| Figures | ||
| 0.1 | Joseph patrice préposite vestès trapézitès stratège des Anatoliques, 23mm, 11.66g, copie 3. | XXXIX |
| 0.2 | Mélias protospathaire et domestique des excubites, 27mm, 15.21g. | XL |
| 0.3 | Eustathe (Maleïnos) anthypatos patrice stratège Cappadoce, 30mm. | XLI |
| 0.4 | Michel Bourtzès patrice stratège des Arméniaques. | XLII |
| 0.5 | Théodore Bourtzès protospathaire stratège des Arméniaques, 23mm. | XLIII |
| 4.1 | Nikephoros Phokas’ Syrian campaign in 968. © Author. | 82 |
| 4.2 | Viewshed from Baghras. © Author. | 86 |
| 4.3 | Viewshed from hill immediately to the south of Baghras. | 89 |
| 4.4 | Composite viewshed from four towers (NE, SE, SW, NW) on the fortifications of Qalʿat Simʿān. © Author. | 99 |
| 4.5 | Isolines representing approximate one-hour travel intervals at a cavalry march (7.5 km/h) from Maʿarrat Miṣrīn. © Author. | 101 |
| 4.6 | Isolines representing approximate one-hour travel intervals at a cavalry march (7.5 km/h) from Laodikeia. © Author. | 102 |
| 4.7 | Isolines representing approximate one-hour travel intervals at an infantry march (5 km/h) from Baghras. © Author. | 103 |
| 4.8 | Isolines representing approximate one-hour travel intervals at a cavalry march (7.5 km/h) from Baghras. © Author. | 103 |
| 6.1 | Scheme of cross-guard parts or parts of cross-guard. After Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 129 |
| 6.2 | Sword found in Grave 55, necropolis in Garabonc-I. After Béla Miklós Szőke, Kinga Éry, Róbert Müller, László Vándor, “Die Karolingerzeit im unteren Zalatal. Gräberfelder und Siedlungsreste von Garabonc I-II und Zalaszabar-Dezsősziget,” Antaeus. Communicationes ex Instituto Archaeologico Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 21 (1992), fig. 20. | 131 |
| 6.3 | Sword from necropolis in Kytsivka (Kharkiv Oblast). | 133 |
| 6.4 | Cross-guard from the Byzantine fortress of Dinogetia. After Husár, Oţa “Middle Byzantine period weapons from the collections of the National Museum of Romanian History in Bucharest (also) used in Byzantium,” p. 238, plate 1. | 134 |
| 6.5 | Sword from the territory of the Vinnytsia Oblast. After Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 135 |
| 6.6 | Sword from the Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection inv. RB-86. After Mohamed, The Arts of the Muslim Knight: The Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection, p. 37, cat. № 8. | 137 |
| Cross-guard and the pommel of the sword handle from the territory of Cherkasy Oblast. After Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 137 | |
| 6.8 | Swords in the miniatures of the Paris manuscript Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus and the cross-guards of the sword from the territory of Cherkasy oblast: 1. “Massacre of the innocents” (BnF grec 510, fol. 137r); 2. “Solomon’s judgement” (BnF grec 510, fol. 215v); 3. The cross-guard from the territory of Cherkassy oblast (without scale). | 139 |
| 6.9 | Swords in the miniatures of the Paris manuscript Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus: 1. “The Appearance of the Archangel Michael to Joshua” (BnF grec 510, fol. 226v); 2. “The Martyrdom of St. Cyprian” (BnF grec 510, fol. 332v). | 142 |
| 6.10 | Goliath, a bas-relief of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on Aghtamar Island. | 144 |
| 6.11 | Fresco “The Arcistrategos Michail”, second half of the 11th century (the Dark Church, Cappadocia, Turkey). After D’Amato, Dymydyuk, “The Sword with the Sleeve Cross-Guard in the Fresco from the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on Aghtamar Island,” fig. 24. | 145 |
| 6.12 | Sword from the Collections of the Rousse Regional Museum of History. After Deyan Rabovyanov, Svetlana Velikova, “Medieval Sword from the Collections of the Rousse Regional Museum of History,” fig. 1. | 146 |
| 6.13 | A fragment of the miniature “The Martyrdom of Trophimus, Dorymedon, and Sabbatius” from the Menologion of Basil II, Michael of Blachernai (Vat. gr. 1613, fol. 49). | 147 |
| 6.14 | Cross-guard from the Chersonesus: 1. Cross-guard (after Gennadiy V. Baranov); 2. Early twentieth-century photography; 3. Modern photography. Photo by Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 148 |
| 6.15 | Cross-guard from Pliska (excavations of 2005) (without scale). After Yotov, “A new Byzantine type of swords (7th-11th centuries),” p. 123. | 149 |
| 6.16 | Cross-guard from the Al-Rabadha (without scale). After David C. Nicolle, Saracen Faris 1050–1250 AD (Oxford, 1994), p. 12. | 150 |
| 6.17 | Cross-guard from the Tiberias № A2-525-192. | 151 |
| 6.18 | Cross-guard from Pliska (excavations of 1948). After Zlatkov, “Bronze cross guard for a sword, “Pliska-1948,” p. 146. | 152 |
| 6.19 | Bronze sword pommel and cross-guards inscribed with Sura CXII of the Koran. After David C. Nicolle “A Khanjar of Ibrāhīm Ibn Ilyās Ibn Asad Ibn Sāmān dated 246 AH (28th March 860 to 17th March 861 AD),” Voennaja arheologija [Military Archaeology] 7 (2022) fig.7. | 153 |
| 6.20 | Cross-guard from the Tiberias № № A2-525-203. After Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 154 |
| 6.21 | Cross-guard from the Tiberias № A2-525-160/3. After Gennadiy V. Baranov. | 154 |
| 6.22 | Cross-guard from the LiveAuctioneers (without scale). | 155 |
| Cross-guard from Furusiyya art foundation collection inv. R-605 (without scale). After Mohamed, The Arts of the Muslim Knight: The Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection, p. 108, cat. № 74. | 155 | |
| 6.24 | Cross-guard from Furusiyya art foundation collection inv. R-603 (without scale). After Mohamed, The Arts of the Muslim Knight: The Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection, p. 108, cat. № 75. | 156 |
| 6.25 | Cross-guard from Ripky Raion of Chernihiv Oblast: 1. Cross-guard; 2. Ornament (without scale). | 157 |
| 6.26 | Sword from Galovo (without scale). After Zlatkov, “Sword from Galovo,” p. 136. | 158 |
| 6.27 | Cross-guard from an unknown place in Bulgaria (without scale). After Aleksić, “Some typological features of Byzantine spatha,” fig. 3. | 159 |
| 6.28 | Cross-guard from a Bonhams auction (without scale). | 160 |
| 6.29 | Cross-guard from the Dr. Lee Jones Collection. After Norman I. A Likely Byzantine or Fatimid Sword of the 10th-11th Centuries. | 160 |
| 6.30 | Mosaic with the picture of St. Bacchus (around 1100 CE), Daphni Monastery, Athens. | 161 |
| 6.31 | A fragment of the miniature “The Martyrdom of St. Arethas” from the Menologion of Basil II. After Vat. gr. 1613: 135. | 161 |
| 6.32 | Pommels of type I: 1. Abritus; 2. Pliska; 3. Silistra (Yotov 2014: 11, pl. 9: 2-4); 4. Kiev Oblast. | 166 |
| 6.33 | Pommels of type II (Cherkasy type): 1. Cherkasy Oblast; 2. The Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection (Bashir 2008: 37, No. 8). | 167 |
| 6.34 | Fragment of the miniature “33 Martyrs of Melitene” from the Menologion of Basil II. After Vat. gr. 1613: 166. | 168 |
| 6.35 | Scabbard chapes from the excavations of Old Russian Izyaslavl. After A.N. Kirpichnikov, “Mechi iz raskopok drevnego Izyaslavlya,” p. 34, fig. 1; and fragment of the miniature “The beheading of Juventinus and Maximinus” (Vat. gr. 1613, fol. 99). | 169 |
| 6.36 | A throat of a scabbard from the Furusiyya Art Foundation Collection inv. RB-86 which is located under the sleeve of the sword-guard. | 170 |
| 6.37 | Sword from Afrasiyab. After Kabanov, “Pogrebenie voina v doline r. Kashka-Dar’ya,” p. 240, fig. 3. | 171 |
| Plates | ||
| 4.1 | Antioch’s hinterland by one-hour travel interval at a cavalry march (7.5 km/h). © Author. | 91 |
| 4.2 | Distance accumulation from Baghras. © Author. | 96 |
| Distance accumulation from Maʿarrat Miṣrīn. © Author. | 97 | |
| 4.4 | Qalʿat Simʿān, looking southwest. Manar al-Athar digital archive # 85865, University of Oxford, https://www.manar-al-athar.ox.ac.uk/pages/view.php?search=%21collection450+&k=&modal=&display=thumbs&order_by=field8&offset=0&per_page=48&archive=&sort=ASC&restypes=&recentdaylimit=&foredit=&noreload=true&access=&ref=85865. | 100 |
| Maps | ||
| 6.1 | Founds of swords with sleeve cross-guards and their elements on the territory of Eastern Europe: 1. Garabonc; 2. Vinnytsia Oblast; 3. Cherkassy Oblast; 4. Kiev Oblast; 5. Chernigov region; 6. Kytsivka; 7. Galovo; 8. Abritus (Razgrad); 9. Pliska; 10. Silistra; 11. Păcuiul lui Soare; 12. Dinogetia; 13. Chersonesus. | 172 |
| Tables | ||
| 0.1 | Tableau généalogique des Phocas du IXe siècle au début du XIe siècle. | XXXVIII |
| 6.1 | Typological scheme of cross-guard. | 162 |
| 6.2 | Chemical composition of cross-guards alloys. | 164 |
In: Nikephoros II Phokas and Warfare in the 10th-Century Byzantine World
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Georgios Theotokis
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Mamuka Tsurtsumia
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