absolutism (See also monarchy, unlimited)
2 , 4 â5 , 7 â8 , 11 , 16 , 27 , 66 â67 , 75 , 79 , 84 â86 , 94 , 117 , 119 , 124 , 126 , 128 , 133 , 155 , 163 , 186 , 194 , 221 , 223 , 267
academics (intellectuals, scholars)
6 â7 , 13 , 15 â16 , 28 , 51 , 82 , 92 , 105 , 124 â125 , 135 , 138 â139 , 156 , 162 , 167 , 169 , 188 , 196 , 199 , 211 , 219 , 232 , 234 â236 , 241 , 257
Ahmed Efendi
87
Akzise
152
Alexander i, Emperor of Russia
265
Alsace
170
Beccaria, Cesare
134
Beelitz
33
Behrenhorst, Heinrich von
230
Bergk, Johann Adam
256
Bildung
254
Bonneville, Nicolas de
253
Borgstede, August Heinrich von
225
Brandenburg
30 , 35 , 37 â38 , 54 , 56 , 63 , 69 , 77 , 83 , 95 â98 , 109 , 135 , 153 â154 , 182 , 184 , 201 â203 , 214 â215 , 217 , 222 , 230 , 239 , 240 â241
bravery (courage)
37 â38 , 41 , 43 â45 , 47 â48 , 50 â52 , 54 , 58 , 61 , 68 â69 , 85 â86 , 95 , 98 , 105 â106 , 114 , 116 , 120 , 150 â151 , 161 , 164 , 191 , 195 , 197 â198 , 200 , 204 , 215 â217 , 226 , 230 , 246 , 257 , 262
Bredetzky, Samuel
3
Breslau
259
cabinet war
26
Catholicism
27 , 30 â31 , 33 , 41 , 49 , 54 â55 , 57 , 60 â61 , 63 , 113 , 115 , 122 , 153 , 166 , 170 , 177 , 205 , 221 , 235 , 241
Jesuits
165
Cato the Younger
226
Cazalès, Jacques-Antoine de
212
Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
8
Charles xii, King of Sweden
67
China
128
citizen
3 , 7 â8 , 16 , 27 , 32 , 38 , 61 , 65 â66 , 70 , 75 , 78 , 80 â81 , 83 â86 , 92 , 94 , 96 â97 , 102 , 104 â106 , 118 , 121 â123 , 127 , 129 , 132 , 135 â142 , 148 â149 , 151 , 158 â160 , 164 â165 , 168 , 170 , 172 , 174 , 176 , 181 , 184 â185 , 188 â190 , 192 , 194 , 196 , 200 â202 , 205 , 207 , 209 , 213 , 217 , 219 , 222 , 229 , 232 , 241 , 244 â245 , 250 , 254 , 259 , 264
Clausewitz, Carl von
248
Cleves
207
common good
2 â3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 17 , 20 â21 , 58 , 64 , 66 â67 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 83 â88 , 132 â133 , 136 â138 , 140 â141 , 143 , 147 , 154 , 158 , 161 , 170 , 190 , 193 , 231 , 244 , 252 , 254 , 258 , 267 â269
Constantinople
57
cosmopolitanism
1 , 3 , 8 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 27 , 76 â77 , 82 , 87 , 118 , 128 , 143 , 145 â147 , 156 , 181 â182 , 202 , 207 â212 , 218 , 235 , 251 , 253 , 260 , 268
Creuz, Friedrich Casimir Karl von
94
Cromwell, Oliver
254
Danzig
220
despotism
9 â10 , 30 , 35 â36 , 38 â39 , 59 â60 , 66 â67 , 70 , 81 , 87 , 95 , 107 â108 , 117 â118 , 122 â123 , 126 â127 , 129 , 134 , 136 , 144 , 157 â159 , 161 , 185 , 195 , 200 â202 , 209 , 220 â223 , 231 â232 , 234 â236 , 241 , 244 , 246 , 251 , 253 , 257
Diplomatic Revolution
25
duty
33 , 41 , 82 , 156 , 160 , 169 â170 , 185 , 187 , 192 , 194 , 218
customs
220
feudal
262
of a citizen
102 , 140 â142 , 146 â149 , 159 , 162 , 171 , 173 â174 , 190 , 195 â196 , 198 , 200 , 213 â214 , 244 , 252 , 254 , 267
education
17 , 42 , 92 , 106 , 111 , 130 , 143 , 149 , 176 â177 , 181 , 188 , 190 , 199 â200 , 208 , 221 , 226 â227 , 232 â233 , 258 â259 , 266
Egypt
128
Elbing
220
Elizabeth, Empress of Russia
34
Engel, Johann Jakob
188
Enlightenment (Aufklärung)
2 â3 , 8 â13 , 15 â20 , 26 â27 , 66 , 72 , 76 â77 , 79 , 86 , 100 , 105 â106 , 108 â109 , 118 , 120 , 122 â125 , 128 , 136 , 140 , 145 , 149 , 154 â155 , 165 â172 , 176 â177 , 181 â185 , 187 â193 , 201 , 204 , 207 â210 , 220 , 222 , 230 â236 , 240 â241 , 243 â245 , 254 â256 , 258 â263 , 266 , 268
enthusiasm
64 , 80 â81 , 86 , 91 , 95 , 103 , 109 , 131 , 158 , 162 â163 , 170 , 199 â200 , 205 , 209 â210 , 229 , 234 , 246 , 247 â248 , 264
equality (See also egalitarianism)
9 , 11 , 32 , 66 , 81 , 126 , 129 , 136 , 148 , 159 , 162 , 171 â173 , 198 , 219 , 235 , 238 , 245 , 247 , 253 â254
Erasmus, Desiderius
105
Ferguson, Adam
17
Francis ii, Holy Roman Emperor
129
Franconia
49
Frankfurt am Main
93
Frederick ii, King of Prussia
2 , 4 â7 , 12 â17 , 21 , 80 , 85 , 91 â92 , 96 , 101 , 103 , 105 â106 , 113 â115 , 151 â152 , 155 â156 , 161 , 164 , 168 , 173 , 175 , 193 , 218 â220 , 222 , 225 , 243 , 253 , 268
as an enlightened ruler (philosopher king)
19 , 55 , 66 â67 , 121 â124 , 126 , 129 â130 , 176 , 184 â185 , 190 â191 , 199 , 209 , 230 , 239 â242 , 250
on cosmopolitanism
146
Frederick William ii, King of Prussia
156 , 181 â182 , 186 â188 , 191 â194 , 204 , 217 , 219 , 230 â232 , 237 â238 , 243 â244 , 249
freedom (liberty)
8 â9 , 35 , 37 â39 , 41 , 54 , 62 , 69 , 72 , 77 , 80 â82 , 85 , 94 , 100 , 108 , 115 , 119 , 122 , 126 â127 , 129 , 139 , 143 â144 , 150 , 158 , 170 , 172 , 175 , 184 , 191 , 193 â194 , 199 â200 , 209 , 214 , 219 â221 , 228 , 231 , 235 , 237 â238 , 245 â247 , 251 , 253 â254 , 258 , 266
of religion (See also toleration)
27 , 55 , 60 â61 , 105 , 120 , 187 â188 , 190 , 195 , 240 â241 , 244 , 257
Geneva
139
George ii, King of Great Britain
36
Germany
7 â8 , 15 â16 , 31 , 33 , 40 , 49 â51 , 53 , 59 , 61 , 68 , 76 , 128 , 131 , 141 , 176 , 192 , 195 , 209 , 216 , 222 , 232 , 234 , 237 , 244 , 253 , 259
glory (See also honour)
9 , 32 , 43 â44 , 48 , 57 , 70 , 76 , 79 , 84 , 100 â101 , 106 , 116 , 123 , 127 , 142 , 151 , 161 , 172 , 184 , 192 â194 , 199 â200 , 205 , 209 , 215 , 217 , 227 â228
God
8 , 31 , 34 , 41 , 50 , 54 , 56 â59 , 61 â63 , 65 , 69 , 96 , 100 â101 , 104 , 111 , 114 , 122 , 126 , 147 , 157 , 169 , 190 â191 , 242
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
68
Grashoff, Carl Friedrich August
219
Haltmeier, Samuel Christoph
59
Hamann, Johann Georg
124
happiness
2 , 5 , 10 , 31 , 62 , 70 , 72 â73 , 84 â85 , 105 â106 , 109 â111 , 113 , 117 , 123 , 125 , 130 â131 , 141 , 144 , 147 â148 , 153 , 157 â158 , 170 â171 , 174 , 192 â193 , 195 , 197 , 202 , 212 , 214 , 223 , 228 , 230 â232 , 244 , 257 , 259
harmony (concord)
2 , 4 , 11 , 114 , 117 , 127 , 169 , 177 , 190 , 192 â193 , 198 , 214 , 229 , 238 , 244 , 247 , 255 , 267
Helvétius, Claude Adrien
135
heroism
9 , 27 , 31 , 41 â52 , 54 , 61 â62 , 68 â69 , 71 , 75 , 80 , 84 , 86 â87 , 92 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 114 , 116 , 127 , 142 , 154 , 157 , 172 , 184 â185 , 191 â192 , 197 , 207 , 213 , 216 , 226 , 228 , 248 , 264 â265
Hess, Heinrich Ludwig von
84
history, writing and teaching of
42 , 44 , 78 , 81 , 155 , 160 â161 , 163 â164 , 174 , 195 , 199 â201 , 203 , 213 , 215 , 217 , 227 , 239 â241
Hobbes, Thomas
76
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, baron de
154
honour (See also glory)
9 , 29 , 66 , 71 , 81 , 84 â86 , 93 , 103 , 119 , 127 â128 , 133 , 139 , 142 , 147 , 149 , 157 â158 , 169 , 171 , 175 â176 , 185 â186 , 192 , 199 , 201 , 209 , 269
Hoym, Karl von
249
Humboldt, Wilhelm von
156
Italy
259
Kalmyks
34
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton von
107
Keferstein, Gabriel Wilhelm Gottlieb
61
Keferstein, Johann August Leberecht
61
Keferstein, Johann Christian Friedrich
61
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb
235
KoÅciuszko, Tadeusz
216
Lamprecht, Georg Friedrich
5
Lapland
209
law (See also Prussian General Code)
7 â9 , 19 , 32 , 65 â66 , 68 â69 , 73 , 77 â78 , 118 , 120 , 125 â126 , 133 , 140 , 146 , 157 â158 , 162 , 166 â167 , 170 â171 , 174 , 177 , 187 , 193 , 195 , 201 â202 , 208 , 219 , 226 , 232 , 239 , 241 , 244 â245 , 252 , 257 , 261 , 264 , 266 â267
criminal
134
moral
194
Leipzig
256
Leo, Hartog
65
Lorraine
28
Lüdeke, Johann Friedrich
86
Machiavelli, Niccolò
9
Mangelsdorff, Carl
236
Manstein, Christoph Hermann von
43
Marat, Jean-Paul
238
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France
233
Marx, Karl
15
Mecklenburg
43
merit
2 , 44 , 46 , 62 , 86 , 96 , 105 , 110 , 118 , 131 , 135 â137 , 139 , 142 â144 , 149 , 175 , 189 , 193 â194 , 211 , 266 â267
nobility of merit
228
military (army, soldiers)
7 , 12 , 25 , 29 , 39 , 49 , 55 â56 , 58 â59 , 61 , 63 â64 , 67 , 76 , 79 â80 , 86 , 92 , 98 , 101 , 103 â104 , 113 , 119 , 127 â128 , 137 , 141 â142 , 148 , 150 â154 , 169 , 173 , 178 , 197 â198 , 207 â208 , 226 , 237 , 247 , 252
esprit de corps
228
officers
6 â7 , 27 , 31 â33 , 37 â38 , 41 â47 , 50 , 52 , 68 , 91 , 97 , 105 , 122 , 136 , 139 , 143 , 161 , 203 , 205 , 209 , 216 , 225 , 227 â228 , 230 , 248
Minden
99
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de
230
monarchy
2 , 4 â6 , 8 â12 , 16 , 19 â21 , 48 , 62 â63 , 66 â69 , 75 â77 , 80 â81 , 84 , 92 , 105 â106 , 117 , 121 , 124 , 127 , 132 â133 , 135 â136 , 138 , 142 , 149 , 151 , 155 , 161 â163 , 167 , 181 â183 , 194 â195 , 199 â201 , 207 , 218 , 222 , 226 , 231 , 233 , 237 , 248 â249 , 266 â268
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de
3 , 9 â10 , 63 , 66 â67 , 73 , 80 â81 , 84 , 117 , 121 , 123 , 127 â128 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 144 , 157 , 161 , 177 , 228 , 268
Müntzer, Thomas
258
nation
25 , 38 â39 , 41 , 55 , 57 , 81 â82 , 85 , 97 , 104 , 107 , 110 , 114 , 127 â129 , 139 , 146 â147 , 161 , 170 â171 , 177 , 189 , 193 , 195 , 199 , 201 , 207 â210 , 214 , 221 â222 , 228 â229 , 232 , 248 , 251 â257 , 264
character (spirit)
1 , 6 , 12 , 37 , 50 , 93 â94 , 100 , 120 , 130 â131 , 133 , 138 , 148 â149 , 152 , 154 , 160 , 163 â164 , 181 â182 , 184 , 192 , 205 â206 , 211 , 216 , 219 , 260
nationalism
1 , 3 , 8 , 14 â15 , 19 â21 , 26 , 28 , 43 , 50 , 73 , 78 â79 , 93 , 145 , 181 , 215 , 219 , 226 , 249 â250 , 261 â263 , 265 â266 , 268 â269
New East Prussia
218
nobility (Junkers)
4 , 6 â7 , 19 â20 , 27 , 32 , 44 â45 , 48 , 50 , 62 , 67 , 76 , 80 , 87 , 91 , 100 , 108 , 114 , 125 â126 , 129 , 131 â132 , 134 , 136 , 141 , 143 â144 , 149 â152 , 154 , 160 â162 , 164 , 169 , 173 , 204 , 207 , 220 â222 , 228 , 243 , 252 , 254
Nuremberg
49
Oldenburg
205
Old Prussians
216
Palatinate
143
passions
41 , 48 , 64 , 71 â72 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 104 , 141 , 143 , 152 , 157 â158 , 162 , 173 , 181 , 192 , 202 , 248 , 269
peasants (farmers)
7 , 27 , 35 , 58 , 76 , 80 , 94 , 99 , 110 â112 , 114 , 128 , 131 , 141 , 154 â155 , 160 , 169 , 212 , 214 , 219 â221 , 229 , 251 â252 , 262
Peter iii, Emperor of Russia
35
Pitt the Elder, William
36
Plotho, Erich Christoph von
54
Plutarch
42
poetry
14 , 21 , 41 , 47 â51 , 68 â69 , 100 , 102 â104 , 108 , 120 , 185 , 191 , 195 , 200 â201 , 203 â204 , 236 â238
Pope, Alexander
104
popular philosophers
75
privileges
66 â67 , 84 , 134 , 136 , 144 , 161 , 164 , 167 , 198 â199 , 220 â222 , 228 â230 , 243 , 258 , 261 , 267
propaganda
25 â26 , 29 â30 , 35 â36 , 38 , 49 , 52 â53 , 56 , 58 , 60 â61 , 66 â69 , 93 , 103 , 105 â106 , 219 , 251
Protestantism
14 , 27 , 29 , 36 â38 , 40 â41 , 43 , 56 â65 , 69 , 77 , 93 , 98 , 105 , 109 , 113 , 143 , 153 , 164 , 176 , 182 , 192 , 205 , 216 , 235 , 259
Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin Academy)
82 , 84 â85 , 98 , 121 , 130 â131 , 155 â156 , 175 , 198 â199 , 208
public sphere
2 , 9 , 15 â17 , 25 , 53 , 64 , 73 , 80 , 85 , 92 , 106 , 117 , 124 , 132 , 143 , 177 , 188 , 193 , 199 â201 , 227 , 258 â259
Pufendorf, Samuel
13
Ramler, Karl Friedrich
74
Reckahn
214
reform
5 , 8 , 12 , 15 , 17 â20 , 72 , 76 , 80 , 86 , 94 , 107 â108 , 117 , 119 â120 , 133 â134 , 136 â137 , 152 â156 , 162 , 175 â177 , 182 , 188 , 220 â223 , 225 , 234 â235 , 239 â240 , 243 â244 , 251 , 254 , 257 , 259 â262 , 265 , 267
Reinbeck, Otto Sigmund
63
republics
29 , 38 , 76 â77 , 82 , 95 , 99 , 117 , 122 â123 , 128 â129 , 137 â138 , 182 , 194 , 201 â202 , 207 , 234 , 237 , 245 â246 , 267
Rhine, Confederation of the
1
Rinteln
135
Robespierre, Maximilien
246
Roland, Jeanne-Marie
236
Rome
Roth, Dietrich August
58
Ruthenians
221
sacrifice
9 , 20 , 42 â43 , 47 â49 , 54 , 58 â59 , 62 , 64 , 67 , 71 , 78 â79 , 81 , 83 â84 , 86 , 101 , 106 , 115 â116 , 133 , 138 , 148 , 153 , 158 , 170 , 177 â178 , 185 , 193 , 197 , 204 , 211 , 223 , 225 , 229 , 231 , 264 , 266 , 268
Saint Bartholomewâs Day massacre
61
Saint-Lambert, Jean François de
148
Saldern, Wilhelm von
43
Sallust
137
Scheffner, Johann George
78
Schlieffen, Martin Ernst von
205
Schwedt
58
selfishness (egotism)
1 â2 , 11 , 63 , 77 , 112 , 125 , 131 , 142 â143 , 147 , 157 , 173 , 177 , 209 , 211 â212
Senff, Carl Friedrich
106
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of
9
Sidney, Algernon
137
Simon, Ernst Heinrich
201
Slovaks
222
society
2 â3 , 5 , 10 , 32 , 55 â56 , 64 , 70 , 72 , 75 â77 , 79 â80 , 84 , 86 â87 , 101 â102 , 104 , 111 , 114 â116 , 118 , 121 , 123 â124 , 128 , 131 â133 , 138 , 140 â142 , 144 , 146 â148 , 151 , 154 , 157 â158 , 160 â162 , 167 , 169 â170 , 172 â173 , 176 , 178 , 189 , 193 , 197 , 202 , 211 , 213 â214 , 221 , 229 , 235 , 238 , 243 , 247 , 254 â257 , 265 â267 , 269
secret societies
253
Sorbs
216
Spain
170
Spalding, Johann Joachim
106
Stettin
238
Stolberg, Friedrich
235
Struensee, Karl August von
262
Sturm, Christoph Christian
44
Sulzer, Johann Georg
155
Thorn
220
Tieftrunk, Johann Heinrich
256
Titus, Roman Emperor
191
Tocqueville, Alexis de
243
toleration (tolerance)
20 , 54 â55 , 60 â62 , 84 , 92 , 109 , 119 , 130 , 140 , 143 , 165 â177 , 185 , 187 , 189 â190 , 194 â195 , 207 , 231 â232 , 239 â241 , 251 , 259 â260 , 266
Trajan, Roman Emperor
191
Treaties
Campo Formio
259
Tuscany
28
Unger, Johann Friedrich
194
Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August
265
virtue
8 â11 , 16 , 31 â33 , 42 â44 , 56 , 58 , 61 , 67 , 69 , 77 , 81 , 103 , 109 , 115 â117 , 120 , 123 , 127 â128 , 130 â131 , 135 , 137 , 140 , 142 â143 , 150 â151 , 153 , 155 â159 , 161 , 170 , 174 , 176 â177 , 181 , 192 â194 , 198 , 200 â201 , 209 â210 , 212 , 217 , 225 , 227 , 231 , 233 , 246 , 252 , 267
Germanic
149
national
105
Wars
Seven Yearsâ
2 â3 , 10 , 12 , 21 , 25 â88 , 91 â93 , 95 , 97 â100 , 103 , 109 , 111 , 116 , 125 , 137 , 145 , 148 , 153 , 191 , 197 , 201 , 203 , 215 â217 , 225 , 233 , 237 , 252 , 260 , 264 , 268
Vendée
245
Warsaw
219
Weishaupt, Adam
253
WeiÃe, Christian Felix
30
welfare (well-being)
2 , 8 , 11 , 26 , 30 , 39 , 42 , 48 , 54 , 61 , 64 , 70 â72 , 77 â78 , 85 , 95 â99 , 106 , 112 , 115 , 123 , 125 , 128 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 141 , 144 â145 , 150 , 153 , 155 , 168 , 176 â177 , 193 , 197 , 209 â211 , 223 , 229 , 231 , 255 â256 , 259 , 264
Welsleben
110
William v, Prince of Orange
120
Wyss, David
182
Zedler, Johann Heinrich
7
Zerrenner, Heinrich Gottlieb
111
Zöllner, Johann Friedrich
199