This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder.
Cover illustration: designed by Cynthia Graeff. From the top left: Greek women pounding, 6th century BCE. Photography from the mid-20th century. Public Domain; Reconstruction drawing of the first phase with a hand-driven rotary mill. Courtesy of E. Koparal; Felt. Photo by Robert Hahn; Clepsydra with narrow neck. Images by Martin Klöckener, by permission; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, by Robert Hahn; An electrum stater of Miletus ca. 600–550 BCE. Photo by Robert Hahn; Drawing of Grecian female with dress, from Hope 1812, Plate 143. Public domain.
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at https://catalog.loc.gov
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 2590-1796
ISBN 978-90-04-69441-5 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-74197-3 (e-book)
DOI 10.1163/9789004741973
Copyright 2026 by William Wians and Robert Hahn. Published by Koninklijke Brill BV, Plantijnstraat 2, 2321 JC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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