Diplomacy and People: Contrasting Cases of the Two Koreasâ People-Empowerment Approaches to Diplomacy

HwaJung Kim

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Chapter 7 Diplomacy and People: Contrasting Cases of the Two Koreasâ People-Empowerment Approaches to Diplomacy

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HwaJung Kim

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Page Range:: 175â209

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004738324_009

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Summary

This chapter aims for a better understanding of domestic-public engagement in contemporary diplomacy. By comparing two contrasting cases of domestic-public engagement in diplomacy, namely the Arirang Mass Games of North Korea (an authoritarian country) and the Participatory Diplomacy Center of South Korea (a democratic country), the chapter seeks to answer the question: what makes for the distinctive characteristics of citizen participation in diplomacy in these two very different political contexts? To that end, a conceptual framework was developed by employing Empower Theory, and the two cases were analysed in terms of self-efficacy, knowledge, and competence. It was found that, while knowledge predetermines each countryâs diplomatic performance, self-efficacy and competence define that countryâs distinctive characteristics, according to the liberal or illiberal context. North Koreaâs highly effective performance, driven by the stateâs power over people, intensifies the government-people isomorphism, which, in turn, results in peopleâs disengagement from the countryâs foreign policy or global issues. This suggests that an engaged citizenry of an illiberal state can be seen as a means of coercion to force the general publicâs sacrifice for the countryâs survival. Contrastingly, South Koreaâs evolution of a diplomatic system enhancing the stateâs âpower with/from peopleâ facilitates the government/people alignment, which further facilitates peopleâs engagement with, and support for, the countryâs foreign policy and global issues. This implies that the existence of an engaged citizenry of a liberal country might mean that the general public should be informed and empowered through autonomous citizen participation.

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Home Engagement in Diplomacy

Global Affairs and Domestic Publics

ä¸ç¼ï¼ Diplomatic Studies, å·ï¼ 23

ISBN:: 9789004738324

åºçç¤¾:: Brill | Nijhoff

å°å·åºçæ¥æ:: 05 Feb 2026

Subjects
- International Relations
  - International Relations
  - Diplomatic Studies
- Social Sciences
  - Economics & Political Science
  - Global Studies

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Chapter 7 Diplomacy and People: Contrasting Cases of the Two Koreasâ People-Empowerment Approaches to Diplomacy

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Global Affairs and Domestic Publics

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Chapter 7 Diplomacy and People: Contrasting Cases of the Two Koreasâ People-Empowerment Approaches to Diplomacy

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