Index
abdication crisis (1936)
42–43
abolition (of war), abolitionism
xv, 2–4, 223
Abyssinia
123, 125, 126, 142, 162, 195, 298, 301, 304
aggression
3, 7, 8, 11, 20, 112, 115, 120, 123–130, 131n77, 137, 142, 162, 199, 257, 282, 287, 300–302, 323
Air Ministry
90, 196, 202–204, 212
Albert Hall, Royal
86n18, 122, 195, 298, 352
Allied Joint Declaration (1942)
354–355
America, Americans
5, 6n21, 14, 18, 20, 21, 42, 109n138, 140, 148, 168, 182, 207, 218, 219, 220, 222, 224, 235, 238, 239, 240, 244, 248, 250, 251, 275, 277, 280–281, 283, 286, 314, 351
United States
Americas xii
North America
6
Canada, United States
South America, Latin America
252, 358
American Red Cross (ARC)
238–239
Ames, William
De conscientia (1632)
114
Anderson, Sir John
105, 106, 226, 228, 229, 253
Anglicanism
50–51, 113–116, 262n28, 314
Anglican Evangelicals
38–40, 51, 151, 271
Anglican studies
xi–xii
Anglican Pacifist Fellowship (APF)
198, 308, 309, 316, 322, 329
Lambeth Palace meeting (1940)
203, 310–313, 315
Anglo-Catholics
34, 38–39, 41, 44, 73n119, 131, 135, 151, 155, 180, 182, 197, 313, 321, 327, 328
Anschluss (1938)
72, 75, 126, 162, 170
antisemitism
76, 81, 176, 178, 339, 340–345, 347–348, 355, 359, 364–366, 368, 378
apostasy
158, 169, 300–303, 306
appeasement
56, 81, 120n39, 126–127, 129, 130, 142, 145, 169, 185, 321
Appledoorn meeting (1940)
259
appointments, ecclesiastical
28, 33n41, 53, 92, 96, 97, 134, 193n1, 213, 265
Aquinas, St Thomas
5, 99n79, 114, 132n84, 133
Arandora Star
228, 230
arbitration
115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 124, 132, 140, 142, 257
Armenia
50, 195
armistice
First World War (1918)
86, 102, 119, 235, 236
Second World War (proposals for)
256, 257, 262, 264, 316
Armstrong, Walter
266
Army Chaplains Act (1868)
92
Army Chaplains’ Department (AChD)
92
Royal Army Chaplains’ Department (RAChD)
Article 37 (Articles of Religion)
113, 114, 124, 133, 136, 139, 303, 308–309, 315
Aryan Paragraph
54, 57
Association for a Democratic Germany
283
Athenaeum (London)
27, 62, 239, 245
Athens
243, 245n107
atrocities
13, 29, 172, 195–196, 276, 278, 338n96, 339, 354, 355, 368
Attlee, Clement
45, 76, 220
Augustine, St
4, 5, 7, 10, 20–21, 133, 160
Bainton, Roland H.
14–15, 20
Baldwin, Stanley
37–38, 42
Barmen Declaration (1934)
54, 64
Barnes, Ernest
39n73, 165, 238, 294, 304, 313–314
Sermon ‘Blessed are the Peacemakers’ (1936)
303
Barth, Karl
54, 56, 65, 74, 77, 78, 167n93, 178, 258, 318, 326, 370
Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (1922)
41, 153–154, 155
Letter from Switzerland to Great Britain (1941)
161–162, 169
Battle of Britain Sunday
90, 98, 209
Bavaria, regional church of
54, 58, 59, 61
Beaken, Robert
42, 61n56, 96, 164
Beales, A. C. F.
265
Bedale, Stephen, SSM
136, 196
Belgium
94, 117, 133n77, 151, 226, 235–236, 238–239, 240, 242–244, 245–246, 249–250, 255, 258, 261, 330, 333, 360
Belgian Red Cross
239
Bell, George
xiv–xvi, 1, 22, 52–53, 56–59, 62–66, 70–76, 78–79, 104, 112, 134, 138, 169, 175, 177, 188, 190, 192, 194–195, 200–202, 204, 206–207, 208–209, 214–215, 219–220, 222–226, 227–232, 240–246, 248, 252–254, 256, 258–261, 263, 268–271, 273–281, 283–287, 333, 346, 351, 357, 362, 364–367, 370–379
addresses
‘Humanity and the Refugees’, Lucien Wolf Lecture (1939)
77, 347n32
‘The Pope’s Five Peace Points’, Stoll Theatre (1943)
268
articles
‘The Church’s Function in War-Time’ (1939)
84, 163, 174, 197
‘A Visit to Sweden’ (1942)
277n100
‘The Background of the Hitler Plot’ (1945)
273n86
books
The War and the Kingdom of God (ed. 1915)
118, 152n31
Christianity and World Order (1940)
xiv, 1, 139–140, 160, 174–175, 177, 261–263, 365
Convocation addresses
‘The Threat to Civilisation’ (1942)
243n92, 277n101, 351
House of Lords speeches
‘On Refugee Problems’ (1938)
75
‘Peace Mediation’ (1939)
258n6
‘Internment of Aliens’ (1940)
230n21
‘Germany and the Hitlerite State’ (1943)
278–279
‘Obliteration Bombing’ (1944)
xvi, 210–214, 372, 374
‘Occupation of Germany’ (1944)
285n138
‘The Peace Settlement’ (1944)
285n140
‘The Refugee Problem’ (1943)
360
‘Unifying Forces of Europe’ (1944)
286–287
Bell, Stuart
31, 47n107, 188
Bentley, G. B.
135–136
Bentwich, Helen
63
Berggrav, Eivind
258–260
Berlin
54, 56–57, 59–62, 67–69, 72–73, 75, 173, 211, 215, 259, 274, 339
Bermuda Conference (1943)
359–360
Berry, Sidney
91
Best, Geoffrey
6n18, 203
Biggar, Nigel
6, 114n11, 114n12, 115n15
Bigwood, Edouard Jean
239
Bisschop, W. R.
280, 284–285
bishops’ war committee
101, 102, 105, 107, 214
Bismarck, Otto von (diplomat)
59–60
blackout regulations
105–106
Blitz
89, 198, 201–203, 217, 272–273, 331
blockade
First World War
156, 236–237, 243, 247, 251
Second World War
xvi, 10, 193, 226, 235–254, 333–334, 370, 373–374, 378–379
Blomberg, Werner von
68, 80n151
Board of Deputies of British Jews
76, 351
Boegner, Marc
72, 245, 259, 340
Boer War
116, 149, 193n1
bombing
area
xiv, 10, 199n32, 204, 205, 207, 216, 218, 219
city
193, 198, 199–200, 220, 222, 223, 224
night
10, 193, 200–202, 204
obliteration
10, 134, 211, 234, 338, 372, 374
precision
198, 199, 207, 218, 371
saturation
218, 333
strategic
193, 199, 206
tactical
199, 21
targeted cities and towns
Belgrade
200, 207
Berlin
202, 211, 215
Cologne
204, 205, 206–207
Dresden
211, 222–223
Freiburg
194
Guernica
195–196
Hamburg
207, 211, 213, 221, 338n96
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
219, 338n96
London
202
Lübeck and Rostock
204, 326
Rome
213
Rotterdam
207
Shanghai
195
Tokyo
338n96
Blitz
Bombing Restriction Committee (BRC)
205, 206, 213, 216, 217, 219, 333
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich
56, 65, 77, 78, 262, 274, 275, 276, 283
Book of Common Prayer
146, 147, 150
proposed Prayer Books (1927–1928)
32, 34, 38–40, 41, 95
deposited book
Bracken, Brendan
189
Braithwaite, Constance
291
Breitenberg, E. Harold
376
Brinson, Charmian
232
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
27, 37, 85, 88, 89, 109, 268, 272, 277–279
Religious Broadcasting Division
270, 361
British Christians, British Christianity
16, 22, 27, 43, 47, 49, 50, 58, 61, 73, 79n146, 81, 117, 124, 127, 155, 162, 166, 175, 184, 193, 226, 267, 269, 270, 327, 340, 342, 358, 368, 369, 371, 373, 378, 379
British Commonwealth
75, 89, 382
British Constitution
36, 40, 42, 47, 86, 108–109
British Empire
69, 88, 89, 149, 195, 303, 356, 358
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
93–94, 96
Brittain, Vera
xv, 223, 238, 241, 246–248, 249n129, 250–253, 299, 306, 317, 327, 332–336, 338, 371
Humiliation with Honour (1942)
334–336
‘Letter to Peace-Lovers’
220, 332–333, 338n95
One of these Little Ones (1943)
246–247
Seed of Chaos: What Mass Bombing really Means (1944)
216–220, 224, 374
Testament of Youth (1933)
332
Brodetsky, Selig
351, 353, 356
bystanders, bystander scholarship
339, 362–364, 367
Cambridge, University of
25, 26, 115, 154, 182, 221, 292, 294, 302, 313, 317
Cammaerts, Émile
239, 239n70
Canada
xii, 228, 230, 232, 240, 244, 359
Carr, E. H.
xiv, 138n11
Carter, Henry
259, 347, 353, 356, 357, 361
Catchpool, Corder
200, 217, 219, 374
Catlin, George
332, 334
Catholic Relief Act (1829)
25
Caxton Hall conference (1944)
250
Ceadel, Martin
3–4, 296, 300, 336, 337
Cesarani, David
342
Chadwick, Owen
65, 68, 79, 80, 377
Chamberlain, Neville
112, 144, 197, 261, 288
Chandler, Andrew
xv, 53, 55, 61, 63, 67, 128, 129, 202, 212, 276, 372–373
chaplaincy
contrasted with prophecy
375
military chaplains, chaplaincies
31–32, 84, 92–99, 109–110, 370
Chaplain General
93, 95, 96, 97
Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Robert Cecil)
238–239
Cherwell, Lord (Frederick Lindemann)
204
Child, Maurice
197
chivalry
17–18, 171–174, 186, 187–189, 218, 370
Christendom
66, 67, 158, 173, 181, 186, 187, 262, 330, 335, 365
post-Christendom
287
Christendom Group
44, 180, 182
Christian civilisation
17, 40–42, 45, 49, 77, 98, 158, 184–187, 190, 195, 262, 287, 364–366, 370, 373, 379
Western civilisation
Christian social ethics / teaching
xii, 35–36, 44, 184, 190, 266
Christian socialism
34–36, 44
Christian Social Movement
153
Christian Social Union (CSU)
34
Chronicle of Convocation
202, 234
Convocations
Church Assembly
32–34, 38–40, 47, 53, 57, 65–66, 71, 130, 304–305, 341, 345, 364
church bells
103, 106–108, 111, 373, 374
church buildings
25–26, 27
military use of
84, 103–106, 110–111, 370
Church Times
74, 129–130, 199
Church’s Mission to the Jews (CMJ)
348, 349, 366
Church of Sweden
xii, 47, 60
Archbishop of Uppsala
72, 87, 236n52, 258, 342, 245n102, 357, 360
Sweden
Churchill, Winston S.
36–37, 88–91, 108, 127, 155, 177, 189, 203–204, 207, 213, 222–223, 226–227, 233–235, 236n51, 237, 238, 244, 245, 251, 252, 253, 260, 261, 269–270, 272, 275, 284, 356, 361–362, 374
Church in the Furnace, The (1917)
31
clergy exemption from conscription / combatant service
84, 99–103, 110–111, 270
Cline, Catherine Ann
56
Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB)
235–236, 240
Cockin, Frederick
158–160
Cold War
13, 280n112
collective security
3, 120, 122–123, 297, 299
Collins, L. John
220–222
Committee to Abolish Night Bombing
200–201
Commons, House of
26, 37, 38, 39, 94, 107, 228, 231, 233, 234, 240n76, 247n117, 284, 288, 296, 354,
concentration camps
61–62, 70, 72, 160, 186, 193n1, 230
Concordat of German Reich and Hol see (1933)
49, 53, 70
Conference on Christian Politics, Economics and Citizenship (COPEC, 1924)
34–36, 48, 120–121, 317–318, 320
Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche)
49, 54–56, 58–59, 62, 63–65, 70–74, 76, 78–79, 81, 180, 231, 273
conscience
4, 6, 30, 57, 98, 101, 114, 115, 131, 135, 136, 152, 154, 159, 190, 212, 220, 221, 225, 289–291, 296, 308, 312, 249, 366
‘conscience of the nation’
47, 183, 374, 379
freedom of conscience
70, 78, 304, 366
religious freedom
conscientious dissent
290–291
conscientious objection
133, 140, 289, 291–294, 303, 308, 317
exemption categories
First World War
292–293
Second World War
288–289
conscientious objectors (COs)
29, 102, 241n80, 311, 316, 337, 378, 379
First World War
293
Second World War
288–289
conscription
78, 93, 99, 110, 111
April 1918 crisis
100–101
tribunals
Military Service Act (1916), Military Training Act (1939), Militia Act (1757), National Service (Armed Forces) Act (1939)
First World War
293
Second World War
288
Constantinian settlement
4, 124, 318
pre-Constantinian Church
4
Convocations
32, 33n39, 39
Canterbury
52, 93, 130, 194, 201–202, 204, 233–235, 243–244, 253, 260, 269–270, 351, 374
York
127, 308–309, 321
Chronicle of Convocation
Cooper, Alfred Duff
272, 302, 304
Council for a Democratic Germany
283
Council on Foreign Relations, Church of England (CFR)
52, 55, 57–58, 71, 74, 244
Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ)
339, 347–350, 351, 353–354, 356, 360, 361, 365, 366
Cranborne, Lord (Robert Gascoyne-Cecil)
212, 240, 266, 277, 284
Cripps, Sir Stafford
45, 220, 221, 222, 234, 275
crisis theology
153–154, 157, 162, 270
cross (of Christ)
164, 174, 179, 302, 303, 319, 321, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, 336
crusade, crusades
14–17, 18, 87, 91, 171–174, 185, 187, 188, 190–192, 343
Czechoslovakia, Czechs
8, 112–113, 126, 127–131, 138, 142, 143–144, 162, 170, 175, 185, 208, 213, 250, 259
D-Day landings
90–91, 98, 191, 256, 283
Dackson, Wendy
364
Dahlem, Synod of (1934)
59
Daily Mail
212
Daily Telegraph
95, 212, 257
Dakers, Andrew
246–247
Daladier, Édouard
112, 144
Danzig
136
Darnley, Earl of (Peter Bligh)
258
Davidson, Randall
29, 30, 33, 35, 36–37
Reply to the Appeal of German Theologians (1914)
117–118
Davies, D. R.
215, 326, 327
On to Orthodoxy (1939)
41n79, 175, 178–180
Dawley, Powel Mills
138, 140n119
‘The Conditions of a Just War’ (1940)
135, 140–141
Dawson, Christopher
175–176, 185, 265, 271
Beyond Politics (1939)
176
December 1940 Joint Letter
266–270, 271, 286
Deedes, Wyndham
61–62
Deissmann, Adolf
236
Demant, V. A.
175, 180, 180n51, 206
The Religious Prospect (1939)
175, 180–182
de-Nazification
283, 286
re-education
Denmark
58, 258, 261
deposited book (1927–1928)
38, 39, 40n75
Der Stürmer
53
Dieppe (British raid on, 1942)
232, 233
Dillistone, F. W.
301, 319
disestablishment, disestablished churches
XIIn5, 24, 25, 33, 34, 39, 83, 85n11, 151
establishment
District Churches Act (1843)
25
divine judgement
xv, 23, 143, 145, 149, 151–153, 154, 155, 157, 160–162, 167–169
Don, Alan
61, 69, 101, 102, 128, 135, 196, 228, 305, 312
Dresden
211, 222, 338n96
Drucker, Peter F.
xiv, 175, 176
The End of Economic Man (1939)
175, 176–178
Duggan, Lawrence G.
99
Dulles, John Foster
280
Duncan-Jones, Arthur
56–57, 71, 72, 113, 127, 128, 209
Struggle for Religious Freedom in Germany (1937)
73–74, 78
Durham
Cathedral
68, 68n97
University of
25, 67n91
Henson, Herbert Hensley
Easterman, A. L.
351, 361
ecclesiology
219, 327, 329
ecumenism, ecumenical movement
xi, xiv, 12, 36, 47, 50, 56, 71, 72, 74, 82, 87, 96, 120, 130, 144, 161, 163, 185, 274, 345, 346, 356, 372, 376n9, 378
Eden, Anthony
68,106–107, 226, 239–240, 244–245, 246, 248, 275–278, 284, 353–354, 356, 360, 367
Edinburgh
86n18, 275
Faith and Order Conference (1937)
72
Education Acts
of 1902
26
of 1944
45–46
Edward VII, King
29
Edward VIII (Duke of Windsor)
42–43
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
191, 280n112
El Alamein
89, 98, 108
Elibank, Viscount (Arthur Murray)
228
Eliot, T. S.
40, 40n77, 44n88, 175, 182–184, 273
The Idea of a Christian Society (1939)
175, 182–194
Ellis, Edith Maud
266
Enabling Act (1919)
32–34
Enlightenment (seventeenth century)
3, 16, 177n34
Episcopal Church in the United States
269, 314
Erastianism
83, 85, 95–96, 109
establishment, established Church
xii, 24, 25–28, 214, 300, 372
disestablishment
European unity
286–287
famine
xvi, 77, 146, 148, 169, 238, 247
Famine Relief Committee (FRC)
241–253
Fanø, Denmark
58
Faringdon, Lord (Gavin Henderson)
230
Faulhaber, Michael von
70
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America
72, 280
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FoR)
218, 292, 316
Fellowship of the Transfiguration
220, 221
Final Solution
13, 340
genocide
Finkenwalde
65, 77
Fisher, Geoffrey
39n73, 91–92, 105, 107, 205, 213–214, 234, 272, 314, 362, 374
Foley, Thomas
206
Food Relief Campaign (Peace Pledge Union)
238, 242, 246, 248–249, 249n129, 253, 333
food shortages
226, 237, 247, 251
Foot, Dingle
239, 241
Ford, John, SJ
‘The Morality of Obliteration Bombing’ (1944)
234–235
Foreign Office
British
244, 245n101, 272–273, 275–276, 279, 284, 339, 353–354, 356, 361
German (Auswärtiges Amt)
58, 60, 62, 67, 80–81, 259, 274, 275
First World War
194, 218, 332
Anglican chaplains in
94, 295
food relief
236
France
French Reformed Church
60, 72, 245n103, 259
Boegner, Marc
inter-war period
appeasement of Germany
161
German demands for military parity with
122
loss of Soviet Union as potential ally (1939)
137
security guarantee to Poland (1939)
130
Sudeten crisis and Munich agreement (1938)
112, 128
pre-twentieth century
crusades
16, 16n48
French Revolution
14, 149, 257
Henry VIII expedition (1544)
146
Napoleonic Wars
Second World War
Anglo-French declaration of war (1939)
88, 131, 137, 142, 154, 171, 210, 259
blockade of France
237
bombing of civilians
211
deportations of Jews
351
episcopal visitations to BEF (1940)
96, 98
fall of France (1940)
88, 139, 198, 229, 261, 272, 310, 331,
food relief
238–241, 247–249
food shortages
243
rescue of Jewish children
360, 361
Vichy regime
240, 241, 248, 341
Free Churches
34, 37, 50, 64, 95, 231, 241, 256, 270–272, 292
Free Churches Moderator
87–88, 91, 137, 266, 348, 351, 352
Free Church Federal Council
266
Free Church National Council
86
Nonconformism, Nonconformists
Friends, Society of
75, 292, 316, 336
Friends Ambulance Unit
314
Friends House, London
241
Friends Relief Service
252
Quakers
Gandhi, Mahatma (Mohandas K.)
3, 249n129, 297
Garbett, Cyril Forster
Bishop of Winchester
103, 128, 195–196, 201–202
Archbishop of York
90, 98, 108, 166–167, 190–192, 196, 207–208, 223, 286, 362, 273
Geneva
122, 195, 232, 269, 273, 275, 276, 343
Geneva Convention
232, 233, 254n150
Geneva Disarmament Conference
297
Switzerland
genocide
168, 190, 340, 350, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 369, 371, 378, 379
UN Convention on (1948)
12
Final Solution
Gentili, Alberico
5, 10, 11, 114, 115
George III, King
148
George V, King
29, 41, 42, 86, 87, 88,
George VI, King
42, 68, 87, 137, 144, 191
German Church Struggle (Kirchenkampf)
49, 53–55, 77–79, 80, 270
German Christian (Deutsche Christen) Movement
53–55, 56, 60, 61, 64, 71, 73, 74, 78
German Evangelical Church
59, 125, 357
German High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht)
80n151, 232, 233
German Regional Churches (Landeskirchen)
53, 54, 58, 59, 64
Gifford Lectures
124, 185, 341, 342
Gill, Eric
299, 316
Gillet, Lev
346–347
Gliddon, C. P.
308, 310, 312, 313
Glover, Jonathan
222
Godesburg Declaration
340–341
Godfrey, William
245, 266
Goebbels, Joseph
201, 222, 279
Goering, Herman
222, 339
Gollancz, Victor
357
The Yellow Spot (1936)
67
Let my People Go (1942)
355
Good Samaritan, Parable of
358–359, 359n90, 361, 369
Gore, Charles
34, 37, 174, 193n1, 293
governments-in-exile
Allied
220, 238, 239, 245, 249
Belgian
239n70, 240, 242, 243, 246
Polish
350
Greece
xii, 131n77, 226, 238, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 250, 251, 255, 333, 373
Greek Orthodox Church
86, 87, 245
Green, Peter
22
‘The Humiliation of War’ (1915)
118–119, 152
Grigg, P. J.
97
Grimley, Matthew
41, 185
Grotius, Hugo
1, 1n1, 5, 11, 114, 115,
Grotius Society
1, 280
Grosvenor House meeting (1941)
347, 349
Guardian, The
74, 138, 138n109, 172
Gutteridge, Richard
340, 363–364
Gwynne, Llewellyn Henry
94, 96
Hadham, John (pen name of James Parkes)
God in a World at War (1940)
161
Hague Conferences (1899, 1907)
5, 116, 173, 194, 284–285
Hahn, Kurt
61
Haig, Douglas
94, 97
Haigh, Mervyn
102n98, 199, 234
Halifax, Lord (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood)
106, 197, 213, 237, 257, 259, 260, 266
Hall, David Ian
222
Hall, Joseph
114, 133
Cases of Conscience (1654)
115
Hamburg
207, 211, 213, 221, 338n96
Hammond, Henry
309
Practical Catechism (1644)
114
Hampson, Daphne
58–61, 79n146, 80, 81
Harris, Sir Arthur
204, 208n83, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223
Hartill, Percy
xv, 198, 200, 203, 223, 304, 308–309, 310–311, 315, 317, 321–322
Pacifism and Christian Common Sense (1938)
322–324
Article XXXVII and War (1940)
309
Into the Way of Peace: By Communicants of the English Church (1940)
324–325
On Earth Peace: By Communicants of the English Church (1944)
325–327
Hastings, Adrian
4, 36, 40, 45, 134, 337, 364
Hastings, Sir Max
xiv, 197, 222
Headlam, Arthur Cayley
52, 55, 56, 57, 60, 65, 71, 73–74, 79, 210, 258n7, 260
Heckel, Theodor
57, 58, 273
Heidelberg, University of
66–67
Heine, Heinrich
179, 179n45
Henderson, Sir Nevile
72–73
Henry VIII, King
146
Henson, Herbert Hensley
xiv, 33, 35, 39, 66–69, 73–74, 78, 79, 81, 113, 123, 126–127, 128, 189, 192, 262–263, 302, 303, 339, 347n32, 365–366, 373, 377
Abyssinia: Reflections of an Onlooker (1936)
123, 195
Christian Morality (1936)
124, 185, 262, 341–343
Last Words in Westminster Abbey (1941)
186–187, 189–190
Retrospect of an Unimportant Life (Vol. 2, 1943; Vol. 3, 1950)
342–343, 342n15
The Good Fight (1940)
185–186
Hertz, Joseph
88, 89, 347–348, 347n32, 349–350
Hess, Rudolph
70
Heydrich, Reinhard
339
Hicks, Edward Lee
116, 117
High Wycombe (Bomber Command Headquarters)
220, 221, 222
Hilberg, Raul
Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders (1992)
362–363
Himmler, Heinrich
260, 276
Hinsley, Arthur
76, 87, 88, 234, 235, 244–245, 246, 265–268, 270–272, 351, 352, 354, 356
Hitler, Adolph
49, 53–56, 60–65, 68, 72–73, 80–81, 112, 122, 126–131, 137, 140, 143–144, 156–157, 160, 162, 179–180, 184n65, 186, 200, 202, 221, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 237, 258, 259, 260, 269, 276, 277, 285, 288, 297, 302, 316, 317, 321, 331, 335, 351, 354, 358, 359, 371, 372, 378
assassination plot
78, 256, 273–275, 278–279, 281, 283–284
Mein Kampf (1925)
54, 71, 126
Hitlerite state
212, 277, 278–279, 281, 283, 355
Hobbes, Thomas
19, 121
Hobhouse, Stephen
216
Hobson, J. A.
116
Hodgson, Leonard
136
Hoesch, Leopold von
60–61, 67
Holland
258, 259, 330
Netherlands
Holland, Henry Scott
116, 173
Holy Land
15, 16n48, 173
Israel, Palestine
Holy Spirit
159n56, 319, 324, 326
holy war
1, 14–17, 23, 29, 171–175, 185–187, 188–191
crusade
Home Office
76, 89, 91, 103–106, 110–111, 229–231, 353
Hone, Campbell
213, 250
Hoover, Herbert
236, 238–240, 243, 248
Hordern, Hugh
106
Hore-Belisha, Leslie
103
Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn
41, 154, 167n93
House, Francis
361
Hudson, Noel
96, 96n61, 197–198
Hughes, Frederick Llewellyn
97–98
Hughes, Michael
118
humanism (Renaissance)
3, 179
humanitarian intervention
11–13, 130
humiliation, days of fasting and
89, 146, 149, 151–152, 154–155
national prayers
Hungary
176, 357, 361–362
Huyton (internment camp)
227, 229, 231
ideological war
14–15, 175
wars of religion, total war
Incarnation, incarnational theology
156, 318, 345, 369, 378–380
Industrial Christian Fellowship (ICF)
36, 37
Interdenominational Advisory Committee on Chaplaincy (IAC)
94
Interdenominational World Evangelical Alliance
151
Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (ICR)
359
International Christian Committee for Refugees
74
international law
1, 6, 114, 115, 123, 126, 138, 170, 197, 210, 217, 224, 226, 262, 295, 322
jus gentium
International Red Cross (IRC)
240, 248, 249, 252
international relations theory
xiv, 49, 282
International Student Service (ISS)
343
internment (of enemy aliens)
10, 193, 226–232, 253–254, 370, 373
Ireland
28, 86, 87, 100, 100n86, 228, 271n74
Church of
xii, 24, 33, 85n11
Northern Ireland
Iremonger, Frederick
166
Isle of Man
227–232
Israel
14, 147–148, 303, 341
Holy Land, Palestine
Jäger, August
58–61, 80
Jameson, Margaret Storm
299, 317
Jarvis, A. C. E.
95
Jesus Christ
2, 22, 121, 145, 295, 299, 303, 311, 319–320, 324, 326, 332, 341–342, 344–346, 350
cross, Incarnation
Jewish-Christian relations
52–53, 63–64, 66–67, 76–77, 161, 339–350, 364–369, 371
British antisemitism
76, 339–343
Christian anti-Judaism
343, 365–366
Church Mission to the Jews (CMJ), Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ), Society of Jews and Christians
Jewish Historical Society of England
1, 77, 347n32
Jews
66, 161, 340–350, 364, 365, 366, 368
British
13, 24, 25, 47, 52, 66, 87, 92, 241, 339, 347, 351, 353, 354, 371
Hungarian
361–362
In German Reich / occupied Europe
13, 49, 52, 53, 63, 65, 67, 69, 73, 76, 81, 129, 130, 160, 175, 176, 178, 186, 190, 208, 213, 274, 279, 282, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 350, 352, 354, 361, 363, 364, 368, 370
deportation and murder
168, 339, 350–351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 339, 355, 358, 360, 363, 364, 365
refugees
xvi, 49, 63, 74, 75, 77, 227, 353, 355, 358, 359
rescue advocacy
13, 339, 351, 354, 355, 257, 358, 359, 367, 368, 369, 371, 372, 374, 378
Russian
50
Board of Deputies of British Jews, Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ), Jewish-Christian relations, Jewish Historical Society of England, Judaism, Society of Jews and Christians, World Jewish Congress
Johnson, James Turner
6, 15, 17, 173
Judaism
77, 168, 339–348, 350, 364–366
Jews
jus ad bellum
6–8, 11, 14–15, 20, 113–114, 118–119, 127–129, 132, 138, 140–142, 256, 370
just cause
7–8, 11, 15, 114–115, 118–119, 122, 127, 140, 142, 167, 260
right intention
7–8, 15, 114, 118, 119, 135, 139, 142
legitimate authority
7–8, 15, 114, 119, 122, 132, 139, 141
formal declaration
7–8, 119, 139
last resort
7–8, 118, 119, 120, 122, 129, 139, 140, 142, 321
probability of success
7–8, 119, 141, 142
proportionality of ends
7–8, 119, 129, 142
jus gentium
6
international law
jus in bello
xv, 1, 6, 8–10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 20, 115, 132, 134, 140, 173, 194, 200, 210, 223, 224, 253–254, 370, 379
discrimination
9, 211, 254
non-combatant immunity
9, 194, 203, 219
double effect
9, 19, 194, 205, 254
proportionality of means
9, 132, 200, 210, 223
jus post bellum
6, 8, 10–11, 14, 256, 287, 371
just war tradition
4–6, 9–10, 14–15, 19–22, 119, 128, 133–134, 141, 171, 173, 223–224, 256, 379
jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum
Kaeuper, Richard W.
17–18
Kelham Theological College
136, 196
Kelly, Tobias
291–292
Kent, John
260, 341, 372
Kerrl, Hans
64–65, 73, 340
Kershner, Howard E.
248–249, 251–252
Kershner Plan
249, 250, 252
Kirk, Kenneth E.
135, 213, 289–291
Kitchener, Lord (Horatio Herbert Kitchener)
93–94
Koontz, Theodore J.
2–4
Krause, Reinhold
54
Kristallnacht
76, 129–130, 175
Kushner, Tony
340, 363, 368
Labilliere, Paul de
102n98, 144
Labour, Ministry of
101, 102
Labour Party
45, 48, 95, 221, 296, 297, 334n75
Lamberti, Marjorie
282
Lambeth
Conferences
39n71, 51, 117, 120, 121, 295
Resolution 25 (1930)
295, 302, 303, 315, 317
Palace
60, 62, 69, 72, 83, 83n5, 87, 98, 105, 130, 144, 197, 198, 204, 208, 258, 269, 305, 361
Lang, Cosmo Gordon
Archbishop of Canterbury
xiv, 39, 42–43, 50–53, 56–57, 60–63, 65–66, 68–69, 71–72, 74, 76, 78–79, 87–89, 96, 98–99, 101–102, 104–107, 110, 112–113, 123, 126–128, 130–131, 135–137, 143–146, 150, 153, 164, 166, 171, 195–197, 200–203, 212, 226, 228–231, 237, 253–254, 257–259, 266–272, 288, 303, 305, 310–313, 343, 373, 374, 377
Archbishop of York
29, 294
in retirement
212, 286
Lansbury, George
296, 297, 298, 337
Laski, Neville
76
Law, Bonar
30
law enforcement
123, 126, 322
Law, Richard
353–354, 359
Lawson, Tom
63, 129, 130, 339, 374
The Church of England and the Holocaust (2006)
364–366
Le Messurier, R. H.
310–311
League of Nations
7, 64, 121–122, 141–142, 145, 195–196, 203, 264, 296, 297, 301, 323
Covenant
119, 120, 299
League of Nations Union (LNU)
239, 297–298, 332
legislation
ecclesiastical
28
parliamentary
26, 45–46, 83, 100, 183
Army Chaplains Act (1862), Catholic Relief Act (1829), District Churches Act (1843), Education Acts (1902, 1904), Enabling Act (1919), Military Service Act (1916), Military Training Act (1939), Militia Act (1757), National Service (Armed Forces) Act (1939), New Churches Bill (1818), Parliament Act (1911), Test Act (1828), Toleration Act (1689), Universities Tests Act (1871), Vaccination Act (1898)
Leibholz, Gerhard
283–284
Lewis, C. S.
40, 40n77, 131–134, 135, 136, 158n50, 187–188, 189, 206, 220, 299
‘The Conditions for a Just War’ (1939)
132–134
‘The Need for Chivalry’ (1940)
187–188
liberal internationalism
7, 12, 120, 122, 129, 301
liberalism
41, 180, 181, 318
Modernism
Liddell Hart, Basil
xiv, 193n2, 202, 209, 212–214
Lieber, Francis
5
Life and Liberty Movement
33
Life and Work
Council
56–58
Oxford Conference (1937) see Oxford Life and Work Conference
Stockholm Conference (1925)
36
Lincoln Theological College
128, 135
Litany, the
30, 84, 143, 146
Little, James
154
Lloyd, Lord George
113
Lloyd-George, David
37
Local Defence Volunteers (LFV)
102, 111
Londonderry, Lord (Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart)
68
Lords, House of
xvi, 26, 27, 33, 36, 38, 50, 52, 75, 100, 108, 113, 123, 126, 127, 131, 165, 194, 195, 202n43, 204, 209, 210, 215, 224, 226, 227, 228, 230, 232, 240, 250, 252, 253, 257, 258, 260, 269, 273, 277, 278, 282, 285, 286, 288, 293, 294, 343, 351, 357, 358, 360, 364, 366, 367, 372, 373, 377
Louvain, University of
139
Lusitania, RMS
29, 172, 226, 236
Lutheranism
53, 55, 64, 78, 245n102
Church of Sweden, German Evangelical Church
Luther, Martin
21, 54
Luytens, Sir Edwin
206
Macaulay, Rose
299, 306, 317
MacDonald, A. J.
71
MacDonald, James
64
MacKinnon, Donald
44n88, 206, 377
Mallet, Victor
274–275
Malvern Conference (1941)
43–45, 43n88, 48
Manchuria
122, 142, 161, 296
Manichaeism
301
Mapel, David R.
xiiin8, 19–20
Marahrens, August
54, 64, 260
Marcionism
301, 327
Marrin, Albert
xin2, 30n26, 151, 171, 172
Marrus, Michael, The Holocaust in History (1987)
362
Marty, Martin E.
376–377
Mascall, E. L.
41
‘The Christian and the Next War’ (1939)
131–133, 135–136
This War … and the Christian (1939)
134n90, 155–157
Mathew, David
271n74, 353
Matthews, W. R.
137, 170
means-ends rationality
378–379
Meiser, Hans
54, 59–61, 61n56
Merrivale, Lord (Henry Edward Duke)
61
military effectiveness
21, 130, 199–200, 204, 206, 207, 215, 247, 323–324
military necessity
10, 20, 100, 103, 206, 213, 226, 229, 240, 253, 255, 324, 329, 373
Military Service Act (1916)
292
Military Training Act (1939)
101n90, 288
Militia Act (1757)
291
milk, dried
226, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 247, 249, 251
Milne, A. A.
317
Milner-White, Eric
88, 89, 164, 165
Ministry of Economic Warfare (MEW)
226, 237, 237n56, 239, 241–243, 245–248, 250–251
Modernism, theological
41, 313, 327
Montgomery, Bernard
90, 97–98
Moot, The
44, 180, 182
Moderator
Church of Scotland
50, 86, 87, 88, 137, 266, 348, 352
Free Churches
88, 91, 137, 266, 348, 351, 352
moral theology
115, 135, 141, 213, 289, 290, 309
Morris, Stuart
241, 306, 314, 316
Morrison, Herbert
91, 220, 231–232, 351–352, 367
Morrison, Sybil
297n33, 333
Mozley, J. B.
Sermon on ‘War’
115–116
Müller, Ludwig
53–54, 56–60, 64, 80
Munich
59, 70, 211,
Crisis and Agreement (1938)
8, 87, 112, 113, 127–131, 137, 142, 144, 164, 170, 175, 182
Murray, Gilbert
62n60, 238
Murry, John Middleton
44n88, 238, 230n129, 333
Muslims
51, 88, 173, 191, 359
Mussolini, Benito
112, 123, 144, 269, 302, 321
Napoleonic Wars
14, 149, 257
Napthine, D.
147
National Committee for a Free Germany (NKFD)
281
National Committee on Rescue from Nazi Terror (NCRNT)
357–359, 362
National Mission of Hope and Repentance (1916)
32, 153
national prayers, days of prayer
30, 84–92, 109, 144, 145, 146–147, 150, 151, 155, 162, 164, 370, 374
National Prayers: Special Worship since the Reformation, Vol. 3 (2020)
85, 151
humiliation, days of fasting and
national security
226, 228, 229, 254, 255, 372, 373
National Service (Armed Forces) Act (1939)
288
natural moral law
6, 19, 152, 168, 180, 224, 265, 290
natural order
150, 320
natural theology
64, 154, 319
navigational certificates (navicerts)
237, 242
non-aggression pacts
Nazi-Soviet (1939)
88
Polish-German (1934)
137, 288
neo-orthodoxy
41, 169, 318
Barth, crisis theology
Netherlands
131n77, 236n50, 250
Holland
Neurath, Konstantin von
59–60, 80n151
New Churches Bill (1818)
25
Niebuhr, Reinhold
22, 113, 122, 122n41, 158, 178, 180, 281–283, 285–286, 318, 325, 326, 327, 338, 370, 377
Moral Man and Immoral Society (1932)
21–22, 41, 119
An Interpretation of Christian Ethics (1935)
22
‘Why the Christian Church is not Pacifist’ (1939)
306–307
Niemöller, Martin
54, 56, 59, 72–74, 77–80
non-Aryans
49, 54, 57, 63–65, 71, 73–76, 175, 227, 231, 341, 343, 357
non-combatants
9–10, 20, 100, 110, 115, 132, 141, 194, 199, 207, 224, 254, 254n150
non-combatant service
288n3, 289, 293, 311
Nonconformists
24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 93, 124, 148, 271
Free Churches
non-intervention
12–13, 117
nonviolence
2, 94, 308
nonviolent resistance
2, 3, 297
Norman, Edward R.
34, 34n48
Northern Ireland
38n70, 39, 154, 289n3
Norway
250, 258, 261, 330
Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
57
Nuremberg
laws (1935)
65–66, 274
trials (1945–1946)
12, 68, 276n94
Nye, Joseph
49
O’Donovan, Oliver
6
occupations, military
of Czechoslovakia (1939)
87, 131, 175
of Germany (1945)
256, 283, 284–287
of Greece (1941)
238
of Norway (1940)
260
of Vichy France (1942)
248
Old Testament
54, 147, 301, 320, 324, 327, 344, 348
wars
14, 320
Oldham, J. H.
58, 59, 162, 182, 376n9
Christian News Letter
277
Orend, Brian
10–11, 287
Orwell, George
219–220
Overy, Richard
108n83, 337
Owen, Leslie
97
Oxford
34, 174, 213, 289, 293
Famine Relief Committee (Oxfam)
253
Life and Work Conference (1937)
58, 71–72, 82–84, 108, 125–126, 163, 259n13, 319
five social principles of
266–268
University of
25, 26, 80, 114, 115, 116, 136, 173, 220, 221, 280, 283, 289, 303, 321, 332, 343, 344
pacifism, pacifists
xv, 1, 2–4, 14, 15, 22, 23, 29, 36, 95, 100, 102, 113, 120, 121, 123–124, 129, 131–132, 134–136, 134n90, 138, 140, 141, 165, 193, 198, 200–201, 216, 218, 220, 223, 224, 238, 241, 248, 249, 252, 253, 266, 288–315, 316–338, 370, 371, 374, 379
‘pacificism’
3, 294n23
abolitionism
Padre’s Hour
98
Palestine
357, 360
Holy Land, Israel
papal encyclicals
70, 262
parades, church
94, 98, 301
Parker, Stephen G.
xiin6, 46, 314, 374
Parkes, James
339, 343–347, 348, 357, 365, 376
‘A Christian Looks at Christian Mission to the Jews’ (Theology, 1944)
344–347
‘Christianity and Judaism—Conversion or Cooperation? (unpublished paper, 1942)
344–346
‘Christianity and the Conversion of the Jews’ (sermon, 1939)
344–345
God in a World at War (1940)
161–162, 168
‘The Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue’ (doctoral thesis, 1934)
343
The Jew and his Neighbour (1930)
343
‘The Massacre of the Jews: Future Vengeance or Present Help? (unpublished paper, 1943)
355
Parliament Act (1911)
26
passive resistance see nonviolence, nonviolent resistance
Pastors Emergency League (Pfarrernotbund)
54
Paton, William
228, 241, 259, 280, 340, 346
peace aims
11, 256–287, 371
Peace Aims Group
280–281, 281n117
jus post bellum
Peace Army
296–297
Peace Ballot
297–298, 297n34
Peace Pledge
297–298
Peace Pledge Union (PPU)
238, 241–242, 244n98, 246, 248–249, 249n129, 251–253, 288, 294, 298–299, 303, 305–306, 310, 314, 316–317, 332–333
peace settlements
31, 128, 130, 140, 142, 256–258, 261, 265, 287, 323
short term, interim, long term
257, 264–265, 285–286, 287
armistice, treaties, Treaty of Versailles
Peake, Osbert
228–229
Pedersen, Susan
367–368
Pelagianism
301
Pentecost (Whitsunday)
87, 320
Percival, John
116, 117
phoney war
140, 237, 257
Pius XI, Pope
87, 262n25, 347–348
Mit brennender sorge (1937)
70
Pius XII, Pope
200, 345, 261
five peace points (1939)
261–262, 266, 266n42, 268, 269
Pistol, Rachel
229
Plowman, Max
306
pneumatology
327
Holy Spirit
poison gas
29, 172, 177, 194, 195, 218, 320, 322, 326, 339, 355
Poland
8, 65n78, 131, 136–137, 136n100, 137n101, 158, 162, 170, 238, 241, 243, 250, 288, 350–351, 353–354, 355, 361–362
political effectiveness
3, 4, 57, 79, 81, 122, 123, 133, 161, 197, 268, 338, 372–373
political philosophy
xiv, 120, 261, 287
Portal, Sir Charles
204, 206, 207, 208, 222, 223
Portugal
239, 245, 246
post-Christendom, post-Christianity
287, 373
Prayer Book see Book of Common Prayer
prayers for victory
30, 89, 109, 146, 151, 162–167, 174
prisoners of war
193, 226, 232–235, 240, 255, 333, 374
Privy Council
85, 86, 88
prophecy
156, 179, 319, 375–376
false prophecy
128–129, 186
prophetic movements
306
prophetic witness see witness
providence
128, 145, 147, 148–150, 151, 152
public theology
376–379
Pufendorf, Samuel
5, 11
Pye, Edith
241, 243, 246, 251, 252
Quakers
124, 200, 241, 266, 291, 292, 295, 336
Friends, Society of
radio broadcasts
27, 37, 43, 64, 75, 87, 89, 99, 112, 123, 155, 232, 244, 272–273, 277, 307, 357, 361–362
Ramsey, Arthur Michael
41, 167
rationalism, rationalists
148, 149, 378
Rathbone, Eleanor
351–352, 357, 367
Raven, Charles E.
95, 100, 123, 294, 299, 301–302, 306, 310–311, 317–321, 322, 327, 371, 377
Is War Obsolete? (1935)
301, 317–319
‘The Religious Basis of Pacifism’ (1937)
319–321
War and the Christian (1938)
321
Reading, Lord (Rufus Daniel Isaacs)
76
realism, realists
200
Christian
xv, 1, 20–22, 23, 41, 118–119, 122, 134, 138, 141–142, 193, 214–216, 250, 263, 370
classical
19–20, 321n23
‘hard’ versus ‘soft’
20
military
20, 224
reason of state (raison d’état)
19, 336
re-education (German post-war)
167, 211, 264, 283, 286
de-Nazification
refugees
1, 13, 49, 61, 63–64, 74–75, 76, 77, 128, 227–230, 232, 254, 333, 334, 343, 352, 354–360, 362, 367, 371, 374, 378, 379
Reich Church (Reichskirche)
49, 53–60, 64, 72–74, 78, 273
Reith, John
37
Religion and Life Movement
272
religious freedom
25, 55, 57, 78, 271, 271n74, 272, 286, 366
conscience, freedom of
Renaissance
3, 97, 177, 179, 307, 327
reparations
11, 236, 274, 287
Representative Church Council
32–33
reprisals
29, 76, 173, 193, 194, 197, 198, 199, 201, 203, 205, 215, 226, 232, 233, 253, 254, 279
rescue
Jewish
13, 340, 351, 355, 357–360, 362–363, 367–369, 371, 374, 379
theology of
339, 369
responsibility to protect (R2P)
13, 339, 368, 371
retribution
203, 215, 270–271, 276, 355
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
62, 67–69, 72, 80
Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact (1939)
137
Rieger, Julius
78, 231
Robinson, Alan
92, 95, 96, 109–110
Roman Catholics, Roman Catholicism
1, 24, 27, 28, 35n49, 40, 41, 46, 49, 51, 53, 58, 60, 70, 77, 92, 93, 97, 100, 125, 132, 139, 175, 179, 224, 241, 256, 262, 265–272, 271n74, 274, 283, 286, 328, 336, 353, 256, 371
Romantic Movement, Romanticism
16–18, 171, 174, 370
Rome
59, 70, 213, 262, 270, 272
Roosevelt, Eleanor
218–219
Roosevelt, Franklin
207, 218, 238, 239–240, 251
Rose, Alfred
98, 105
Rosenberg, Alfred
60, 65, 71
Rothschild, Lord (Walter Rothschild)
76
Royal Air Force (RAF)
135–136, 193, 196–198, 202, 204, 206–207, 210, 212, 214, 216, 220, 223, 279
Bomber Command
198, 204, 207, 215, 220, 221
Royal Army Chaplains’ Department (RAChD)
92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 109
Army Chaplains’ Department (AChD)
Royal Navy
92, 97, 235, 237
Royden, Maude
296, 296n29, 298, 316
Ruhr valley
204, 307
Russell, Bertrand
299, 316–317
Russian Orthodox Church
41, 50, 87, 287
sabbath, sabbath-breaking
30, 152, 153
Salamanca
196
School of
133
Vitoria, Suárez
Salmond, Sir John
205
Sampson, Ashley
158, 206
sanctions
economic
120, 122, 123, 127, 264, 297, 298
military
123, 127, 297, 298
Sanderson, Robert
290
Sark (Channel Islands), British Raid on (1942)
233
Sassoon, Siegfried
174, 298, 299
Save the Children Fund
75, 252
Scandinavian churches
258, 259
Church of Sweden
Schönfeld, Hans
273–277
Schweitzer, Albert
326, 326n46
Scotland, Scots
28, 38n70, 39, 58, 90, 91, 149
Church of Scotland
50, 85, 86, 87, 88, 97, 109, 137, 149n22, 249, 259, 266, 348, 352
Scottish Episcopal Church
xiin3, 85n11, 88
Scott, Sir Walter
18, 187n75
Selborne, Lord (Roundell Cecil Palmer)
226, 242–243, 245–246, 249–252, 360
secularisation
xiii, xiv, 158, 176, 178, 184, 372, 373, 375, 379
post-Christendom, post-Christianity
sermon on the mount
2
sheep and goats, parable of the
362, 362n106, 369
Sheppard, H. R. L. (Dick)
33, 95, 123, 288, 294–306, 327, 332, 371, 376
The Impatience of a Parson (1927)
295
We Say No! The Plain Man’s Guide to Pacifism (1935)
95, 299–300, 301
Shirer, William L.
218–219
Siberry, Elizabeth
171
Simmons, Clare
174
Simon, Lord John
165, 279, 296
Simon, Ulrich
128–129
Simpson, Wallis
42
Simpson, William
350, 353–354
Sinclair, Sir Archibald
204, 208, 209
Singer, Charles
66, 75
Sixth Commandment
6, 114, 135n92, 322
Slack, Kenneth
213, 214
Smith, John Taylor
93, 93n46, 95
Snape, Michael
92, 110, 134
socialism
177, 292, 336
Christian socialism
Society of Jews and Christians
347
soft power
49–50, 79–81, 370
Somme, Battle of the (1916)
31, 94, 217n123
sovereignty
of God
41
national
12, 282
state
11–13, 114, 121, 332
Soviet Union
50, 95, 137, 184n64, 256, 282, 324, 331
Spain
236n50, 265n36, 275
crusades in
16n48, 16n51
religious freedom in
271n74
Spanish Armada
146–147
Spanish Civil War
125, 126, 162, 178, 195–196
Spanish neo-scholastics
5, 133
Speck, W. A.
147
Stalin, Joseph
274, 278, 279, 281
state services
147–148
Stauffenberg, Claus von
283–284
St James’, Piccadilly
33n41, 100, 118, 152
St Margaret’s, Westminster
30, 86, 86n18, 91
St Martin-in-the-Fields, London
27, 33n42, 73, 194
Stokes, Richard
205, 269
Stoll Theatre meetings (1941)
267–268, 269, 270
St Paul’s Cathedral
86n18, 89, 90, 91, 102, 137, 158n53, 170, 295, 313
strategic warfare
194
economic warfare, bombing
Streicher, Julius
53
Suárez, Francisco
5, 9, 10, 11, 114
submarines, submarine warfare
29, 195, 236
Lusitania, RMS
Sudetenland, Sudeten crisis
76, 112, 127, 128, 130, 143, 153
Sweden
Swedish government
250, 359–360
Swedish legation
357
Swedish newspapers
211, 217, 222
Swedish ships
240, 242, 244, 247
Visit of George Bell (1942)
242, 273–275, 284
Church of Sweden
Switzerland
65, 69, 77, 131n77, 162, 245, 246, 258, 276n94, 343, 351
Swiss government
233–235, 250
Swiss newspapers
217
Geneva
Sword of the Spirit
265–268, 271–272
Symons, C. Douglas
96–97
Sztójay, Döme
361
Talbot, Neville
61, 61n96
Temple Church, London
186–187
Temple, Frederick
149
Temple, William
xiv, xv, 11, 22, 134, 141, 163, 169, 188, 190, 192, 223, 287, 338, 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 376, 377
Archbishop of York
43–45, 44n94, 48, 61–62, 71, 79, 83, 88, 102–104, 106, 112, 122–123, 126, 127, 137, 138–139, 150, 155, 164–165, 195–199, 203, 237, 239–240, 256–257, 259–260, 266, 269–271, 280, 301, 303–308, 310–311, 315, 322, 327, 340–341, 347, 348
Archbishop of Canterbury
21, 22, 45–47, 89–91, 97, 98, 99, 110, 165–166, 202n43, 204–210, 212–216, 220, 226, 233–235, 241, 243–247, 250–251, 253–254, 281n117, 282, 346, 348–354, 356–362, 364–367, 369, 374, 378, 379
Bishop of Manchester
34–36, 120, 343
Life and Liberty Movement
33, 33n41
Vicar of St James, Piccadilly
118–119, 152, 168
Writings
Christianity and War (1914)
118
Church and Nation (1915)
100, 100n83
Christianity and the State (1928)
121
‘Pacifism and Heresy’ (1935)
301
Christ and the Way to Peace (1935)
122
‘Christian Faith and the Common Life’ (1937)
83, 125
A Conditional Justification of War (1940)
139, 215
Thoughts in War-Time (1940)
138–139, 155, 163–164
The Hope of a New World (1941)
263–265, 365
Christianity and Social Order (1942)
45
House of Lords Speeches
On Jewish Rescue (23 March 1943)
358–359
On Food Relief for Occupied Europe (15 March 1944)
250–251
Radio Broadcasts to Hungary (April, July 1944)
361–362
Test Act (1828)
25
Theology (journal)
131, 165, 344–347
Thicknesse, C. C.
91
Thompson, Rob
364
Thorndike, Dame Sybil
62n60, 316
Tillich, Paul
283
Times, The (newspaper)
50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 64, 66–67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 91, 107, 112, 122, 161, 182, 193n1, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 208, 229, 234, 248, 265, 266, 301–303, 340, 353, 356, 364
Toleration Act (1689)
291
Tomb of the Unknown Warrior (Westminster Abbey)
87, 145
total war
xiii, 14n40, 15, 48, 186, 212, 309, 337, 370
Toynbee, Arnold
xiv, 280
Trades Union Congress (TUC)
36
traditions, ethical
xiii, xiiin7, xiiin8, xv, 1, 23, 113, 223, 255
treaty, treaties
hypothetical future treaties
128, 257, 262, 280, 285
Treaty of London (1839)
117
Treaty of Versailles (1920)
56, 81, 87, 119–120, 126, 127, 156, 161, 235, 236, 256, 257
Trott, Adam von
275
Turkey
50, 195, 275
Tyerman, Christopher
16, 191
unconditional surrender
184n65, 284–285
Underhill, Evelyn
317, 327–231, 371
The Spiritual Life in Wartime (1939)
328
Meditation on Peace (1939)
328–329
The Church and War (1940)
329
‘Postscript’ to Hartill, Into the Way of Peace (1940)
329–330
letters
330–331
Union Theological Seminary, New York
279n70, 283, 377
United Nations (UN)
280n112
Charter (1945)
12
Convention on Genocide (1948)
12
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)
252
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
12
United States of America (USA)
3, 24, 33, 51n11, 72, 88, 113, 122, 161, 168, 176, 236n40, 238, 240, 248, 249, 257, 269, 280, 281, 282, 283, 331, 334, 356, 359, 371
Department of State
251
Senate
250
United States Army Air Force (USAAF)
207, 218–219
America, Americans
Universities Tests Act (1871)
25
Vaccination Act (1898)
291
Van Dusen, Henry
239, 239n70
Vansittart, Lord (Sir Robert Vansittart)
272–273, 278, 279, 281, 283, 285
Black Record: Germans Past and Present (1941)
272–273
Vatican
53, 245, 362
Pope Pius XI, Pope Pius XII, Rome, Roman Catholic Church
VE Day
91
via media
318
Anglicanism
Victoria, Queen
29, 149
Victorian Britain
31, 147
Victorian Church
377
Vidler, Alec
41n79, 131, 159, 162, 169, 177
God’s Judgement on Europe (1940)
157–158
Visser ’t Hooft, Willem
275–276, 280, 340–341
Vitamin D
251, 373
Vitoria, Francisco de
5, 9, 11, 114, 133, 136n96
Wales
28, 39, 86, 157
Church in
xiin3, xiin5, 64, 85n11, 88, 151, 356
Walker, Roy
238, 242, 248, 249n129, 250, 252
Walzer, Michael
6, 10, 173n14, 192
Wannsee conference (1942)
340
Wansey, J. C.
350
War Cabinet
106, 108, 227, 233, 275
war crimes trials, tribunals
11, 287
Nuremberg
War Office
92, 93, 94, 109, 110
Morale Committee
98
wars of religion
14
ideological war
Ward, Barbara
241, 265, 268
Washington D. C.
269, 277
Conference on the Limitation of Armaments (1922)
210
Weissler, Friedrich
70
Welch, J. W.
270
Weldon, T. D. (Harry)
221
Western civilisation
42, 171, 182, 185–187, 261
Christian civilisation
Westminster Abbey
43, 87, 90, 91, 137, 144, 170, 189
Westminster Central Hall
305
Westminster County Council
104
Westphalia, Peace of (1648)
11–14, 130
Whale, J. S.
351, 353, 354, 356
Whewell, William
Elements of Morality (1845)
115
Wilhelm II, Kaiser
29, 172
Wilkinson, Alan
31, 153, 173, 188, 314, 337, 340
William and Mary, King and Queen
147, 147n14, 147n15
Williams, Rowan
377–378
Winant, J. G.
277, 284
Winnington-Ingram, Arthur Foley
18, 29, 93, 157–158,100, 151, 153, 172–173, 304
A Second Day of God (1940)
188–189
witness
Christian
xvi, 81, 100, 163, 176, 213, 220, 225, 307, 308, 367–369, 372
false
73
pacifist
311–312, 315, 317, 331–332, 337–338, 249, 3
prophetic
375–376
religious
349, 350
to principles of humanity
77
Women’s Auxiliary Territorial Service
99
Wood, Alex
242n86, 248
Wood, Sir Kingsley
136, 196
Woods, Edward
91, 98, 191
World Council of Churches (WCC)
72, 269, 273, 275
Provisional Committee
259, 340–341
World Jewish Congress (British Section)
351, 352–353, 361, 364
Wurm, Theophil
54, 59, 60, 61n56, 273–274
Württemberg, Regional Church of
54, 58, 59
Yatesbury (RAF base)
98, 220, 221
York Diocesan Leaflet
166, 190, 207
Ypres
172, 194
Young, Geoffrey Winthrop
61–62
Yugoslavia
13, 57, 250
Zeppelin raids
29, 172, 194
Zimmern, Sir Alfred
xiv, 280