1.1 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Mikva Dreams, 1977. Performance at the Franklin Furnace Gallery, New York 32
1.2 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Mikva Dreams: A Performance, 1977 36
1.3 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Mikva: The Place of Kissing Waters and Double Doors of Transformation, Ready? Ready!, 1986. Installation at the Jewish Museum, New York, sound component with Stephen Erickson 38
1.4 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Mikva: The Place of Kissing Waters and Double Doors of Transformation, Ready? Ready!, 1986. Installation at the Jewish Museum, New York, stiffened, shaped progression of white sheets coated with pearlescent paint 40
1.5 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Immerse Again Immerse Again: The Inception of The Universal Jewish Immersion Project, 1986. Multimedia performance with multichannel video for projection screen and seven monitors, sound, and forty performers at the Jewish Museum, New York. Video with Matthew Geller and Dieter Froese, and sound with Stephen Erickson 41
1.6 Judy Chicago, Menstruation Bathroom, 1972. Installation at “Womanhouse” 45
1.7 Ruth Weisberg, Waterbourne, 1973. Color lithograph 50
1.8 Helène Aylon, My Bridal Chamber: My Marriage Bed, My Clean Days, 2001/2012. Installation view at the Mishkan Le’Omanut Museum of Art, Ein Harod, Israel, 2012, mixed media, bed, video, black marker on photocopies, paper, and gauze 52
1.9 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Rinsing a B.M. Diaper (detail), 1973. Private performances of personal maintenance as art, album with gelatin silver prints, chain, and rags 55
1.10a Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Dressing to Go Out/Undressing to Go In, 1973. Black and white photos mounted on foam core with chain and dust rag 56
1.10b Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Dressing to Go Out/Undressing to Go In (detail), 1973. Black and white photos mounted on foam core 57
1.11 Mierle Laderman-Ukeles, Touch Sanitation Performance, 1979–1980: July 24, 1979–June 26, 1980. Citywide performance with 8,500 sanitation workers across all fifty-nine New York City sanitation districts, May 15, 1980, sweep 10, Queens District 14 57
2.1 Helène Aylon, Earth Ambulance, 1982. Performance and installation 62
2.2 Helène Aylon, Terrestri: “Rescued” Earth, 1982. Performance at New York, across the UN 63
2.3 Helène Aylon, Breaking with Scrunched Spread, 1978. Performance at the artist’s studio, Berkeley 68
2.4 Helène Aylon, Sand Sending, 1980. Performance, California 69
2.5 Helène Aylon, Sand Sending, 1980. Performance, California 70
2.6 Helène Aylon, Sand Carrying/Sand Sacs, 1981. Performance at the Women’s Building, San Francisco 73
2.7 Helène Aylon, Sand Carrying/Sand Sacs, 1981. Performance at the Women’s Building, San Francisco 74
2.8 Helène Aylon, Sand Carrying/Sand Sacs, 1981. Performance at the Women’s Building, San Francisco 75
2.9 Helène Aylon, Sand Carrying/Sand Sacs, 1981. Performance at the Women’s Building, San Francisco 76
2.10 Helène Aylon, Sand Carrying/Sand Sacs, 1981. Performance at the Women’s Building, San Francisco 77
2.11 Helène Aylon, Stone Carrying/Stone Sacs, 1981. Performance at Wadi Salib, Haifa, Israel 81
2.12 Helène Aylon, I Reveld in the Message Long Hidden, 1980. Photograph 87
3.1 Helène Aylon, Deuteronomy Highlighted (from the series “The Liberation of G-d”), 1990–1996. Book and transparent paper marked with a highlighter 97
3.2 Helène Aylon, Genesis Highlighted (from the series “The Liberation of G-d”), 1990–1996. Book and transparent paper marked with a highlighter 98
3.3 Helène Aylon, The Liberation of G-d, 1990–1996. Multi-media installation at the Jewish Museum, New York, 1996 100
3.4 Helène Aylon, Untitled, 1990. Performance at the Bnei Jeshurun Synagogue, Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York 103
3.5 Helène Aylon, The Liberation of G-d, 1997. Performance at the Bnei Jeshurun Synagogue, Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York 105
3.6 Helène Aylon, My Eternal Light: The Illuminated Pink Dash, 2011/2012. Installation at the Mishkan Le’Omanut, Museum of Art, Ein Harod, Israel, 2012, pink neon in a white Sintra box 111
3.7 Helène Aylon, My Notebooks, 1998/2011. Installation at the Mishkan Le’Omanut, Museum of Art, Ein Harod, Israel, 2012, 54 Israeli school notebooks (Machbarot), Masonite panel, Velcro and chalk on blackboard 114
4.1 Nechama Golan, You Shall Walk in Virtuous Ways, 1999–2011. Photocopies of Talmud pages and polymer glue 120
4.2 Nechama Golan, Untitled, 2008. Photograph 133
4.3 Nechama Golan, Untitled, 2003. Photographs 133
4.4 Nechama Golan, Burial Vessel for “You Shall Walk in Virtuous Ways,” 2022. Clay 136
4.5 Nechama Golan, Sefer Nashim (Women’s Book), 2000. Photograph 143
5.1 Andi Arnovitz, 504 Years Later, 2011. Archival pigment ink print threads 146
5.2 Andi Arnovitz, Shut Her Up, 2012. Print on paper 151
5.3 Andi Arnovitz, The Dress of the Unfaithful Wife, 2009. Japanese paper, soil, hair, photographic film, threads 154
5.4 Andi Arnovitz, What Have We Done to Her, 2012. Cotton onesie, human hair, and paint 156
5.5 Andi Arnovitz, Questionable Motives, 2016. Etching and chine collé 158
5.6 Andi Arnovitz, If Only They Had Asked Us, 2010. Archival pigment ink print, collard threads, Japanese paper and ink 163
6.1 Shulamit Etzion, Belly (Single, single, single), 2011. Lighting fixture, parchment 169
6.2 Shulamit Etzion, Untitled, 2011. Parchment and oils 169
6.3 Tzipora Mandel, Lips (detail from “Fungi” installation), 2012. Silicone and gelatin, mixed techniques 171
6.4 Hodyaa kop-Hanuna, Resextention, 2012. Porcelain 173
6.5 Hodyaa kop-Hanuna, Acrumen, 2012. Porcelain casting 174
6.6 Na’ama Snitkoff-Lotan, Costa de-hayyuta 1, 2011. Installation at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem, 2011, Silk paper and glue 175
6.7 Na’ama Snitkoff-Lotan, Costa de-hayyuta 2, 2011. Hand-stitched cloth pillows, acrylin fill 176
7.1 Hagit Molgan, My Patchwork Quilt, 2004. Acrylic on white cotton cloths (“Bedika Witnesses”) on canvas 186
7.2 Hagit Molgan, Kosher Kosher, 2004. Acrylic on white cotton cloths (“Bedika Witnesses”) and red stamps 187
7.3 Carolee Schneemann, Blood Work Diary, 1972. Five framed panels of menstrual blotting on tissue paper with handwritten inscriptions 189
7.4 Hagit Molgan, For Three Sins …, 2004. Oil on white cotton cloths (“Bedikah Witnesses”) on canvas: four units 191
7.5 Hagit Molgan, Five and Seven, 2004. Video, 2:15 minutes 192
7.6 Hagit Molgan, Tzitzit, 2004. 2 original tzitziot items (ritual garments with knotted fringes) 195
7.7 Yocheved Weinfeld, Untitled, 1976. Performance at the Debel Gallery, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 199
7.8 Ayana Friedman, Clean Cloth, 1997. Computer-processed photographs, white cotton cloths (“Bedika Witnesses”), gold and copper thread, and acrylic paint 203
8.1 Nurit Jacobs-Yinon, A Tale of a Woman and a Robe, 2013. Video installation, 3:03 min., loop 217
8.2 Nurit Jacobs-Yinon, The Female Converts’ Midrash, 2013. Video installation, 2:25 min., loop; Rabbi David Stav, 1:53 min., loop; Rabbi Benny Lau, 1:43 min., loop; Rabbi Haim Drukman, 2:56 min., loop 218
8.3 Hila Karabelnikov-Paz, Between the Dayanim, 2012. Masking tape and wallpaper on cardboard 219
8.4 Helène Aylon, All Rise: The Beit Din as a ‘House’ of Three Women Judges, 2007–2009. Installation at the Jewish Museum, New York, 2010 230
9.1 Ayelet Weil-Nebensal, Little Women, 2011. White cotton cloths (“Bedika Witnesses”) and thread 248
9.2 Shuli Nachshon, Tevilah, 2006. Video installation 250
9.3 Hila Karabelnikov-Paz, On the Way to the Mikvah, 2012. Wallpapers and masking tape on canvas 256
9.4 Ruth Kestenbaum Ben-Dov, Immersion 1, 1997. Oil on canvas 257