Figures
1 Securitization and desecuritization stages 20
2 Development of the Securitization Theory 25
3 Statistical summary of prime ministers’ exposés 47
4 Statistical summary of and presidents’ speeches before the National Assembly 47
5 Percentage of speeches by prime ministers on security issues 48
6 Percentage of speeches by presidents on security issues 48
7 Points of convergence in the amount of space devoted to security issues in the speeches of presidents and prime ministers 50
8 Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of various security categories in prime ministers’ exposés from 1989 to 2023 51
9 Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of various security categories in presidents’ exposés occurrences from 1989 to 2020
10 Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of various security categories in the speeches of presidents and prime ministers from 1989 to 2023 53
11 Securitization of the participation of Polish soldiers in the operation in Iraq in the narrative of Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Leszek Miller, and their supporters 64
12 Securitization of special relations with the USA 91
13 Securitization of the relations with Russia 98
14 Securitization of the crime in the political discourse of PiS in 2001 106
15 Securitization of the crime in the political discourse of PiS in 2005 107
16 Securitization of the corruption in the political discourse of PiS 112
17 Securitization of the energy issues by PiS 120
18 Securitization of the energy issues by center and left parties 121
19 Securitization of the reform of pension system in the political discourse of D. Tusk 128
20 Securitization of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemics 133
21 Securitization of migration issues in the narrative of the radical and moderate options 144
22 Securitization of the supporting refugees from Ukraine 147
23 Selected issues of Polish political discourse in light of the Classical Securitization Theory, Just Securitization Theory and Riskification Theory 164
A1 Positioning of Polish political parties based on Chapel Hill Expert Survey trend file (Seth et al., 2022) 172
Tables
1 Securitycategories according to B. Buzan 15
2 Practicalaspects of securitization according to the Copenhagen School 21
3 11criteria of Just Securitization 28
4 Comparisonof the Securitization Theory and Just Securitization Theory 29
5 Grammarsof security 35
6 Comparativepercentage of space devoted to security issues in the speeches of presidents and prime ministers in the years 1989–2023 49
7 Comparisonof the occurrence of selected security categories in the speeches of presidents and prime ministers 53
8 Selectednarratives participants of the parliamentary debate on the participation of the Polish Armed Forces in the operation in Iraq 65
9 Debateon the Sars-CoV-2 pandemics in terms of security 134
10 Migrationpolicy in the political program in 1990–1991 136
11 Selectedissues of Polish political discourse in light of the Classical Securitization Theory, Just Securitization Theory and Riskification Theory 158
A1 Elections,coalitions, governments, prime ministers and presidents in the Republic of Poland: 1989–2023 171
A2 Polishpolitical parties 173