2.1 Data Sources Used for Chapter 4
Rates of return data are sourced from BEA’s interactive data platforms, including NIPA, Asset/Wealth tables, industry tables, and regional accounts (accessed September 9–23, 2020).
BEA. National Data, GDP & Personal Income. https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=2#reqid=19&step=2&isuri=1&1921=survey;
BEA. National Data, Fixed Assets. https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=10&step=2;
BEA. Industry Data, GDP-by-Industry. https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=51&step=1;
And https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=147&step=2&isuri=1;
BEA. Regional Data, GDP & Personal Income https://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1
Definitions:
Gross value added: GDP minus taxes on production and imports less subsidies
Gross operating surplus (gross profit): Gross value added minus compensation of employees
Net operating surplus (net profit): Gross operating surplus minus depreciation (of fixed assets)
National income: GDP minus depreciation (Consumption of fixed capital)
Gross investment: Investment in private fixed assets (historical or current cost)
Kliman’s property income: GVA minus depreciation of private fixed assets (historical cost) minus compensation of employees
Kliman’s rate of profit: Property income (or net operating surplus) divided by net stock of fixed private capital (historical cost)
Roberts’ rate of profit: National income less compensation of employees divided by (net stock of private nonresidential fixed assets divided by compensation of employees plus 1)
Shaikh’s rate of profit: Net operating surplus divided by net stock of capital
Shaikh’s incremental rate of profit: The change in gross profit divided by lagged nominal gross investment (the previous year)
NIPA Tables:
Table 1.10. Gross Domestic Income by Type of Income
Table 1.12. National Income by Type of Income
Table 1.17.5. Gross Domestic Product, Gross Domestic Income, and Other Major NIPA Aggregates
Table 1.3.5. Gross Value Added by Sector
Table 5.4.3. Real Private Fixed Investment in Structures by Type, Quantity Indexes
Table 5.4.5. Private Fixed Investment in Structures by Type
Table 6.2 A, B, C, D. Compensation of Employees by Industry
Table 6.17A. Corporate Profits Before Tax by Industry
Table 7.5. Consumption of Fixed Capital by Legal Form of Organization and Type of Income
Asset/Wealth Tables:
Table 1.3. Current-Cost Depreciation of Fixed Assets and Consumer Durable Goods
Table 3.1ESI. Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 3.3ESI. Historical-Cost Net Stock of Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 3.4ESI. Current-Cost Depreciation of Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 3.6ESI. Historical-Cost Depreciation of Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 3.7ESI. Investment in Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 3.8ESI. Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Investment in Private Fixed Assets by Industry
Table 4.1. Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets by Industry Group and Legal Form of Organization
Table 4.3. Historical-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets by Industry Group and Legal Form of Organization
Table 6.1. Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Fixed Assets by Industry Group and Legal Form of Organization
Table 6.3. Historical-Cost Net Stock of Private Fixed Assets by Industry Group and Legal Form of Organization
Table 6.6. Historical-Cost Depreciation of Private Fixed Assets by Industry Group and Legal Form of Organization
Regional Tables:
SAGDP3S Taxes on Production and Imports less Subsidies (National and regional; Total and Sectoral)
SAGDP7S Gross Operating Surplus (for regional and national GOS, total and sectoral)
CAINC30 Economic Profile
Industrial tables (GDP-by-Industry):
Value Added industry
Components of Value Added by Industry
Figures:
Corporate profits before tax by industry (Figure 2): Table 6.17A, lines 1, 12, 13, 53
Sectoral fixed investment in structures (Figures 3 and 4): Tables 5.4.5 lines 14, 35; 5.4.3 lines 14, 35
Kliman-inspired corporate profits (Figure 5): Tables 1.3.5 lines 1, 4, and 8; 6.3 line 2; 6.6 line 2
Kliman-inspired aggregate private profit rates (Figure 6): Tables 1.3.5 lines 1, 5; 1.10 line 10; 6.3 line 1; 6.6 line 1; 6.2 line 3
Kliman-inspired sectoral profit rates (Figure 7): Tables 3.3 ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; 3.6ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; 6.2 lines 12, 13, 52; SAGDP3S lines 10, 11, 49, 55; value added by industry lines 11, 12, 54
Roberts-inspired total rate of profit (Figure 8): Tables 1.17.5 line 1; 4.3 line 1; 7.5 line 1; 1.12 lines 1, 2; 4.1 line 1
Roberts-inspired sectoral profit rates (Figure 9): Tables 6.2 lines 12, 13, 52; value added by industry lines 11, 12, 54; 3.4ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; 3.1 ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55
Shaikh-inspired aggregate rate of profit (Figure 10): Tables 6.1 line 16; 1.10 line 9
Shaikh-inspired private sector rate of profit (Figure 11): Tables 6.1 line 1; 1.10 lines 10, 21
Shaikh-inspired corporate rate of profit (Figure 4.12): Tables 6.1 line 2; 1.3.5 line 8
Shaikh-inspired sectoral profit rates (Figures 13 and 14): Tables 6.2 lines 12, 13, 52; 3.4ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; 3.1 ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; SAGDP3S lines 10, 11, 49, 55; SAGDP7S lines 11, 12, 49
Shaikh-inspired incremental sectoral profit rates (Figures 15–17): Tables 3.8ESI and 3.7ESI lines 10, 11, 12, 17, 20, 24, 30, 49, 55; SAGDP7S lines 11, 12, 19, 21, 25, 33, 49, 55; also, Tables 3.7ESI lines 10, 11, 49, 55; SAGDP7S lines 11, 12, 49, 55
Baltimore metropolitan area income (Figure 18): Table CAINC30, Lines 90, 230
The organic composition of capital (Figure 19): Tables 3.1 ESI lines 10, 11; 6.2 lines 12, 13
Construction investment data is taken from the United States Census Bureau Construction Spending accounts. https://www.census.gov/construction/c30/oldtc.html (accessed September 28, 2020)
Figure 20–23: Value of Construction Put in Place Statistics; Table 1 Annual Value of Construction Put in Place in the United States Current Dollars
2.2 Data Sources Used for Chapters 5 and 6
Data are from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and the OECD. Stats interactive tables, and The Conference Board Tables (CBT).
https://scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/national-accounts/
https://stats.oecd.org/# (accessed October 26, 27, 29, 2020)
https://www.conference-board.org/ilcprogram/productivityandulc (accessed November 5, 2020)
Malmö’s data is taken from the municipality’s economic and population database:
https://malmo.se/Fakta-och-statistik/Statistik-for-Malmos-omraden.html (accessed February 5, 2024)
For Maps: Boverket’s interactive Segregationsbarometern:
https://segregationsbarometern.boverket.se/ (accessed 27 May 2024)
Definitions:
Gross value added: GDP minus taxes on production and imports less subsidies
Gross operating surplus (gross profit): Gross value added minus compensation of employees
Net operating surplus (net profit): Gross operating surplus minus depreciation (of fixed assets)
National income: GDP minus depreciation (Consumption of fixed capital)
Gross investment: Investment in private fixed assets, i.e., gross fixed capital formation
Net Capital Stock: Net fixed assets
Shaikh’s rate of profit: Net operating surplus divided by net stock of capital
Shaikh’s incremental rate of profit: The change in gross profit divided by lagged nominal gross investment (the previous year)
Kliman’s rate of profit: Property income (or net operating surplus) divided by net stock of fixed private capital (historical cost)
Roberts’ rate of profit: National income less compensation of employees divided by (net stock of private nonresidential fixed assets divided by compensation of employees plus 1)
SCB Tables:
National Accounts:
GDP: production approach (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2 and year, lines C10–C33 Manufacturing, F41–F43 Construction, J61 Telecommunication, K64–K66 Financial Services and Insurance Activities, L68 Real Estate Activities
Bruttoinvesteringar (SNA68), löpande priser, mkr efter näringsgren SNI69 och kvartal [Gross Investment by Industry] lines, 2000 Extractive, 3000 Manufacturing, 5000 Construction, 7000 Communication, 8000 Finance
Value-added, detail components (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2, transaction item and year (Net Operating Surplus, Consumption of Fixed Capital), lines C13–C15 (Manufacturing), F41–F43 (Construction), J61 (Telecommunications), K64–K66 (Financial Services and Insurance Activities)
Labor costs (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2, observations and year, Compensation of Employees, lines C10–C33 Manufacturing, F41–F43 Construction, A01–T98 Market producers and producers for own final use total
Labour productivity by industrial classification (ESA2010) SNI 2007, seasonally adjusted. Quarter 1993K1–2020K2
Multifactor productivity (MFP). Yearly growth in percent units by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2, Yearly growth rates for the base variables and year, line A01–T98 Market producers and producers for own final use total
Fixed capital formation (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2, type of asset and year, lines 1.1.1 Dwellings, 1.1.1.1 Dwellings, new constructions, 1.1.1.2 Dwellings, reconstructions, 1.1.2 Other buildings and structures
Wealth Accounts:
Balance sheets (ESA2010), end of year, net, current prices in SEK million by sector, type of asset, and year (lines S1 Total Economy, S11 Non-Financial Corporations, S12 Financial Corporations)
Stocks of fixed assets, net, January 1st each year (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by industrial classification NACE Rev. 2, type of asset, and year lines, 0002 Total Economy, C10–C33 Manufacturing, F41–F43 Construction, J58–J63 Information and Communication, K64–K66 Financial Services and Insurance Activities, L68–N82 Real Estate, Renting, and Business Services
Lines S1, S11, S12: AN11M, AN11K; AN21, AN211, AN2111, AN2112
For Fixed Assets (Net): S1, S11, S12; AN11
Sector Accounts:
Institutional non-financial sector accounts (ESA2010), current prices, SEK million by sector, transaction item and year (S1, S11, S12), Lines 0.P5g Gross Capital Formation, II.1.1.B2g Gross Operating Surplus, II.1.1B2n Net Operating Surplus, III. 1.2.P51c Consumption of Fixed Capital, III.1.2.P51g Gross Fixed Capital Formation, II.1.1.D1 Compensation of Employees
Housing, Construction, and Building Tables:
Building permits for new construction, number by region, type of building, and quarter (Lines 010, 020, 030, 060)
Completed dwellings in newly constructed buildings by region, type of building, and year
OECD Tables:
14A. Non-financial accounts by sectors
6A. Value Added and its components by activity, ISIC rev4, 2019 archive (constant and current prices):
Net Operating Surplus by industry: lines, VTOT Total Activity, VC Manufacturing, VF Construction, VJ Information and Communication, VK Financial and Insurance Activities, VL Real Estate Activities
Gross Operating Surplus by Industry: lines VTOT, VC, V10–12, V13–15, V16–18, V19, V22–23, V24–25, V26, V27, V28, 29–30, V31033, VF, VJ, VK, VL
Gross Fixed Capital Formation: lines VTOT, VC, V10–12, V13–15, V16–18, V19, V22–23, V24–25, V26, V27, V28, 29–30, V31033, VF, VJ, VK, VL
6A. Value Added and its components by activity, ISIC rev4 (constant and current prices)
9A. Fixed assets by activity and by asset, ISIC rev4 (constant and current prices)
The Conference Board Tables:
International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity and Unit Labor Cost, Table 1: Manufacturing Sector Indexes
Malmö Statistical Tables:
Household Size (Table 3), Ethnic Background (Tables 5 and 6), Education (Table 7), Day-Time Population (Tables 9 and 10), Night-Time Population (Tables 11 and 12), Employment (Tables 13 and 14), Income (Tables 18, 19, 22, and 23), Capital Gains (Tables 20 and 21), Dwelling Type (Table 26)
2.3 Data Sources Used for Chapters 7 and 8
The data are sourced from the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) and the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) online databases.
Central Bank of Iran:
Economic Time Series Database: https://tsd.cbi.ir/ (accessed November 13, 2020)
National Accounts: https://www.cbi.ir/simplelist/5796.aspx; (accessed November 12, 2020)
Statistical Center of Iran:
Input-Output Tables: https://amar.org.ir/
Definitions:
Gross value added: GDP minus taxes on production and imports less subsidies
Gross operating surplus (gross profit): Gross value added minus compensation of employees
Net operating surplus (net profit): Gross operating surplus minus depreciation (consumption of fixed capital)
Gross investment: Investment in private fixed assets, i.e., gross fixed capital formation
Shaikh’s rate of profit: Net operating surplus divided by net capital stock at current costs
Shaikh’s incremental rate of profit: The change in gross profit divided by lagged nominal gross investment (the previous year)
Tables:
Central Bank of Iran Tables:
From National Accounts Tables:
National Product—At Current Prices:
Table 1. Gross National Product (Income) by Activities—Billion Rials
Table 15. Value Added of Manufacture Industries at Basic Prices—Billion Rials
Table 21. Value Added of Construction at Basic Prices—Billion Rials
Table 39. Value Added of Real Estate & Professional Services at Basic Prices— Billion Rials
National Expenditure—At Constant 2004/05 Prices:
Table 13. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Machinery and Construction— Billion Rials
Table 14. Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Private and Public Sectors—Billion Rials
Table 15. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Machinery and Equipment by Activities—Billion Rials
National Expenditure—At current prices:
Table 15. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Machinery and Equipment by Activities—Billion Rials
Table 17. Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Activities—Billion Rials
Table 18. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Machinery by Activities from Domestic Production—Billion Rials
Table 20. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Construction in Urban and Rural Areas by the Private Sector—Billion Rials
National Accounts Tables, by Sector, Current and Basic (2010 = 100) Prices (in Persian):
Table 1: Value Added by Economic Groups, Current Prices—Billion Rials
Table 17. Value Added and Operating Surplus, Whole Economy, at Current Prices—Billion Rials
Table 22. Value Added and Operating Surplus, Manufacturing, at Current Prices—Billion Rials
Table 24. Value Added and Operating Surplus, Construction, at Current Prices—Billion Rials
From Economic Time Series Database:
Net Capital Stock Tables:
Table 1 Net Capital Stock 1974–2014
Construction and Housing Sector Tables:
Private Sector Investment in New Buildings in Urban Areas / Investment by Urban Areas
Residential Units Completed by the Private Sector in Urban Areas
Construction Permits Issued by Municipalities in Urban Areas
Construction Permits Issued by Municipalities in Urban Areas
Statistical Center of Iran:
Input-Output Tables:
For net operating surplus, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, gross fixed capital formation (by industry)
Table 1: [
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