Index of Places, Names, and Subjects
Rulers (emperors, kings; caliphs, emirs) and their relatives have been formatted in small caps; both they and the antique authors appear under the names with which they are commonly referred to in Anglo-American bibliography. Other Roman personal names are sorted by gentilicia.
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān
371
ʿAbd al-ʿAziz b. Mūsā b. Nuṣayr
7–8, 318–319, 358, 371–372
ʿAbdallāh
479
ʿAbdallāh I (Aghlabid emir)
480
ʿAbdallāh I (Umayyad emir)
242
ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr
362
ʿAbdallāh b. Saʿd b. Abī al-Sarḥ
360, 448
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I
9, 408, 410
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II
9
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III
235, 242–244, 248, 254
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥabīb
468
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Shanjūl (chamberlain)
254–255
Abassids (dynasty)
9, 39, 455
Abū al-Aḥwaṣ Maʿn b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Tujībī (governor)
259–260
Abū al-ʿArab
449
Abū al-Muhājir Dīnār
358
Abū Rashīd Hanāsh b. ʿAbdallāh al-Ṣanʿānī
366
Abū Ṣāliḥ
366
Acci
312, 318
Achaemenids
494–495
Achila II
295, 313–314, 317, 319
aemulatio imperii
401
Aesculapius
183
Afāriqa
451, 454
Africa Proconsularis
4, 29, 37, 64, 66, 74, 76, 171, 175, 188–189, 192, 214–215, 356–357, 364, 368, 424, 434, 440, 461
al-Aghlab b. Sālim al-Tamīmī
477
Aghlabids (dynasty)
461, 467–484
ʿahd
467, 469–470, 474, 476–477
Alaric II
2, 89, 211
Albelda’s chronicle
403
Alexander the Great
494
Alexandria/Alexandria
143, 456
Alfonso IV of León
238
Alfonso V of León
237, 254, 261–262
Altava
14, 28, 36, 360
Amaia
14, 299–301
Amalaric
108
Amber Palace
485–486
ʿĀmirids
235, 237, 244, 249, 252–263
amphora
270, 275, 277–278, 280–285, 406, 410
ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ (governor)
358, 448
al-Andalus
9, 235–266, 358, 366, 400–422, 450, 468, 478
Andelo
379, 383, 392–393
anno Karthaginis
207–208
annona
285, 337
Ansúrez family (Banū Anshūr)
237–238, 245, 247, 252, 256
Anti-Judaism
97
Antioch
61
Antiochus I
493
Aphrodisias
62, 72
Aquae Flaviae/Chaves
331
Arab/Muslim conquest
7–8, 175, 308, 312, 318–319, 359, 400–401, 406–407, 414, 448–466
Arabization
9, 370, 452, 461
Aragon
378–379, 394
Arianism/Arians/Arian Church
2, 5–6, 143–144, 149–150, 154, 156, 173, 189–192, 207, 213
Ariminians/Ariminian Church
142–165
Ariminum/Rimini
143, 149
aristocratic consensus
118–138
Asan (monastery)
213, 332
Ibn al-Ashʿath
455–456
Ashoka
496
Asia Minor
59, 71, 73, 501
Asturia
213
Athanasius of Alexandria
143
Atlas (mountains)
427, 500
Augusta Emerita/Mérida
14, 25, 28, 32, 36, 91, 103, 152–155, 159, 292, 296, 298, 302–303, 308–309, 313, 318, 332, 338, 402
Augustine of Hippo (bishop)
4, 394
Augustus/Octavian
491, 493, 500
Aula Regia
98
Aurariola
307–308
Aurelius of Carthage (bishop)
167, 170–171
Aurès (mountains)
356–357, 360, 366, 452, 461
Ausonius
61
Austrigona
302, 313
Avitus of Vienne
146–147
Baddo (queen)
156
Baetica
16, 28–29, 207, 215, 227, 270, 277, 280–285, 292, 295, 298–299, 302, 307–308, 311–312, 314, 318, 441
Baghdad
32
al-Balādhurī
469, 476–477, 479
Balearic Islands
14–15, 28–29, 32, 36–37, 64, 356
Banū Zannūn/Banū Dhī l-Nūn (dynasty)
408
Baquates
427–428, 432–433, 435
barbarian invasions
1, 18, 329, 331
Barcinona/Barcelona
151, 296, 298–299, 312, 317, 402
Barghawāṭa
468
Barqa
362, 367
Basilica of Rutilus
173–174
Bay of Cádiz
282–283
Bayt al-māl
476
Belisarius (commander)
32, 69, 436
benefaction
66, 144–146
Bengal
486
Berbers
253–254, 357, 360, 365–366, 369, 372, 407–408, 413, 415, 417, 448–455, 468, 479
blasphemy
106, 148, 337
Bracara/Braga
250, 14, 28, 36, 292, 296, 298, 305, 311, 313
Brānis
452
Braulio of Zaragoza (bishop)
97, 98, 131–135
Britannia
276
Bulla Regia/Ḥammām al-Darrājī
15, 37
Burdigala/Bordeaux
211, 311
Burgundians
146
Byzacena
4, 29, 33, 37, 64–66, 74, 76–77, 171, 175, 186, 210, 356–358, 364, 368, 429, 437, 441, 448–449
Byzantine Empire
2, 7, 24, 30, 32, 146, 186, 202, 207, 213–215, 219–220, 224–225, 241, 244, 277–279, 285, 291, 299, 302, 307–308, 356–357, 359–360, 364–366, 368–370, 401, 410, 423–427, 429–441, 448–449, 451–453, 458–460
Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul
6, 32, 72–73, 150, 501
Cabeza Ladrero
379, 385, 391–393
Caelestis, cult of
166–167, 170–171, 175
Iulius Caesar
200, 497
Caesaraugusta/Zaragoza
1, 9, 14, 28, 36, 134, 159, 380, 383–385, 387, 389–390
Calagorre/Calahorra
242, 244, 307
calendar
203, 213, 216, 246, 459
Cantabria/Cantabrians
3, 301–302, 308, 313, 316–317, 390
Cappadocia
61, 494
Capua/Capua
65, 74, 78
Caracalla
60, 383
Carinus
383
Carpetania
401, 403
Carrión (river)
239, 257
Carthaginiensis
8, 28, 32, 96, 292, 295, 298–299, 301, 307, 312, 401
Carthago/Carthage
4–7, 15, 29, 37, 61, 64–72, 74, 76–78, 166, 170, 175, 181, 190–192, 207, 211–212, 276–277, 285, 356–357, 359, 364, 368–369, 372, 429, 462
Carthago Nova/Carthago Spartaria/Cartagena
2, 14, 28, 30, 215, 279, 292
Carus
383
castellum
274, 336–338
Castile
18, 236, 238–240, 245, 247, 252–256, 261–262
Castilona
296, 298, 307–308
castrum
337
Catalonia
303, 311
Catholic Church/Catholicism
3, 5–6, 18, 144, 147–150, 154, 157–158, 207, 214, 302, 496
Cauria/Coria
14, 36, 155
cella
166–199
Celsus
131, 134
Celtiberia
401, 403–404, 407
Ceramic record
185–186, 278–279, 381, 394–395, 406, 411–412, 414
Cervera, battle of
260
cetariae
270–279, 282, 285
Chindaswinth
3, 103, 105–108, 119–136, 138, 293–295, 299, 305–306, 309–310, 312–313, 315, 317
Chintila
97, 119–120, 129, 307–308, 312
Chott el Hodna
356–357
Chronici canones (Eusebius)
223
Chronicle of Fredegar
120–126, 128
Cilicia
281
Cinco Villas
380, 383, 385
Cirta Constantina/Cirta
15–16, 29, 37, 65, 66, 68, 71–72
citizenship
60, 441, 498
civitas
60, 336, 386
Clementius Valerius Marcellinus (praeses
)431–432
clergy
5, 25, 100, 107–108, 127–128, 145, 147, 149, 151–152, 157, 161, 224, 492
Clunia
14, 28, 239, 256, 262
coinage
207, 219, 274–275, 291–323, 366–370, 372, 402–403, 410, 414, 473, 478–481
colonia/colony
15, 27, 60
Comes
101–103, 105, 237, 335, 342, 346
Commagene
493–494
Complutum
14, 36, 401, 418
conductor
328
Confucianism
488, 498
Conimbricae/Coimbra
14, 36, 247, 249–250
Constantine the Great
57–58, 68, 89, 144–145, 201, 383
Constantine II
383
conversion
3, 6, 8–9, 97, 109, 147, 149–150, 153, 156–162, 166–171, 179–180, 188, 190–191, 207, 302, 315, 369, 452–453, 457–458, 498–499
Corduba/Cordova/Córdoba
8–9, 14, 28–29, 36, 235, 237, 241–243, 245–246, 248–249, 251–252, 254, 256, 259, 261, 296, 298, 307, 311, 318, 402, 407, 413, 456
Corippus
452
Council of Ariminum/Rimini (359)
143, 161
Council of Augusta Emerita (666)
332–334
Council of Carthage (411)
170, 191
Council of Carthage (525)
191
Council of Lerida (546)
147
Council of Milev (402)
67
Council of Nicaea (325)
60, 143, 146
Council of Tarragona (516)
90
Councils of Toledo/General Councils
Ariminian-Visigothic Council of Toledo (580)
3, 144, 146–148, 157, 161
II Council of Toledo (527)
403
III Council of Toledo (589)
3, 18, 37, 93, 101–102, 150–152, 156, 401, 403
IV Council of Toledo (633)
37, 93–94, 97, 102, 105
V Council of Toledo (636)
130
VI Council of Toledo (638)
129
VII Council of Toledo (646)
123, 127–129
VIII Council of Toledo (654)
94, 137
X Council of Toledo (656)
130
XI Council of Toledo (675)
106
XII Council of Toledo (681)
96, 99
XVI Council of Toledo (693)
96, 103
Council of Zaragoza (592)
159
Cuicul/Djémila
15, 37, 66, 75, 77
Cunimund
150
Curnonium (Los Arcos)
391
Cyprus/Cyprus
281
Cyrenaica
448
Damascus/Damascus
8, 362, 365, 367, 370
Dār al-ḍarb
368
al-Dāwudī
457
Decretum Gundemari
4
De fisco Barcinonensi
100–103
defensor
91
dīnār
369–370, 471, 473
Diocletian
18, 143, 291, 387, 427
dirham
409–411, 414, 417, 473, 480
Dīwān al-barīd
367
Dīwān al-jund
367
Dīwān al-kharāj
367
Dīwān al-rasāʾil
367
Dīwān al-ṣadaqāt wa-l-zakāt
366–367
Donatism/Donatist Church
146, 190
Dougga
67, 75
Duero/Duero valley
14, 28, 36, 238–239, 255–257, 260–261
Ebro/Ebro valley
14, 28, 36, 245, 377–378, 380–381
ecclesiology
142–165
Egabro
296, 307, 312, 318
Egara/Terrassa
15, 37, 100
Egica
97, 108, 213, 312, 317, 336
Egypt/Egyptians
8, 59–60, 73, 209, 220, 284, 355–356, 360, 364, 366, 371, 449–450, 455, 457, 461, 471, 475–476, 478–479, 491, 493–494
Elbora/Évora
155
Elissa
302–303, 315
Elvira/Eliberri/Ilbīra
280, 282, 296, 298, 312, 318–319
Emirates of Tāhart
468
Emphyteusis
459
Ephesus
62, 72
epigraphic habit/epigraphy
63, 70–72, 75, 77, 200–234, 384–385, 424, 427, 430, 432–436, 438, 451
Ercavica
14, 401
Erwig
105, 294–295, 311–313, 317–319, 335, 337, 341, 343
Eugenius II of Toledo (bishop)
133
Eulalia (martyr)
154, 159, 389
Eusebius of Caesarea
145–146, 223
Eutropius (bishop)
131, 134
Exarchate of Carthage
356, 359, 364, 372, 448
Expositio totius mundi et gentium
61
al-Faḍl b. Rawḥ (governor)
454
Fatḥ al-Andalus
408
Fatimids
455
Fernán González (count)
238–239, 241, 247
Fes
456
Fezzan
358, 448
fideles
94, 122, 130
Fillera
383, 392–393
Flaínez family
247
flamen
70
Flavian period
385
forum/forum
69–70, 72, 175, 222, 275, 434
Franks
2, 31, 224, 291, 303, 315
Fredegar
120–126, 128
Fretum Gaditanum/Strait of Gibraltar
2, 4, 13, 30, 269–290, 372
Froila González (count)
249, 255
Fulgentius of Ruspe (bishop)
190
fundus
327
Fusṭāṭ
355, 371
Gabès/Qābis
357, 450, 452, 455
Gadir/Gades/Urbs Iulia Gaditana/Cádiz
16, 28, 282–284
Gafsa
448, 450–451
Geiseric
4–5, 166, 189, 207, 274
Gallaecia/Galicia
28, 247, 249–251, 257, 261, 291, 293, 295, 298–299, 303, 305, 307, 311–313, 315–316, 318, 331, 345, 404
Gallia/Gaul
1, 31, 73, 75, 126, 150, 204, 208, 211, 213–214, 216, 225, 291, 293, 303, 305, 308, 311, 315, 318
Gallienus
383
García Sánchez I
242–244
garum
26, 269–290
Genghis Khan
489
Gennadios (stratēgos)
429, 431
gens Gothorum/gens Visigothorum
149–150, 157–158, 160, 162, 293
George of Cyprus
64, 356
Gerunda/Girona
15, 37, 100, 296, 298, 311, 314, 317
Ghālib (general)
253, 260
Ghassān (family)
355, 371
Giufi
192
Godigisel
150
Gómez family/Banū Ghūmis
237–241, 247, 252, 254–255, 257–262
Gonzalo Muñoz (count)
247, 249, 255
Gotina (countess)
249–251
Greeks
78, 369, 372, 486, 489, 491, 501
Gregory of Tours (bishop)
125, 148–150, 158, 274
Gregory the Patrician
359–360, 448
Guadalajara
299, 407–408, 411, 418
Guadalfeo (river)
282–283
Gundemar
308, 312
Gunthamund
6, 190–191, 212–213
Gupta (dynasty)
497
ḥadīth
449
Hadrumetum/Justinianopolis/Sousse
15, 29, 37, 65–67, 74, 448, 450
al-Ḥakam I
417, 456
al-Ḥakam II
235, 243–244, 247, 251, 260
Han (dynasty)
489, 495, 497
Harthama b. Aʿyan (general)
469, 477–478
Hārūn al-Rashīd
467, 469–471, 473, 475–480
Ḥassān b. al-Nuʿmān al-Ghassānī (general)
355–376, 453–454
Ibn Ḥayyān
237–238, 241–243, 247, 251–252, 259, 261–262
Hellenism
209, 491, 493–494, 496, 499
Henchir Snobbeur
434
Heraclius the Elder
359
heresy
90, 97, 142, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156, 161
Hermenegild
146, 302, 315
Hilāl al-Madyūnī
408
Hishām II
252
Hispalis/Seville
9, 14–15, 24, 28, 36, 292, 302–303, 309, 402
Hispania Citerior
28, 299, 302
Historia Wambae regis/History of Wamba
315
hoard
294, 298, 302, 309, 311, 313, 410, 414
Homoeans
2, 143–144
honorati
25, 58, 69
Honorius
219, 274
Horace
497, 500
horrea
58
Huesca (province)
378, 380, 383, 389
Huneric
6, 189–190
Hydatius (bishop)
1, 20, 274, 331, 334
Hygea
183
Iaca
391–393
Ibn Wādirān
475
Ibrāhīm b. al-Aghlab (emir)
456, 467–471, 476–480
Ibrāhīm b. al-Naṣrānī
366
Ibn ʿIdhārī
254, 261, 477
Idrīs I
478
Idrisids (dynasty)
468–469, 478–479
Ilerda/Lleida
14–15, 36–37, 383–384
Iol Caesarea/Cherchell
15, 29, 37, 65–67, 72, 76, 493
al-Iqṭāʿ
366, 408, 458–459
Iranian Empire
117–118, 138
Iraq
362, 450, 455
Isidore of Seville
23–24, 89, 92–95, 97, 103, 108, 154, 156, 291–292, 336, 338, 345, 386, 403–404, 406
Islamication
485, 488
Islamization
364, 366, 370, 403, 413–415, 448, 452, 460–461
Italia Annonaria
73, 75–76
Italia Suburbicaria
59, 63, 73–76, 78
Italica
14–15, 36, 302, 315
Iulia Constantia Zilil
14, 274, 276
Iulia Traducta/Algeciras
4, 14, 270–273, 277–279, 285
Jayyān/Jaén
307, 319
Jews
8, 21, 97, 106, 109, 259, 454, 490
jihād/arḍ jihād
355, 371, 449
jizya
259–260, 369, 451, 458
John Chrysostom
61
John of Biclar
147–148, 160, 291, 301–303, 315, 346, 403–404
John of Nikiu
61
Juba II
493
Julian of Toledo (archbishop)
3, 95, 315–316
jund
452, 459, 475–479
justice
ecclesiastical
99, 103–104
secular
89, 99, 104, 106–109, 137
Justin
150
Justinian I
7, 18, 59–60, 64–65, 200–205, 220, 228, 277, 356, 372, 428, 436, 461
Kabylia
357, 461
al-Kāhina (Dīhyā)
357, 360–362, 365–366, 370, 452–453
Karmona
296, 312, 318
Ibn Khaldūn
241, 259, 261–262, 408, 470, 500
kharāj
365, 367, 369, 451, 458–460, 471
Kharijites
468, 479
khilʿa
244–246, 254, 263
Khurāsānīs
454–455
Kingdom of the Banū Wāsūl/ Midrārites of Sijilmasa
468
Kingdom of Tlemcen
358, 360, 468
Kingdom of Toledo
117, 126, 134, 138
Kingdom of Toulouse
2, 31, 88–89, 107, 150
Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt
449
koiné
280–281
Kulthūm b. ʿIyāḍ (governor)
454
Kusayla
357, 360–361, 452–453, 461
Labitolosa
306, 392–394
Lagos
277
Lake Maota
485
law
2–4, 57–58, 60, 68, 71–72, 98, 102–103, 105–109, 126–127, 130, 136–137, 146, 189–190, 202, 205, 309, 333–337, 341–346, 456–458
Lebea
299–301, 316
Legio III Augusta
65
León/Kingdom of León
235, 237–245, 247–251, 253–263
Leptis Magna
16, 65–66, 67, 70, 72, 74–75, 219, 221, 428–429, 432–434, 436–437, 440
Leuathes/Laguantan/Ilaguas
428–429, 431–434, 436–437, 440–441
Levant
358, 410, 413, 495
Libanius
61, 63
Liber Iudiciorum
21, 33, 97, 123, 136
Libya
7, 358–359, 366, 448
Limes
359
Little Kabylie
455
Liuva I
299
Liuva II
120, 308
Liuvigild
2–3, 27, 144, 146–149, 152–156, 158–162, 291, 293–295, 299–305, 307, 315, 331, 401, 403–404, 406
Livy
497
Lixus
14, 278–279
Lorbeus
460
Los Barrios
274
Lusitania
26, 28, 32, 207, 277, 280–282, 284–285, 292, 295, 298, 302, 307–309, 311, 313–314, 331, 334
Macedonia
73, 491, 494
Mactaris/Maktar
15, 37, 173–174
Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ
243–244, 247, 255
Madyūna
407–408
Maghrib
235, 237, 241, 243, 251, 260, 357–360, 370, 449–451, 453, 455, 459, 461, 468–469, 475, 477–478, 500
al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā
235, 241, 243, 251
Malaca/Málaga
2, 14, 36, 278–279, 283
Malalas
61
al-Maʾmūn
474–476, 478–480
Manchu people
488, 495
al-Manṣūr (chamberlain)
236, 244, 248–249, 251–257, 259–261
al-Maqqarī
243
Masona of Mérida (bishop)
91, 104, 153–155, 158–160, 332
Masuna
360
Mauretania Caesarensis
28–29, 64, 66, 77, 356, 424, 435, 440
Mauretania Prima
64
Mauretania Sitifensis
29, 64, 66–67, 77, 356, 368
Mauretania Tingitana
4, 28, 64, 66, 281, 356, 425, 427–428, 430–431, 434, 436, 440–441
Maurice
64
Maurousioi
431, 436–437
Iulius Matif
431, 433
Mave
307, 316
Maxentius
68
Maximian
67
Majrīṭ/Madrid
418
Mecca
362
Mecca Protocol
479–480
Medeli
191
Mentesa
15, 36, 296, 298, 312, 318–319
Mercury Silvanus
183
Merovingians
2, 118, 126, 214, 219–220
Mesopotamia
449, 499
migration
1, 9, 423, 432, 440, 449, 455
Milev
15, 37, 69
Minerva
183
Ming (dynasty)
489, 498
monastery of Rufiana
336
Mongols
489, 495
MoNo-model
117, 119, 125, 132, 137
Montanus of Toledo (bishop)
108
Monte Cillas
379, 385, 391–392, 392
Monzón
256
Moors
16, 28–29, 357, 360, 452–453
morbus Gothorum
2, 124–125
Morocco
274
Mughal Empire
485–486, 489, 495, 497, 501
Muḥammad (Prophet)
18, 495
Muḥammad b. Muqātil al-͑Akkī
469, 477
Muniadomna Froilaz (countess)
249–250, 255
municipium
60
Munio Fernández
258
al-Muqtabis
247
al-Muqtabis II
415
Murila of Valentia (bishop)
151–152
al-Mustaʿīn (caliphal candidate)
245, 251, 254, 261
al-Muẓaffar (chamberlain)
254, 261
Narbonensis
211, 292, 295, 298–299, 303, 309, 317
Narbona/Arbūna/Narbonne
226, 291, 296, 298–299, 303–305, 308–309, 311, 314, 316–317, 319
Navarre
378–379, 383, 385, 387–388, 392–393
necropolis
25, 207, 222, 378, 389–390, 395, 411, 414
Nememcha (mountains)
356
Nepopis (bishop)
154–155
Neronian period
385
Nicene Church/Nicene Creed
2, 143–162, 173, 189–192
Nimrud Dag
493–495
nomads
357, 360, 423–447, 452, 461, 500
Notitia Dignitatum
37, 57, 274
Novella/Novel
47, 200–201, 203–204, 220
Iulius Nuffuz
431, 433
numerarius
103
Numidia
4, 16, 29, 64–67, 75, 77, 191, 214–215, 356, 368, 424, 435, 440, 452, 461
Numidia Cirtensis
29, 64–66
Numidia Constantina
66
Numidia Militiana
29, 65–66, 71, 74
numismatics
31, 292, 294, 304, 313, 315, 370, 467, 476, 478–480
officinae salsamentariae
270
Olisipo/Lisbon
14, 36, 276, 303, 308
Olite
385–386, 389
Ologicus
386
Olympiodorus
60
Onneca (princess)
242
opus signinum
271, 416
ordo
65, 69–70, 77
Ordo urbium nobilium
61
Ordoño II
239
Ordoño IV
241–244
Orense/Ourense
250
Paulus Orosius
327
Orthodoxy
144–145, 148
Osca/Huesca
394
Osma (castle)
239, 255, 262
Ossonoba
308, 318, 14, 36
Osthrogoths
144, 146, 213, 219, 224, 331
Ottoman Empire/Ottomans
488–489, 495–497, 501–502
Oued Milian valley
175
Pallantia/Palencia
108, 151
papyri
284
Parthians
494, 496
Paulus (dux)
311, 315–317
Paulus (bishop)
331–332, 338
peasantry/peasants
324–354, 414, 459
Pelayo Rodríguez
258
Pentapolis/Antabulus
358
Persians
4, 451–452, 454–455, 486, 488, 493–494, 496–497
Phoenicians
16
Pimenius of Asido (bishop)
225, 227
Pliny the Elder
386, 390
Poitiers, battle of
468
Pompelo/Pamplona/Kingdom of Pamplona
1, 9, 235–238, 240, 242, 244, 247–249, 251–253, 260, 262, 380, 383, 385, 391–395, 415
Portus Ilicitanus
276
potestas
92
praefectus gentis
424–425, 433, 440
praeses
428, 432
praetorium
58, 68–69
Priscus Panites
60
Procopius
62, 64–65, 428–429, 431–434, 436–437, 452
procurator
327, 333, 344, 428
Puente Grande/Ringo Rango
274
Pyrenees
306–307, 316, 332, 377–378, 393, 461
al-Qayrawān/Kairouan
7–8, 35, 358, 364, 366, 368, 371, 448–450, 454–456, 461–462, 472, 477
Qing (dynasty)
488, 495–496, 498
Qsūr
362
Quodvultdeus (bishop)
70, 166–167, 170
Rajasthan
485
Ramiro II of León
238–239, 247
Ramiro III
251–252, 256–257
re-baptism
6, 160, 189–190
Reccared
3, 91–93, 101–102, 104–105, 107–108, 120, 150, 156, 158, 207, 213, 293–295, 303, 305–306, 315, 401
Recceswinth
3, 97, 103, 105, 107, 120, 123, 130–138, 294–295, 309–313, 317
Reccopolis
14, 27, 30, 299, 302, 312, 319, 401, 403–409, 411, 413–414–418
Red Fort
485, 501
Regnum Gothorum
2, 299, 317, 381, 405
Rhodes
499
Roda
302, 315
Roda Codex
242
Rodas
296, 301, 303, 312, 317
Roderic
8, 295, 313–314, 318
Rodrigo Velázquez (duke)
247, 251
Romanization
13, 329, 485, 488, 501
Roman Empire
4–5, 7, 9–10, 18, 13, 24, 92, 126, 143, 145, 209, 276, 359, 378, 381, 424, 427, 435, 440, 453, 486, 489, 491, 497, 499, 501
Rome
1, 4–5, 16, 20, 72–73, 78, 390, 493
Rosas
276
Rūm
451, 454
Rustamids
468
Rusticus of Narbonne (bishop)
211, 225–226
Sádaba
381, 384
Sahara
13, 454, 456
St. Eulalia (church)
153–155
St. George
387–388
St. Roman of Antioch
387
Salā/Salé
14, 434, 436
Saldania
299, 301, 316
Salmantica
14, 36, 296, 298, 313
salsamentum/salsamenta
272, 279
Salvian
61, 70
al-Samḥ
319
Sampiro
251
San Blas (bishop)
387–389
San Esteban de Gormaz (castle)
239, 256, 262
San Julián de Cuenca
387–388
San Pedro of Siresa (church)
384–385
San Valero
387, 389
Sancho I
241–243, 256
Sancho Garcés I of Pamplona
242
Sancho Garcés II of Pamplona
247, 251, 253
Sancho García (count)
245, 251, 254, 256, 260–262
Sanskrit
496–497
Santa Criz
385, 391–393
Shantabariyya
407–409, 412, 415, 417
Santiago de Compostela
244, 246, 248–249, 254–255, 259
Sardinia (province)
64
Sasanian Kingdom
494, 496
Shaqyā al-Miknāsī
407–408
Sharq al-Andalus
408
Scythopolis
62
Sebastián of Arcávica (bishop)
404
Second Iron Age
411
sect
143, 150, 160–161
Segia
14, 383, 391–392, 394
Segobriga/Segóbriga
14, 36, 401, 415, 418
semissis
370
Septem Fratres/Ceuta
4, 14, 64, 270–271, 276–277, 279, 282–285, 356
Septimania
213
Sergios (governor)
428–429, 431–433, 437, 440
Severian period
219
Sexi/Almuñécar
283
Shish Mahal
486–487
Simancas
238, 256
Simancas-Alhandega, battle of
245, 251
Simingi
191
Sisenand
98, 307
Sitifis/Sétif
15, 29, 37, 64, 66–68, 77
slavery
21, 108, 236, 252–253, 258, 324, 343, 369, 456
Slavs
454
Sofuentes
383–384
solidus
369–370
sortes Vandalorum
173, 188–189, 191–192
stamps
270
state/statehood
1, 9, 10–13, 17, 22, 26, 60, 96, 118–119, 138, 143, 145–146, 235, 237, 246, 252, 293, 326, 360–361, 366, 400–404, 406, 408–409, 413–414, 425–426, 434, 437, 440, 458–459, 467–468, 492, 496, 501
Strabo
276, 386
Suebi
1, 18, 28–29, 156, 219, 291, 294, 305, 307, 315–316, 345
Sufetula/Sbeïtla
15, 37, 65, 75, 171, 173–180, 186, 188, 210–212, 356–357, 359–360, 448, 462
Sunifred
295, 313, 319
Sunna of Mérida (bishop)
153–155, 158–159
Swinthila
285, 308, 312, 386
Syria/Syria
365–366, 371, 449–450, 455
Syrtes
428
Tagus/Tajo (river)
38, 400, 404, 407, 415
Tahouda, battle of (battle of Vescera)
361
Taj Mahal
485
Tammām b. Tamīm al-Tamīmī
477
Tamuda/Tamuco/Tétouan
274
Ṭāriq b. Ziyād
8, 319, 372
Tarra (monk)
108
Tarraca/Los Bañales
379, 383, 385, 392–394
Tarraco/Tarragona
15, 29, 37, 292, 296, 298, 314
Tarraconensis
1, 28–29, 32, 100, 135, 152, 292, 295, 300, 302, 306, 309, 311–312, 317, 395
Taurus (mountains)
493
tax/taxation
1, 8–10, 12, 26, 57, 60, 62, 99–105, 109, 127, 156, 259–260, 316, 333, 341, 359, 367–369, 400, 402, 406, 440, 451, 457–458, 460
temple à cour
172–173, 180–181
tempus domini
216
tempus regni
216
Tetrarchy
57, 65, 219
Thamugadi/Timgad
15, 37, 65–66, 71, 75
Theodosius I
16, 143, 146, 219
Theodosius II
69, 170
Theophylact Simocatta
429, 431, 437
Theveste/Tebessa
15, 37, 462
Thrasamund
6, 186, 190–191, 212
Thuburbo Maius
15, 37, 171–175, 179–181, 186, 188, 192
Thysdrus
15, 34, 65, 67, 448
Tierra de Campos
257
Tingis/Tangier
4, 64, 66, 432
ṭirāz
237, 245–246, 248–251, 262
tituli picti
270, 280
Tlemcen
358, 360, 368
Toda
242, 244, 248
Toletum/Toledo
3, 8, 14, 27–29, 36, 96, 132, 152, 154, 159, 161, 292, 319, 330, 338, 401, 403, 408, 411, 414
Toro
238, 257, 260
Torrevicente, battle of
253, 260
tremissis
301, 304, 310, 370
tribes/tribal groups
357–358, 360–361, 408, 451–453, 459, 461, 500
Tripolitania
4, 7, 29, 64–66, 74–77, 356, 368, 427–429, 431, 433, 437, 440–441, 448, 452, 461
Troia (Setúbal)
270, 276
Tucci
14, 36, 296, 298, 312, 318–319
Tulga
119–123, 125–126, 133
Tunis
68, 364–365, 368, 370, 450, 452, 455, 462
Tunisia
78, 171, 356, 359, 448, 460, 475
Ulfilas (bishop)
149
Umayyads/Umayyad Caliphate
8, 10, 32, 235, 237–238, 240–256, 259–261, 263, 308, 312, 314, 318–319, 355, 362, 365, 400, 408–410, 413–415, 455–456, 458, 468, 495
ʿUqba b. Nāfiʿ (general)
358, 368, 361, 448, 454
Urci
14, 36, 395
Uruk
499
Uthina
15, 37, 181, 191
Vagrila (conspirator)
91, 104
Valentia/Valencia
14, 36, 151–152, 296, 402
Valerian
383
Valerius of Bierzo
336, 338
Vandals/Vandal Kingdom
1, 4–7, 10, 18, 29, 31, 41, 64, 66–67, 69, 78, 146, 166, 173, 179, 186, 188–192, 207–208, 211–213, 218–219, 224, 228, 274–277, 285, 356, 359–360, 369
Vascones/Vascons
301, 308, 316–317, 386
Vasconia
301
Vermudo II
249, 256–259, 262
Verona List
57, 63
Vicentius of Huesca (bishop)
332, 337
Victor of Tunnuna
20
Victor of Vita
5, 189–190, 192
vicus
330, 335–336, 338
Vikings
247
Viligisclus (bishop)
151–152
villa/villa
30, 183, 257, 274, 276, 327–331, 334–336, 338–339, 378, 387–390, 395
village
250, 326, 328, 335, 339, 340–341, 344, 378, 381, 387, 390, 401, 408, 461
Vincentius of Zaragoza (martyr)
153, 159, 161
viri illustres
137, 157–158, 161
Vita Fulgentii
190
Vitas Sanctorum Patrum Emeritensium
152, 154–155, 334
Volotania
306, 316
Volubilis
14, 427, 432–435, 441
Vouillé, battle of
2, 31, 87
Wālī, wulāt
259–260, 355, 366–367, 371, 451, 460, 476–478
Wamba
95, 103, 108, 138, 294–295, 309–312, 315–317
Witiza
294–295, 311–313, 317, 319
Witteric
309
al-Yaʿqūbī
454, 469, 476
Yazīd b. Ḥātim
455–456
Zāb
37, 357, 366, 368, 452, 455, 470, 476–479
Zaghouan (mountains)
181
Zagros (mountains)
356
zakāt
369
Zamora
3, 238, 252, 256, 259–261
Zirids
455
Ziyādat Allāh I
474–476, 480
Zorita
407, 415, 417–418