Figures
1.1 Portrait photograph by Josef Kotzian (1889–1960) from the period after the First World War. Museum of Art Olomouc, Department of the Museum of Modern Art – Central European Forum Olomouc, Collections 43
1.2 Josef Kotzian, signed Solferino and dated 9 July 1922. Pencil, 50 × 32.50 cm. Private collection of Eva and Jan Oravec, Ostrava 49
1.3 Josef Kotzian, signed Solf. 53, 1953. Crayons, 31 × 23 cm. Private collection of Eva and Jan Oravec, Ostrava 54
2.1 Unknown author. Illustration for the article by Eugeniusz Niczyporowicz, “What Is the Fourth Dimension?” 63
2.2 Xawery Dunikowski, Man in Space, circa 1958. Oil on canvas, 362 × 303 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 600 MNW 69
2.3 Xawery Dunikowski, Man in Space, circa 1958. Oil on canvas, 203 × 166 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 421 MNW 71
2.4 Xawery Dunikowski, Man in Space, approx. 1958. Paper on cardboard, 52.5 × 39.5 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 601 MNW 73
2.5 Xawery Dunikowski, Man in Space, approx. 1958. Paper, tempera, oil, charcoal, 53 × 40 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 511 MNW, scan 74
2.6 Xawery Dunikowski, Abstract Composition (with a Yellow Circle), 1955–1961. Oil on canvas, 150 × 300 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 595 MNW 77
2.7 Xawery Dunikowski, Self-portrait (I am Walking Towards the Sun), 1917–1920. Polychrome wood, 243 × 170 × 80 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 25 MNW 79
2.8 Stanisław Wyspiański, God the Father (Arise!), 1904, stained-glass window in the Church of St. Francis of Assisi in Kraków 80
2.9 Xawery Dunikowski, Abstract Composition with a Black Sun (Abstract Composition with a Black Circle; Sea), 1958–1990. Oil, canvas, 16 × 124.5 cm. Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, inventory no. MKr 517 MNW 82
3.1 Teofil Ociepka, Coal Mine [Kopalnia], 1967. Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka 97
3.2 Erwin Sówka, Meditations [Medytacje], 1986, MŚK/PLN/9. Oil, canvas, 68 × 92.5 cm 99
3.3 Erwin Sówka, Civilizational Progress [Postęp cywilizacyjny], 1981, MŚK/PLN/10. Oil, canvas, 66 × 103 cm 101
4.1 Liudas Truikys circa 1969 112
4.2 Interior of the apartment of Liudas Truikys and Marijona Rakauskaitė, 1986 116
4.3 Liudas Truikys, Giuseppe Verdi, Aida, Amneris prayer, 1975. Sketch of the scenography 119
4.4 Liudas Truikys, Giuseppe Verdi, Aida, The Temple, 1975. Sketch of the scenography 119
4.5 Liudas Truikys, Giuseppe Verdi, Otello, 1983–1984. Sketch of the scenography (not realized) 121
4.6 Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Sonata No. 7, part I, 1909 124
5.1 Jana Olexová, self-portrait, 1980s (?). Private collection 131
5.2 Jana Merglová and Václav Mergl in the mid-1960s. Private collection 132
5.3 Jana Olexová, Meeresgrund [Sea Ground], 1967. Oil on canvas, 66 × 46 cm. National Gallery in Prague 135
5.4 Jana Olexová, Koederduft [Bait Scent], 1967. Oil on canvas, 50 × 32 cm. National Gallery in Prague 136
5.5 Jana Olexová, Embrio [Embryo], 1968. Oil on canvas, 62 × 86 cm. National Gallery in Prague 138
5.6 Jana Olexová, Keime [Germs], 1968. Oil on canvas, 53 × 42 cm. National Gallery in Prague 142
5.7 Jana Olexová, Tree of Life I, 1970s. Oil on canvas, 80 × 60 cm. National Gallery in Prague 144
5.8 Jana Olexová, Tree of Life II, 1970s. Oil on canvas, 80 × 60 cm. National Gallery in Prague 145
8.1 Lev Nussberg, Aleksandr Grigoriev, illustration of the astronomy and astrophysics hall at the science pavilion, 1968. Part of Dvishenie’s proposal for a play center at the Orlyonok (Eaglet) pioneer camp in Tuapse (1968–1969). Tempera on paper 201
8.2 Lev Nussberg. Plan of Cybernetic Artificial Environment “Antimir” (Anti-World). 1966. Ink and colored pencil on paper 204
8.3 Galina Bitt. IBKS macro zone plan, 1968–1969. Ink, pencil and felt-tip pen on paper 206
8.4 Lev Nussberg. Urban planning scheme with Macropolis, surrounded by IBKS, 1968. Ballpoint pen on paper 209
8.5 Lev Nussberg. Interaction of Cybers. Drawing for Cybertheater, 1966. Ink and pencil on paper 211
8.6 Lev Nussberg. Section of Cybernetic Environment “Antimir” (Anti-World), 1968 214
8.7 Lev Nussberg. Plan for an Artificial Kinetic-Cybernetic Microworld Environment, 1966. Ink, pencil and felt-tip pen on paper 216
9.1 Paul Gherasim, Octogon, 1968, Dr. Costina Collection 227
9.2 Paul Gherasim, Bolți de lumina [Bolts of Lightning], 1966–1972 228
9.3 Paul Neagu, Anthropocosmos, 1969 233
9.4 Paul Neagu. Marele metronom [The Great Metronome], 1968 234
9.5 Paul Neagu, Tornado, 1974 236
9.6 Horia Bernea, Pâine (Bread), 1976. Dr. Costina Collection 238
9.7 Horia Bernea, Prapor în Polonia [Banner in Poland], 1979. Dr. Costina Collection 239
9.8 Ștefan Bertalan, Acizi ribonucleici, 1980. Dr. Costina Collection 242
9.9 Ștefan Bertalan, Autoportret [Self Portrait], 1980 243
9.10 Ștefan Bertalan, Terasa [The Terrace], 1981 244
10.1 Andrzej Strumiłło, photograph taken during an expedition to Siberia, 1958 255
10.2 & 10.3 Andrzej Strumiłło, photographs taken during an expedition to Siberia, 1958 258
10.4 & 10.5 Andrzej Strumiłło, photographs taken during an expedition to Nepal, 1980 262
11.1 Urszula Broll, Untitled, 1962. Watercolour on paper 277
11.2 Urszula Broll, Untitled, 1969. Watercolour on paper 278
11.3 Urszula Broll, Is [Jest], 1969. Watercolour on paper, 50 × 32.5 cm 280
11.4 Urszula Broll, The Well of Wind [Studnia wiatru], 1969. Watercolour on paper 284
11.5 Urszula Broll, Come Maytreya, 1984. Watercolour on paper, 64.5 × 48 cm 288
11.6 Urszula Broll, Zones III [Strefy III], undated. Watercolour on paper 291
11.7 Urszula Broll, Untitled (Om Muni Muni Maha Muni Shakya Munaye), undated. Watercolour on paper 296
11.8 Urszula Broll, Secret Monuntain [Tajemna góra], 1997. Watercolour on paper 298
12.1 Maria Anto, For Andrzej, 1979. Oil on canvas 305
12.2 & 12.3 Tarot photograph from Maria Anto’s exhibition in 2000 at the Dom Michalaków Contemporary Art Gallery in Kazimierz Dolny. Gallery archive 311
12.4 Maria Anto, Białowieża Theater, 2005. Oil on canvas, 80 ×120 cm 314
12.5 Maria Anto, Blue-eyed, 1975. Oil on canvas, 90 × 90 cm 316
12.6 Maria Anto, King of Clubs + Queen of Spades, 1994. Oil on canvas, 62 × 76 cm 320
13.1 Aksinin, Oleksandr, P.F. 1985. Buddha’s Face, 1984. Etching on paper, 11.6 × 8 cm 332
13.2 Shur, Maria, O. Aksinin in the apartment in F. Kolessa St., Lv
13.3 Aksinin, Oleksandr, [Hexagram] 31 Xian – Influence. For Oleksandr Kolorev. Sheet 2 from the series I Ching, 1984. Etching on paper, 11 × 8 cm 336
13.4 Aksinin, Oleksandr, [Hexagram] 35 Jin – Progress. For R. Yakub. Sheet 6 from the series I Ching, 1984. Etching on paper, 11 × 8 cm 337
13.5 Aksinin, Oleksandr, P.F. 1983. Tao. 1982. Etching on paper, color ink, gouache, Ø 9.9 cm 338
13.6 Zelen, Michail, O. Aksinin and E. Buriakovska visiting Tõnis Vint. Tallinn, 1978 339
13.7 Aksinin, Oleksandr, Ex Libris Tõnis Vint, 1977. Etching on paper, Ø 12.7 cm 341
14.1 Genādijs Suhanovs in the 1970s–1980s. File S-184, Art Academy of Latvia Information Centre 350
14.2 Genādijs Suhanovs, Portrait by Botticelli, Very Disputable, 1979. Lithograph on paper, 56.2 × 79 cm 354
14.3 Genādijs Suhanovs, Exit to Biofield, 1976. Lithograph on paper, 65.5 × 51 cm 356
14.4 Genādijs Suhanovs, Texture No. 5, from the series Ornamental Structures, 1979. Ink on cardboard, 34.9 × 42.6 cm 357
14.5 Genādijs Suhanovs, Composition after Mandala Motif, 1977. Ink on paper, 36 × 36 cm 358
14.6 Genādijs Suhanovs. Object No. 2 (From the Silver Deposit), 1979. Lithograph on cardboard, 46 × 48.5 cm 360
14.7 Genādijs Suhanovs, Energetic fibula II, 1986. Lithograph on paper, 44 × 53.5 cm 361
14.8 Genādijs Suhanovs, Object No. 3 (From the Silver Deposit), 1986. Lithograph on paper, 41 × 32 cm 362
14.9 Fragment of Lielvārde Belt 363
14.10 Genādijs Suhanovs, Conversations with Lissitzky, 1987. Watercolor and silver on paper, 35 × 35 cm 365
15.1 Tamás Szentjóby in the first Hungarian happening The Lunch (In memoriam Batu Khan), Budapest, 1966 374
15.2 Tamás Szentjóby’s retrospective exhibition, Club of Young Artists, Budapest, 1975 375
15.3 Tamás Szentjóby: Emblem, 1968 385
15.4 Tamás Szentjóby: Portable Trench for Three People, 1969 387
15.5 Tamás Szentjóby: Czechoslovak Radio 1968, (1969) 387
15.6 Tamás Szentjóby: Bloody Film, 1968 389
16.1 Sándor Molnár, Principium (EARTH series), 1970. Oil, canvas, 110 × 80 cm. Private collection 401
16.2 Sándor Molnár, Metamorphoses (Hommage á Popieluszko) (WATER series), 1985. Oil, canvas 260 × 200 cm. Private collection 402
16.3 Sándor Molnár, Metamorphoses (Head) (WATER series) 1986. Oil, canvas, 50 × 40 cm. Private property 404
16.4 Sándor Molnár, Tumo No. 9 (FIRE series) 1990–1992. Oil, canvas, 200 × 260 cm. Private collection 405
16.5 Miklós Erdély, Molluscum [“it is not what enters the MOUTH that defiles” (Mt 15,11)], 1969– 1970. Photomontage, 21 × 29 cm. Janus Pannonius Muzeum, Pécs 407
16.6 Miklós Erdély, reading “Lecture on the Exhibition”. In Memory of the Council of Chalcedon 1980. Bercsényi Student Hostel 408
16.7 Gábor Bódy, De Occulta Philosophia, 1983– 1984, video, 00:01:39. Budapest, Ludwig Múzeum 410
16.8 István Bodóczky, Landscape, 1981. Oil, canvas, 130.4 × 121 cm. Szentendre, Ferenczy Múzeum 411
16.9 István Bodóczky, Rendezvous in Ryoanji Garden, 1985. Serigraphy, 70 × 50 cm. Private collection 412
16.10 István Bodóczky, Lonely Hermit (Garden of Pythagoras), 1989. Oil, canvas, 200 × 140 cm. Private property 413
17.1 Karel Malich, Divam se a pootocil jsem hlavu [Looking and Turning my Head], 1976. Private collection 425
17.2 Karel Malich, Sedim a pozoruji oblohu [I Sit and Watch the Sky], 1976. Východočeská galerie Pardubice 426
17.3 Karel Malich, Vnitrni svetlo [The Inner Light], 1977. Private collection 427
17.4 Karel Malich, Vnitrni svetlo II [The Inner Light II], 1977. Muzeum umění Olomouc 428
17.5 Karel Malich, Pozoruji trhlinu v prostoru [Observing the Crack in Space], 1979. Private collection 429
17.6 Karel Malich, Sedim, divam se, pootocil jsem hlavu [I sit, Look, I Turned my Head], 1979–1983. Národní galerie Praha [National Gallery Prague] 432
17.7 Karel Malich, Krajina s vecnem [Landscape with Eternity], 1979–1985. Muzeum Kampa 433
17.8 Karel Malich, Lidsko-kosmicka souloz [Human-cosmic Copulation], 1984–1988. GHMP Galerie hlavního města Prahy [Prague City Gallery] 437
18.1 Josip Vaništa (Gorgona group), Sample of Gorgona’s Black, 1961. Typescript, collage, cardboard, 66 × 226 mm 454
18.2 Marko Pogačnik (OHO group), Intercontinental Group Project America – Europe, 1970. Mixed media, paper, 211 × 197 mm 457
18.3 Marko Pogačnik (OHO group), Intercontinental Group Project America Europe, 1970. 3 × mixed media, paper, 3 × (211 × 197 mm) 458
18.4 Marko Pogačnik (OHO group), Medial Systems, 1970. 4 × mixed media, paper, 4 × (197 × 211 mm) 460
19.1 Olje Ivanjicki, Tajna večera [The Last Supper], 1983. Oil on canvas, 200 × 300 cm. Historical Museum of Serbia, Belgrade 469
19.2 Olje Ivanjicki, The Arrival of Predictors I, 1969. Oil on canvas, 75 × 90 cm 478
20.1 Granary Island in Gdańsk, the 1980s 490
20.2 Grzegorz Klaman, Burying of the Books, 1987 506
20.3 Grzegorz Klaman, Big Black Head, 1988 (2nd plan: Grzegorz Klaman, Trough; 3rd plan: Robert Rumas, Hand) 508
20.4 Ziemia Mindel-Würm, performance on Granary Island, 1990 510
22.1 Harry Shein, Anthropolatrium. Diploma thesis at the Estonian State Institute of Art, 1970 536
22.2 Vilen Künnapu, Ain Padrik, Paris La Villette urban park design competition entry, 1982. Detail (Thematic gardens) 538
22.3 Vilen Künnapu, Ain Padrik, Paris La Villette urban park design competition entry, 1982. Elevation, detail 540
22.4 Vilen Künnapu, Ain Padrik, Lennart Meri, Rovaniemi Arctic Center competition entry, 1983. Elevations and second floor plan 542
22.5 Toomas Rein, Nirvaana (cult building/dwelling for Aleksander Heintalu), 1983–1984. Axonometric 544
22.6 Toomas Rein, Nirvaana (cult building/dwelling for Aleksander Heintalu), 1983–1984. Second floor plan 545
22.7 Toomas Rein, Nirvaana (cult building/dwelling for Aleksander Heintalu), 1983–1984. Situation plan 546
22.8 Vilen Künnapu, Ain Padrik, Andres Siim, Los Angeles West Coast Gateway competition entry, 1988–1989. Elevations and sections for the 1st competition round. Second prize 548
22.9 Tõnis Vint, Naissaar, 1993–1996 551
22.10 Tõnis Vint, Promotional booklet for the Naissaar project, 1993–1996. Feng Shui analysis 552
22.11 Tõnis Vint, Naissaar, 1996. Elevation of a higher version of the project 554
Tables
18.1 Spirituality in 20th-century art history 448
18.2 Table Miško Šuvaković; nodes of field examples of overcoming formalism in 20th-century art, schema 452