Farkas R and De la Fuente J (2008) Molecular identification of Anaplasma marginale and rickettsial endosymbionts in blood-sucking flies (Diptera: Tabanidae, Muscidae) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 154: 354-359.
Horváth G, Blahó M, Egri Á and Lerner A (2014) Applying polarization-based traps to insect control. In: Horváth G (ed.) Polarized light and polarization vision in animal sciences. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany. Hu GY and Frank JH (1997) Predation on the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) by five species of Philonthus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Environ Entomol 26: 1240-1246.
Hutson AM (1984) Keds, flat-flies and bat-flies. Diptera, Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae. Handbooks for the identification of British insects. Royal Entomological Society, St Albans, UK. Jacquiet P, Lienard E and Franc M (2010) Bovine besnoitiosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Vet Parasitol 174: 30-36.
Jensen KMV, Jespersen JB and Nielsen BO (1993) Variation in density of cattle-visiting muscid flies between Danish inland pastures. Med Vet Entomol 7: 17-22.
Johnson GD, Campbell JB, Minocha HC and Broce AB (1991) Ability of Musca autumnalis (Diptera, Muscidae) to acquire and transmit bovine herpesvirus-1. J Med Entomol 28: 841-846.
Johnson SJ (1987) Stephanofilariasis – a review. Helminthological abstracts 56: 287-299.
Johnson SJ (1989) Studies on stephanofilariasis in Queensland. James Cook University, Douglas, Australia.
Jonsson NN and Mayer DG (1999) Estimation of the effects of buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) on the milk production of dairy cattle based on a meta-analysis of literature data. Med Vet Entomol 13: 372-376.
Kahana-Sutin E, Klement E, Lensky I and Gottlieb Y (2016) High relative abundance of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans is associated with lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Israeli dairy farms. Med Vet Entomol 2: 150-160.
Kangwagye TN (1973) Diurnal and nocturnal biting activity of flies (Diptera) in western Uganda. B Entomol Res 63: 17-29.
Kaufman PE, Nunez SC, Mann RS, Geden CJ and Scharf ME (2010) Nicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticide resistance in houseflies (Diptera: Muscidae) collected from Florida dairies. Pest Manag Sci 66: 290-294.
Kaufman PE, Rutz DA, Frisch S (2005) Large sticky traps for capturing house flies and stable flies in dairy calf greenhouse facilities. J Dairy Sci 88: 176-181.
Keiding J (1999) Review of the global status and recent development of insecticide resistance in field populations of the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). B Entomol Res 89: S7-S67.
Klauck V, Pazinato R, Stefani LM, Santos RC, Vaucher RA, Baldissera MD, Raffin R, Boligon A, Athayde M, Baretta D, Machado G and Da Silva AS (2014) Insecticidal and repellent effects of tea tree and andiroba oils on flies associated with livestock. Med Vet Entomol 28: 33-39.
Kocan KM, De la Fuente J, Blouin EF, Coetzee JF and Ewing SA (2010) The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet Parasitol 167: 95-107.
Krafsur ES and Moon RD (1997) Bionomics of the face fly, Musca autumnalis. Annu Rev Entomol 42: 503-523.
Kraneveld FC and Djaenoedin R (1940) Proeven over de overbrenging van miltvuur door den Tabanus rubidus Wied. op paard en buffet. Ned-Ind Blad Diergeneesk 52: 339-380.
Krantz GW (1983) Mites as biological control agents for dung-breeding flies, with special reference to the Macrochelidae. In: Hoy MA, Cunningham GL and Knutson L (eds.) Biological control of pests by mites. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Krinsky WL (1976) Animal disease agents transmitted by horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae). J Med Entomol 13: 224-275.
Krinsky WL (2002) Tsetse flies (Glossinidae). In: Mullen G and Durden L (eds.) Medical and veterinary entomolology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 303-316.
Kristensen M and Jespersen JB (2003) Larvicide resistance in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in Denmark and establishment of resistant laboratory strains. J Econ Entomol 96: 1300-1306.
Kumar P, Mishra S, Malik A and Satya S (2011) Repellent, larvicidal and pupicidal properties of essential oils and their formulations against the housefly, Musca domestica. Med Vet Entomol 25: 302-310.
Kuramochi K (2000) Ovipositional behavior of the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in the field. J Med Entomol 37: 461-466.
Lachance S and Grange G (2014) Repellent effectiveness of seven plant essential oils, sunflower oil and natural insecticides against horn flies on pastured dairy cows and heifers. Med Vet Entomol 28: 193-200.
Lane RP and Crosskey RW (1993) Medical insects and arachnids. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
Lehane M (2005) The biology of blood-sucking in insects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Lehane M, Alfaroukh I, Bucheton B, Camara M, Harris A, Kaba D, Lumbala C, Peka M, Rayaisse JB, Waiswa C, Solano P and Torr S (2016) Tsetse control and the elimination of Gambian sleeping sickness. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 10: e0004437.
Lienard E, Salem A, Grisez C, Prevot F, Bergeaud JP, Franc M, Gottstein B, Alzieu JP, Lagalisse Y and Jacquiet P (2011) A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France. Vet Parasitol 177: 20-27.
Lienard E, Salem A, Jacquiet P, Grisez C, Prevot F, Blanchard B, Bouhsira E and Franc M (2013) Development of a protocol testing the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit Besnoitia besnoiti (Henry, 1913) (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae). Parasitol Res 112: 479-486.
Lindh JM, Goswami P, Blackburn RS, Arnold SEJ, Vale GA, Lehane MJ and Torr SJ (2012) Optimizing the colour and fabric of targets for the control of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. Plos Neglect Trop Dis 6: e1661.
Liu SS, Li AY, Lohmeyer KH and De Leon AAP (2012) Effects of pyriproxyfen and buprofezin on immature development and reproduction in the stable fly. Med Vet Entomol 26: 379-385.
Lloyd JE (2002) Louse flies, keds, and related flies (Hippoboscoidea). In: Mullen G and Durden L (eds.) Medical and veterinary entomology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
Lohmeyer KH and Miller JA (2006) Pathogenicity of three formulations of entomopathogenic fungi for control of adult Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). J Econ Entomol 99: 1943-1947.
Lohmeyer KH and Pound JM (2012) Laboratory evaluation of novaluron as a development site treatment for controlling larval horn flies, house flies, and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 49: 647-651.
Lopez-Sanchez J, Cruz-Vazquez C, Lezama-Gutierrez R and Ramos-Parra M (2012) Effect of entomopathogenic fungi upon adults of Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Biocontrol Sci Techn 22: 969-973.
Lumaret JP and Errouissi F (2002) Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures. Vet Res 33: 547-562.
Lysyk TJ (1995) Temperature and population-density effects on feeding activity of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera, Muscidae) on cattle. J Med Entomol 32: 508-514.
Lysyk TJ, Kalischuk-Tymensen LD, Rochon K and Selinger LB (2010) Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against immature horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J Econ Entomol 103: 1019-1029.
Lysyk TJ, Kalischuk-Tymensen LD and Selinger LB (2012) Mortality of adult Stomoxys calcitrans fed isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. J Econ Entomol 105: 1863-1870.
Machtinger ET and Geden CJ (2018) Biological control with parasitoids. In: Garros C, Bouyer J, Takken W and Smallegange RC (eds.) Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry. Ecology and Control of Vector-borne diseases. Vol. 5. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 299-335.
Machtinger ET, Geden CJ and Leppla NC (2015) Linear dispersal of the filth fly parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and parasitism of hosts at increasing distances. PLoS ONE 10: e0129105.
Machtinger ET, Weeks ENI and Geden CJ (2016) Oviposition deterrence and immature survival of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) when exposed to commercial fungal products. J Insect Sci 16: 54.
Maciel W, Zanetti Lopes WD, Cruz B, Teixeira W, Felippelli G, Sakamoto CA, Favero FC, Buzzulini C, Soares V, Gomes LV, Bichuette M and Da Costa AJ (2015) Effects of Haematobia irritans infestation on weight gain of Nelore calves assessed with different antiparasitic treatment schemes. Prev Vet Med 118: 182-186.
Madsen M, Sorensen GH and Nielsen SA (1991) Studies on the possible role of cattle nuisance flies, especially Hydrotaea irritans in the transmission of summer mastitisin Denmark. Med Vet Entomol 5: 421-429.
Maia M, Clausen P-H, Mehlitz D, Garms R and Bauer B (2010) Protection of confined cattle against biting and nuisance flies (Muscidae: Diptera) with insecticide-treated nets in the Ghanaian forest zone at Kumasi. Parasitol Res 106: 1307-1313.
Maniania NK and Ekesi S (2013) The use of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of tsetse flies. J Invertebr Pathol 112: S83-S88.
Mann CM, Barnes S, Offer B and Wall R (2015) Lethal and sub-lethal effects of faecal deltamethrin residues on dung-feeding insects. Med Vet Entomol 29: 189-195.
Mason CA and Norval RAI (1981) The transfer of Boophilus microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae) from infested to uninfested cattle under field conditions. Vet Parasitol 8: 185-188.
Mays AR, Brown MA, Von Tunglen DL and Rosenkrans CF (2014) Milk production traits of beef cows as affected by horn fly count and sire breed type. J Anim Sci 92: 1208-1212.
McAlpine JE and Wood D (1989) Manual of neartic diptera. Vol. 3. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Canada. McKay T and Galloway TD (1999) Survey and release of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) attacking house and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in dairy. Can Entomol 131: 743-756.
McLintock J and Depner KR (1954) A review of the life-history and habits of the hornfly, Siphona irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Can Entomol 84: 20-33.
Mihok S, Carlson DA, Krafsur ES and Foil LD (2006) Performance of the Nzi and other traps for biting flies in North America. B Entomol Res 96: 387-397.
Mihok S, Carlson DA and Ndegwa PN (2007) Tsetse and other biting fly responses to Nzi traps baited with octenol, phenols and acetone. Med Vet Entomol 21: 70-84.
Mihok S and Lange K (2012) Synergism between ammonia and phenols for Hybomitra tabanids in northern and temperate Canada. Med Vet Entomol 26: 282-290.
Mihok S, Maramba O, Munyoki E and Kagoiya J (1995) Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma spp. by African stomoxyinae (Diptera, Muscidae). Trop Med Parasitol 46: 103-105.
Mihok S, Maramba O, Munyoki E and Saleh K (1996) Phenology of Stomoxyinae in a Kenyan forest. Med Vet Entomol 10: 305-316.
Mihok S, Olubayo RO and Wesonga DF (1991) Infection rates in Glossina morsitans morsitans fed on waterbuck and Boran cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Acta Trop 49: 185-191.
Mishra S, Kumar P, Malik A and Satya S (2011) Adulticidal and larvicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays. Parasitol Res 108: 1483-1492.
Mochi DA, Monteiro AC, Ribeiro Machado AC and Yoshida L (2010) Entomopathogenic fungal activity against pupae and adult Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Vet Parasitol 168: 105-110.
Mochi DA, Monteiro AC, Simi LD and Moraes Sampaio AA (2009) Susceptibility of adult and larval stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae under field conditions. Vet Parasitol 166: 136-143.
Moon RD (2002) Muscid Flies (Muscidae). In: Mullen G and Durden L (eds.) Medical and veterinary entomology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 279-301.
Mullens BA, Lii KS, Mao Y, Meyer JA, Peterson NG and Szijj CE (2006) Behavioural responses of dairy cattle to the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in an open field environment. Med Vet Entomol 20: 122-137.
Muzari MO, Skerratt LF, Jones RE and Duran TL (2010) Alighting and feeding behaviour of tabanid flies on horses, kangaroos and pigs. Vet Parasitol 170: 104-111.
Müller GC, Junnila A, Qualls W, Revay EE, Kline DL, Allan S, Schlein Y and Xue RD (2010) Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in a storm drain system in Florida using attractive toxic sugar baits. Med Vet Entomol 24: 346-351.
Nachman G and Skovgård H (2018) The Fly Simulator: a simulation model of stable flies and their control. In: Garros C, Bouyer J, Takken W and Smallegange RC (eds.) Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry. Ecology and Control of Vector-borne diseases. Vol. 5. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 465-494.
Nazni WA, Luke H, Wan Rozita WM, Abdullah AG, Sa’diyah I, Azahari AH, Zamree I, Tan SB, Lee HL and Sofian MA (2005) Determination of the flight range and dispersal of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.) using mark release recapture technique. Trop Biomed 22: 53-61.
Ndeledje N, Bouyer J, Stachurski F, Grimaud P, Belem AMG, Mbaindingatoloum FM, Bengaly Z, Alfaroukh IO, Cecchi G and Lancelot R (2013) Treating cattle to protect people? Impact of footbath insecticide treatment on tsetse density in chad. PLoS ONE 8: e67580.
Nevill EM (1985) The epidemiology of Parafilaria bovicola in the transvaal bushveld of South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 52: 261-267.
Ogutu JO, Owen-Smith N, Piepho HP and Said MY (2011) Continuing wildlife population declines and range contraction in the Mara region of Kenya during 1977-2009. J Zool 285: 99-109.
Oliveira JB, Montoya J, Romero JJ, Urbina A, Soto-Barrientos N, Melo ESP, Ramos CAN and Araujo FR (2011) Epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from Costa Rica. Vet Parasitol 177: 359-365.
Osir EO and Vundla WRM (1999) Characterization of the delta-endotoxin of a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate active against tsetse, Glossina morsitans, and a Stem Borer, Chilo partellus. Biocontrol Sci Techn 9: 247-258.
Oyarzún MP, Quiroz A and Birkett MA (2008) Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies. Med Vet Entomol 22: 188-202.
Oyarzún MP, Palma R, Alberti E, Hormazabal E, Pardo F, Birkett MA and Quiroz A (2009) Olfactory response of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) to cattle-derived volatile compounds. J Med Entomol 46: 1320-1326.
Paakkonen T, Mustonen AM, Roininen H, Niemela P, Ruusila V and Nieminen P (2010) Parasitism of the deer ked, Lipoptena cervi, on the moose, Alces alces, in eastern Finland. Med Vet Entomol 24: 411-417.
Patton WS and Senior-White R (1924) The oriental species of the genus Musca Linnaeus. Rec Indian Museum 26: 553-577.
Peck GW, Ferguson HJ, LePage JT, Hebert VR, O’Neal SD and Walsh DB (2014) Evaluation of sunlight-exposed pyrethroid-treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (Diptera: Muscidae). Pest Manag Sci 70: 123-129.
Petersen JJ, Watson DW and Cawthra JK (1995) Comparative effectiveness of 3 release rates for a pteromalid parasitoid (Hymenoptera) of house flies (Diptera) in beef cattle feedlots. Biol Control 5: 561-565.
Pitzer JB, Kaufman PE and Tenbroeck SH (2010) Assessing permethrin resistance in the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida by using laboratory selections and field evaluations. J Econ Entomol 103: 2258-2263.
Potgieter FT, Sutherland B and Biggs HC (1981) Attempts to transmit Anaplasma marginale with Hippobosca rufipes and Stomoxys calcitrans. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 48: 119-122.
Rahman AHA (2005) Observations on the trypanosomosis problem outside the tsetse belts of Sudan. Rev Sci Tech OIE 24: 965-972.
Raymond HL (1989) Temporal distribution of the main horse fly species (Diptera, Tabanidae) harmful to cattle in French Guyana. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 25: 289-294.
Richard JL and Pier AC (1966) Transmission of Dermatophilus congolensis by Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica. Am J Vet Res 27: 419-423.
Roberts LW and Wilson BH (1967) Predation on horse flies by two bembicine wasp species in certain areas of southern Louisiana. J Econ Entomol 60: 412-415.
Russel RC, Otranto DP and Wall RL (2013) The encyclopedia of medical and veterinary entomology. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Ryman VE, Nickerson SC, Hurley DJ, Berghaus RD and Kautz FM (2013) Influence of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) on teat skin condition, intramammary infection, and serum anti-S. aureus antibody titres in Holstein heifers. Res Vet Sci 95: 343-346.
Salem A, Bouhsira E, Lienard E, Melou AB, Jacquiet P and Franc M (2012) Susceptibility of two European strains of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin and phoxim. Int J Appl Res Vet M 10: 249-257.
Scasta JD, Engle DM, Talley JL, Weir JR, Fuhlendorf SD and Debinski DM (2015) Drought influences control of parasitic flies of cattle on pastures managed with patch-burn grazing. Rangeland Ecol Manag 68: 290-297.
Scasta JD, Engle DM, Talley JL, Weir JR, Stansberry JC, Fuhlendorf SD and Harr RN (2012) Pyric-herbivory to manage horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on cattle. Southwest Entomol 37: 325-334.
Sciarretta A, Tikubet G, Baumgartner J, Girma M and Trematerra P (2010) Spatial clustering and associations of two savannah tsetse species, Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae), for guiding interventions in an adaptive cattle health management framework. B Entomol Res 100: 661-670.
Scoles GA, Broce AB, Lysyk TJ and Palmer GH (2005) Relative efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) compared with mechanical transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 42: 668-675.
Scoles GA, Miller JA and Foil LD (2008) Comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni stiles (Acari: Ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, Tabanus fuscicostatus hine (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 45: 109-114.
Singh P, King WE and Rodriguez JG (1966) Biological control of muscids as influenced by host preference of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae). J Med Entomol 3: 78-81.
Skovgård H and Nachman G (2004) Biological control of house flies Musca domestica and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) by means of inundative releases of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). B Entomol Res 94: 555-567.
Skovgård H and Steenberg T (2002) Activity of pupal parasitoids of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans and prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi in the stable fly and the house fly Musca domestica in Denmark. Biocontrol 47: 45-60.
Smallegange RC and Den Otter CJ (2007) Houseflies, annoying and dangerous. In: Takken W and Knols BGJ (eds.) Emerging pests and vector-borne diseases in Europe. Ecology and Control of Vector-borne diseases. Vol 1. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 281-292.
Soumana IH, Simo G, Njiokou F, Tchicaya B, Abd-Alla AMM, Cuny G and Geiger A (2013) The bacterial flora of tsetse fly midgut and its effect on trypanosome transmission. J Invertebr Pathol 112: S89-S93.
Stoffolano JG (1970) Nematodes associated with the genus Musca (Diptera: Muscidae). B Entomol Soc Am 16: 194-203.
Sukontason KL, Bunchu N, Methanitikorn R, Chaiwong T, Kuntalue B and Sukontason K (2006) Ultrastructure of adhesive device in fly in families calliphoridae, muscidae and sarcophagidae, and their implication as mechanical carriers of pathogens. Parasitol Res 98: 477-481.
Summerlin JW, Roth JP and Fincher GT (1991) Predation by 2 species of histerid beetles on the horn fly. Southwest Entomol 16: 45-49.
Tan SW, Yap KL and Lee HL (1997) Mechanical transport of rotavirus by the legs and wings of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 34: 527-531.
Tangtrakulwanich K, Albuquerque TA, Brewer GJ, Baxendale FP, Zurek L, Miller DN, Taylor DB, Friesen KA and Zhu JJ (2015) Behavioural responses of stable flies to cattle manure slurry associated odourants. Med Vet Entomol 29: 82-87.
Taylor DB and Berkebile D (2006) Comparative efficiency of six stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) traps. J Econ Entomol 99: 1415-1419.
Taylor DB, Moon RD and Mark DR (2012) Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production. J Med Entomol 49: 198-209.
Thomas G and Jespersen JB (1994) Non-biting Muscidae and control methods. Rev Sci Tech OIE 13: 1159-1173.
Torr SJ, Chamisa A, Vale GA, Lehane MJ and Lindh JM (2011a) Responses of tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina pallidipes, to baits of various size. Med Vet Entomol 25: 365-369.
Torr SJ, Mangwiro TNC and Hall DR (2011b) Shoo fly, don’t bother me! Efficacy of traditional methods of protecting cattle from tsetse. Med Vet Entomol 25: 192-201.
Torr SJ, Maudlin I and Vale GA (2007) Less is more: restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control. Med Vet Entomol 21: 53-64.
Turell MJ and Knudson GB (1987) Mechanical transmission of Bacillus anthracis by stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes taeniorhynchus). Infect Immun 55: 1859-1861.
Vale GA, Hargrove JW, Chamisa A, Grant IF and Torr SJ (2015) Pyrethroid treatment of cattle for tsetse control: reducing its impact on dung fauna. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 9: e0003560.
Vale GA, Lovemore DF, Flint S and Cockbill GF (1988) Odor-baited targets to control tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera, Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe. B Entomol Res 78: 31-49.
Van den Bossche P, De la Rocque S, Hendrickx G and Bouyer J (2010) A changing environment and the epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted livestock trypanosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 26: 236-243.
Van Hennekeler K, Jones RE, Skerratt LF, Muzari MO and Fitzpatrick LA (2011) Meteorological effects on the daily activity patterns of tabanid biting flies in northern Queensland, Australia. Med Vet Entomol 25: 17-24.
Villa A, Gutierrez C, Gracia E, Moreno B, Chacon G, Sanz PV, Buescher P and Touratier L (2008) Presence of Trypanosoma theileri in Spanish cattle. Animal biodiversity and emerging diseases: prediction and prevention. Ann NY Acad Sci 1149: 352-354.
Vitela-Mendoza I, Cruz-Vazquez C, Solano-Vergara J and Orihuela-Trujillo A (2016) Relationship between serum cortisol concentration and defensive behavioral responses of dairy cows exposed to natural infestation by stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. J Dairy Sci 99: 9912-9916.
Vockeroth JR (1953) Musca autumnalis Deg. in North America (Diptera: Muscidae). Can Entomol 85: 422-433.
Vreysen MJB, Seck MT, Sall B and Bouyer J (2013) Tsetse flies: their biology and control using area-wide integrated pest management approaches. J Invertebr Pathol 112: 15-25.
Vriesekoop F and Shaw R (2010) The Australian bush fly (Musca vetustissima) as a potential vector in the transmission of foodborne pathogens at outdoor eateries. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7: 275-279.
Walker A (1994) Arthropods of humans and domestic animals: a guide to preliminary identification. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
Watson DW, Geden CJ, Long SJ and Rutz DA (1995) Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for controlling the house fly and stable fly (Diptera, Muscidae). Biol Control 5: 405-411.
Weeks ENI, Machtinger ET, Leemon D and Geden CJ (2018) Biological control of livestock pests: entomopathogens. In: Garros C, Bouyer J, Takken W and Smallegange RC (eds.) Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry. Ecology and Control of Vector-borne diseases. Vol. 5. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 337-387.
Weeks ENI, Machtinger ET, Gezan SA, Kaufman PE and Geden CJ (2016) Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans). Med Vet Entomol 31(1): 15-22.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2013) Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Yeruham I, Nir O, Braverman Y, Davidson M, Grinstein H, Haymovitch M and Zamir O (1995) Spread of lumpy skin disease in Israeli dairy herds. Vet Rec 137: 91-93.
Zhu JJ, Berkebile DR, Dunlap CA, Zhang A, Boxler D, Tangtrakulwanich K, Behle RW, Baxendale F and Brewer G (2012) Nepetalactones from essential oil of Nepeta cataria represent a stable fly feeding and oviposition repellent. Med Vet Entomol 26: 131-138.
Zhu JJ, Wienhold BJ, Wehrle J, Davis D, Chen H, Taylor D, Friesen K and Zurek L (2014) Efficacy and longevity of newly developed catnip oil microcapsules against stable fly oviposition and larval growth. Med Vet Entomol 28: 222-227.
Zhu JJ, Zhang QH, Taylor DB and Friesen KA (2015) Visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping. Pest Manag Sci 72(9): 1765-1771.
Zumpt F (1973) The Stomoxyine biting flies of the world. Diptera: Muscidae. Taxonomy, biology economic importance and control measures. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.

引用信息

Save
Cite
Email this content

Share Link

Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email this content
or copy the link directly:

https://brill.edhh.ma/edcollchap-oa/book/9789086868636/BP000005.xml
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.

Link copied successfully

折叠
展开
回到页面顶端

Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

丛编： Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases, 卷： 5

ISBN:: 9789086868636

出版社:: Wageningen Academic

印刷出版日期:: 15 Aug 2018

Subjects
- Life Sciences

统计数据

	全部期间	过去一年	过去30天
摘要浏览次数	21	0	0
全文浏览次数	719	395	46
PDF下载次数	476	281	35

African Studies	Education	Media Studies
American Studies	History	Middle East and Islamic Studies
Ancient Near East and Egypt	Human Rights and Humanitarian Law	Musicology
Art History	International Law	Philosophy
Asian Studies	International Relations	Religious Studies
Biblical Studies	Jewish Studies	Slavic and Eurasian Studies
Biology	Languages and Linguistics	Social Sciences
Book History and Cartography	Life Sciences	Theology and World Christianity
Classical Studies	Literature and Cultural Studies

Subjects

AppBar-Authors 2025

AppBar-Open Access 2025

AppBar-Product Information 2025

AppBar-Company 2025

AppBar-Contact 2025

3. Veterinary importance and integrated management of Brachycera flies in dairy farms

引用信息

Share Link

Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry

目录

统计数据

统计数据