The system of transliteration of Persian words used in this volume largely follows that of the Encyclopaedia Iranica (Vol. XVI, 2021, Brill Publishing), with the following modifications: kh replaces ḵ and sh replaces š, apart from transliterations in titles of works, or from Middle Persian.
Persian words, names, cities, locations, and terms that have common Anglicized forms have not been changed: e.g., Tehran, Khorasan, Isfahan, Qajar, Hafez, ulama, Qurʾan, etc. Spellings, including those of foreign words commonly used in English, are according to Webster’s Third New International Dictionary.
Dates using the Islamic lunar calendar (Anno Hegirae; AH), or the Persian solar calendar (Shamsi; Sh.), are followed by a backslash (/) and the Common Era (CE) equivalent.