Relevant diseases in potato production

Frank Niepold

Relevant diseases in potato production

In: Potato developments in a changing Europe

Author:

Frank Niepold

Frank Niepold Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 105–113

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086865826_013

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Symptoms of major virus, bacterial and fungal diseases infecting potatoes are demonstrated. From the group of potato viruses potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) are presented. The PVY strain ntn causes severe necrotic symptoms on tubers, PLRV infects the whole plant. Both viruses are transmitted by aphids. The soft rot disease of the tubers and black leg is caused by the bacterium Erwinia carotovora. The quarantine disease caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum can be detected during early infection by a loss of turgor and by wilting of the whole plant at a late stage, since the bacterium is a vascular pathogen. There are many ways of spread of this bacterium that poses a permanent threat of infection. Another potato quarantine bacterium is Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of the potato ring rot disease. This bacterium grows optimal at low temperatures and it spreads via xylem throughout all parts of the plant including daughter tubers. Potato wart caused by Synchytrium endobioticum is a quarantine disease as well The quarantine status of Synchytrium endobioticum is due to the so-called winter sori which survive and remain infective in the soil for 20 years or more. No appropriate chemical treatments are available, only breeding for resistance. The dry rot disease is caused by the fungus Fusarium infecting mainly stored tubers. The fungus which causes the most severe damage on potatoes worldwide is Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. There are two mating types, increasing the genetic variability and the survival (oospores) of this fungus until the next growing season. Tubers are also infected and are a latent reservoir for further infections during the next growing season. Early blight is caused by Alternaria species and the symptoms are characteristical brown spots with concentric rings on the leaves. Rhizoctonia solani is the causal agent of black scurf. Predominant black sclerotia are found on the skin of infected tubers. Rhizoctonia solani can overwinter in the soil and therefore can only be partly controlled by chemically dressing seed tubers. To prevent a further spread of the disease in storage, a fast drying and cooling of the tubers is recommended. Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) lately has become an increasing problem during storage.

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Potato developments in a changing Europe

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086865826

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 30 Oct 2006

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Agriculture & Environment

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Relevant diseases in potato production

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Potato developments in a changing Europe

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