Index
absolute rights
5, 22, 114
American Declaration of Rights and Duties of Man
27
arbitrariness
13–15, 18, 29–30, 65, 88, 94, 128–129, 144, 183–184, 188–191
arbitration awards
39, 54, 92, 125
articles in the ECHR
Article 1
72–73, 137, 153
Article 2
84, 113, 151
Article 3
5, 70, 109, 151
Article 4
70, 109, 136, 151
Article 5
6, 70, 84, 113, 136
Article 6
6, 70, 81, 113–114, 186, 188, 193–194
Article 7
65, 70, 151
Article 8
43, 70, 83, 122, 132, 148, 183, 193
Article 9
41, 71, 83, 114
Article 10
23, 71–72, 83, 120, 122, 192
Article 11
71, 83, 165
Article 12
70
Article 13
70, 153
Article 14
70, 114, 136
Article 16
73, 136
Article 18
70
Article 32
172–173
Article 33
80–81
Article 34
74–81, 171
Article 35
35, 69, 83, 153
Article 41
71, 83, 105, 134, 153
Article 46
45
Protocol 1 Article 3
28, 174
Protocol 4 Article 2
5, 83, 109, 113, 132
Protocol 4 Article 3
73, 136
Protocol 7 Article 2
5, 83
assets
49–55
intangible
50–55
tangible
49
autonomous meaning doctrine
22–23, 29, 37–41, 45, 56, 64, 101
Bosphorus doctrine
46, 167–172, 175
Charter of Fundamental Rights. see See EU /EC law
claims
53–54, 60–64
companies
71–72, 74–79, 145, 182–183, 207
compensation
15–16, 82, 89–91, 103–105, 125–127, 129–139, 162, 189–190, 199
confiscation
11–14, 18–19, 94, 96, 129, 142, 165, 176, 191
consensus
24–25, 158–159, 202
contractual rights
46–47, 71
control of the use of property. see See property
constitutional instrument of European public order
170
criminal acts
96, 142, 191
customary international law
20, 137
democracy
27–28, 178–179, 202, 206
deprivation. see See possessions
derogation
5
discrimination
128–129, 136
dignity. see See human dignity
due process clause. see See United States Constitution
economic loss
75, 85, 104, 126–128, 138
effectiveness
4, 21–23, 41, 66, 90, 99–100, 110, 114–116, 130–131, 142–144, 146, 168, 178, 199, 202, 205, 208
EC/EU law
56, 154, 167–176
Charter of Fundamental Rights
43, 51, 96, 131, 171
Energy Charter Treaty
46, 47, 136
equivalent protection see See Bosphorus doctrine
European Court of Justice
171–172
evolutive interpretation
24–26, 204–207
exhaustion of domestic remedies
153
expropriation
15–16, 39–40, 88–99, 129, 132, 136, 144, 161–162, 189–190
extraterritorial effect
72–73
‘fair balance’
6, 23, 45, 56–57, 83, 100, 102–104, 110, 112–145, 149–157, 174–176, 182–184, 194, 199, 202, 206
general interest. see See public interest
good faith
20, 59, 63, 140, 149, 153, 177
goodwill
52–53, 55, 68, 92
human dignity
22, 26–27
intellectual property
51–52, 68
implementation freedom
149, 152–153
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
11, 73
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
11
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
75
jurisdiction
5, 72–73, 136–137
jurisprudential developments
4
just satisfaction
83, 105, 133, 153
lawfulness
18, 50, 102, 116, 144, 178–180, 192–194
lease rights
46, 67
legal certainty
23, 64, 87, 139–141, 144–145, 180–184, 200
legal persons
27, 70–72, 74–49
legitimate aim
6, 46, 102, 115, 121–122, 146–150, 169
legitimate expectations
47, 52, 55–66, 139–142, 197–198
licenses
55–56, 190
limitation clauses
5, 113–114, 176
margin of appreciation
24, 104, 111, 115, 119–120, 125, 133, 146, 150–177, 192–194, 199–200, 202
market–value standard
133–134
Maxwell–Fyfe, Sir David
19, 166
methodology
20–21, 68, 109
object and purpose. see See teleological method of interpretation
ownership
12, 28, 38, 59, 66, 71, 77, 84–85, 90–91, 94, 127, 134, 160
elements of
41–45
substance of
87, 97
pacta sunt servanda
168
penalties
49, 83, 96, 165–167
planning law
42, 50, 57, 161–163
Polish Constitutional Court
44
possessions
12, 23, 27, 35–38, 45, 96, 128, 165, 179, 197, 205.
See also property
interpretation of
38–42, 55–56
positive obligations
23, 82, 99, 113, 143
pressing social need
119–120
private law
104.
See also contractual rights
proceduralisation of substantive rights
185, 192–194
procedural requirements
165, 183–194
profit
43–45, 85, 160–161
property
access to
42
concept of
36–39
control with the use of
93–96
deprivation of
11, 71, 87–93, 115
peaceful enjoyment of
97–99
substantive guarantee of
36–37
two axes of
35, 37–38, 41, 84–85
proportionality
21, 104, 116–124, 129–131, 139, 144, 149, 151, 175–176, 199
elements of
118–123
strict necessity
120–122
structure of
123–124
suitability
119–120
public interest
50, 113, 116, 124–125, 134–135, 146, 150, 157–172, 194, 200, 208
qualified rights
5, 22, 83, 97, 109–110, 132, 148, 150
regulation
13, 18–19, 93–96, 126–127, 140–141, 160–161, 190, 199–200
restitution
53–54, 59, 91.
See also claims
retroactive laws
60, 141–142, 149, 151, 183
rule of law
29–31, 61, 64–66, 87, 101, 111, 139–142, 145, 149, 177, 178–180, 183–189, 192–194, 200, 207–210
sanctions
46, 96, 169
seizure
46, 96, 164, 169, 188, 191
shareholders
74–77
standard of review
156, 158, 171
subsidiarity
21, 111, 146, 150, 153–156, 176, 192, 200, 203, 209
Supreme Court of the United States
30, 43, 138
taxation
62, 96, 165–167, 190–191
Teitgen Report
11–12
teleological method of interpretation
4–5, 20–21, 100, 145, 197
‘three rules’ approach
86–87, 100–105, 129, 198
ultra vires representation
57, 65
United States Constitution
takings clause
131
due process clause
185
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
11, 26–27, 71, 88, 114
use rights
47–48
Vertrauensschutz
56
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
20, 25, 153, 168