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Index

于Monarchy, Nation and the Common Good: Patriotism in Prussia, 1756–1806
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Jaakko Sivonen
Jaakko Sivonen
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Index

Abbt, Thomas 2–3, 20, 51, 82, 84–85, 92, 170, 174
influence on others 46, 81, 87, 94–96, 101–102, 105, 119, 121–122, 135, 137–140
on citizenship 75–81, 210, 264
on cosmopolitanism 77, 145
on honour 72, 80
on luxury 148–149
on merit 32, 80–81, 86, 135–137, 162–163, 268
on monarchy 12, 71–73, 80, 124, 136–137, 182
on passions 64, 71–72, 157, 248
on religion 64–65, 158
on war 44–45, 47, 58, 76, 78, 116
absolutism (See also monarchy, unlimited) 2, 4–5, 7–8, 11, 16, 27, 66–67, 75, 79, 84–86, 94, 117, 119, 124, 126, 128, 133, 155, 163, 186, 194, 221, 223, 267
enlightened 18–20, 118, 122, 182, 187, 222, 235, 240, 243
academics (intellectuals, scholars) 6–7, 13, 15–16, 28, 51, 82, 92, 105, 124–125, 135, 138–139, 156, 162, 167, 169, 188, 196, 199, 211, 219, 232, 234–236, 241, 257
Ahmed Efendi 87
Akzise 152
Alexander i, Emperor of Russia 265
Alexander iii, King of Macedon 38, 48, 67, 71, 73, 226
Alsace 170
Altmark 37, 56
ambition 32, 46, 131, 142, 228, 256
America 36, 55, 110, 112, 241
Revolution 170, 234, 245, 257–258
anarchy (lawlessness, mob rule) 85, 154, 219, 237–239, 246, 254
anonymous publishing 29, 46, 185
Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von 203, 222, 262
aristocracy 11, 66, 87, 136, 148, 162, 221, 231, 253–254, 257, 267
Arminius (Hermann) 163, 253, 262, 265
Arndt, Ernst Moritz 250, 266
artisans 113, 160, 169, 196
artists 155, 160, 200–201, 204
atheism 55, 95, 241
Austria 1, 96, 121, 165–166, 218, 228, 231, 236–237, 248
Austrian Netherlands (Brabant) 107, 234, 251
patriotism 14, 128–129
rivalry with Prussia 15, 25, 27–30, 33–36, 40, 38–43, 49–50, 52, 54–56, 58–61, 63, 67, 77, 82, 92, 99, 103, 105, 107–109, 122, 217, 233–234, 239, 241, 249, 265
Baczko, Ludwig von 219–220
Bahrdt, Carl Friedrich 188–189
balance of power 39–41, 99–100, 105, 108–109, 131, 141, 246–247, 251
barbarism 34–35, 48–49, 116, 119, 199, 211, 237, 257
Barsewisch, C.F.R. von 37, 52, 216
Basedow, Johann Bernhard 158–159
Battles
Eylau 265
Friedland 265
Jena 20–21, 183, 264–265
Kolin 44
Kunersdorf 37, 44, 46–47, 67–69
Leuctra 78
Leuthen 52, 58–59, 63
Lobositz 50–52
Prague 41–42, 50, 55, 60, 69
Rossbach 33, 49, 65, 68, 102
Teutoburg Forest 163, 226
Valmy 237
Zorndorf 15, 34, 49
Bavaria (See also Wars, Bavarian Succession) 103, 107, 109, 253
Beausobre, Louis de 95, 268
on cosmopolitanism 82–83, 146
on honour 84–85
on luxury 83, 86–87
on religion 64, 83–84
Beccaria, Cesare 134
Beelitz 33
Behrenhorst, Heinrich von 230
Bergk, Johann Adam 256
Berlin 1, 13, 15, 17, 29, 35, 42, 44, 50, 55, 57, 59, 65, 72–73, 82, 84–85, 87, 91, 98, 100, 107–110, 124, 126, 131, 135, 143, 155–156, 167, 175, 186–188, 198, 203, 208, 210, 240, 252, 260, 262, 266
Beseke, Johann Melchior Gottlieb 162–163
Beyer, Christian Samuel Ludwig von 208–210, 268
Bible 33, 53, 58, 60, 62, 110–111, 113–114, 126, 155, 177, 213
Bielfeld, Jakob Friedrich von 83, 149
Biester, Johann Erich 185, 205
Bildung 254
Bildungsbürgertum 16, 182
Bohemia 29, 39, 103
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st Viscount 142–143
Bonneville, Nicolas de 253
Borgstede, August Heinrich von 225
bourgeois 16, 20, 50
Brandenburg 30, 35, 37–38, 54, 56, 63, 69, 77, 83, 95–98, 109, 135, 153–154, 182, 184, 201–203, 214–215, 217, 222, 230, 239, 240–241
bravery (courage) 37–38, 41, 43–45, 47–48, 50–52, 54, 58, 61, 68–69, 85–86, 95, 98, 105–106, 114, 116, 120, 150–151, 161, 164, 191, 195, 197–198, 200, 204, 215–217, 226, 230, 246, 257, 262
Bredetzky, Samuel 3
Breslau 259
Brunn, Friedrich Leopold 230–232, 268
bureaucrats (administrators, officials) 5–7, 14, 16–17, 20, 29, 91, 108, 110, 118, 129, 131–132, 156, 160–161, 167, 186, 188, 199, 204, 208, 218, 230, 234, 238, 243, 250, 260, 262, 265, 267
burghers 11, 58, 76, 80, 219–220, 222
Burke, Edmund 245–246
cabinet war 26
Caesar, Gaius Julius 39, 67, 69, 137
cameralism 5, 70, 128–129, 139
Catherine ii, Empress of Russia 220, 231
Catholicism 27, 30–31, 33, 41, 49, 54–55, 57, 60–61, 63, 113, 115, 122, 153, 166, 170, 177, 205, 221, 235, 241
Jesuits 165
monks 150, 158, 160
pope 38, 165, 259
Cato the Younger 226
Cazalès, Jacques-Antoine de 212
centralisation 13, 15, 19, 38, 91, 107, 126, 168, 170, 173, 187, 221–222, 267
Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg 8
Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 236–237
Charles xii, King of Sweden 67
chauvinism 50–51, 198, 231, 263
China 128
Cicero 79, 151
citizen 3, 7–8, 16, 27, 32, 38, 61, 65–66, 70, 75, 78, 80–81, 83–86, 92, 94, 96–97, 102, 104–106, 118, 121–123, 127, 129, 132, 135–142, 148–149, 151, 158–160, 164–165, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 181, 184–185, 188–190, 192, 194, 196, 200–202, 205, 207, 209, 213, 217, 219, 222, 229, 232, 241, 244–245, 250, 254, 259, 264
active citizenship 9, 133, 163, 195, 223, 233, 252, 266–267
citizen patriot 2, 169, 182, 267–268
citizen soldier 76, 99, 128, 227
rights 11, 79, 119–120, 155, 161–162, 166, 171, 173, 175, 198, 214, 240, 260, 267
world citizen (See also cosmopolitanism) 18, 77, 82, 87, 145–147, 156–157, 208, 210, 260
Clausewitz, Carl von 248
Cleves 207
Cloots, Anacharsis 207, 212
common good 2–3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 17, 20–21, 58, 64, 66–67, 76, 78, 80, 83–88, 132–133, 136–138, 140–141, 143, 147, 154, 158, 161, 170, 190, 193, 231, 244, 252, 254, 258, 267–269
Constantinople 57
Cossacks 34, 47, 63
cosmopolitanism 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 18, 27, 76–77, 82, 87, 118, 128, 143, 145–147, 156, 181–182, 202, 207–212, 218, 235, 251, 253, 260, 268
cowardice 48–50, 52, 227
Creuz, Friedrich Casimir Karl von 94
Cromwell, Oliver 254
Danzig 220
deism 53, 168
democracy 48, 66, 70, 73, 198–199, 221, 223, 231, 257
demonisation (See also barbarism) 34, 49, 51, 87, 98, 177
Demosthenes 79, 142
Denmark 46, 112
patriotism 145–146, 155
despotism 9–10, 30, 35–36, 38–39, 59–60, 66–67, 70, 81, 87, 95, 107–108, 117–118, 122–123, 126–127, 129, 134, 136, 144, 157–159, 161, 185, 195, 200–202, 209, 220–223, 231–232, 234–236, 241, 244, 246, 251, 253, 257
Diez, Heinrich Friedrich von 100, 126–128, 140, 146–147, 149, 175–176, 268
Diplomatic Revolution 25
Dohm, Christian Wilhelm von 92, 108–109, 129, 163–164, 167–176, 259–261, 268
Dominicus, Johann Jacob 35, 51, 68
Dutch Republic 95, 144, 149–150, 160, 186, 204, 228, 231
patriotism 120
duty 33, 41, 82, 156, 160, 169–170, 185, 187, 192, 194, 218
customs 220
feudal 262
of a Christian 56, 59, 61–64, 96–97, 98, 111, 115–116, 177, 190
of a citizen 102, 140–142, 146–149, 159, 162, 171, 173–174, 190, 195–196, 198, 200, 213–214, 244, 252, 254, 267
of a nobleman 144, 151, 161
of an official 5, 96
of a patriot 7–8, 10–11, 44–45, 48, 54, 56, 59, 61–64, 83, 96–97, 100–102, 113, 119, 129, 136, 140–141, 146–147, 149, 155, 163, 177, 191, 196, 211–214, 217, 226–227, 244, 253, 258, 264
of a soldier 47–48, 59, 98, 104, 114, 116, 133, 142, 196, 205, 226
of a subject 19, 66, 115, 159, 196
of the monarch 4, 29, 63, 99, 106, 117, 120, 140, 190–191, 201–202, 207, 252, 259
East Prussia 63, 138, 215–216, 218, 265
Eberhard, Johann August 121–123, 139–140, 156, 223, 229, 244
Eckhardt, Gottlieb Wilhelm 191–192, 237–239
Edict on Religion 120, 187–191, 194, 202, 232, 240
education 17, 42, 92, 106, 111, 130, 143, 149, 176–177, 181, 188, 190, 199–200, 208, 221, 226–227, 232–233, 258–259, 266
school reform proposals 5, 132, 152–165, 190, 195–196, 210–214, 219, 261
universities 5–6, 8, 13, 196, 217
egalitarianism (See also equality) 46, 68, 75, 92, 233, 268
Egypt 128
Elbing 220
Elizabeth, Empress of Russia 34
emigration 110–113, 128, 168
Engel, Johann Jakob 188
England (See also Great Britain) 16, 131, 137, 198, 200, 212, 228, 259, 241, 245, 252
Enlightenment (Aufklärung) 2–3, 8–13, 15–20, 26–27, 66, 72, 76–77, 79, 86, 100, 105–106, 108–109, 118, 120, 122–125, 128, 136, 140, 145, 149, 154–155, 165–172, 176–177, 181–185, 187–193, 201, 204, 207–210, 220, 222, 230–236, 240–241, 243–245, 254–256, 258–263, 266, 268
Volksaufklärung 111, 153, 257
enthusiasm 64, 80–81, 86, 91, 95, 103, 109, 131, 158, 162–163, 170, 199–200, 205, 209–210, 229, 234, 246, 247–248, 264
Epicurus 118, 141–142
equality (See also egalitarianism) 9, 11, 32, 66, 81, 126, 129, 136, 148, 159, 162, 171–173, 198, 219, 235, 238, 245, 247, 253–254
Erasmus, Desiderius 105
Essen, Carl Philipp von 31–32, 60, 68
estates (Stände, rank) 2, 4, 36–37, 39, 57, 80–81, 85, 107, 114, 120, 128, 136, 159–160, 169–171, 173, 210, 220, 222, 239, 243, 258, 267
Fénelon, François 57, 147
Ferguson, Adam 17
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 1–2, 262–264, 266
Finckenstein, Karl Wilhelm von 60–61, 218
Fischer, Gottlob Nathanael 184, 189, 203–204, 239–242, 244–246, 250, 254
France (See also French Revolution) 6, 8, 16, 21, 25, 38–41, 56, 61, 67, 80, 83, 183, 117, 131, 139, 170, 186, 188, 198, 208, 228, 265
Enlightenment 118, 154, 236, 257
Francophilia 204, 266
French enemy 31, 33–36, 40–41, 45, 49, 56, 237–239, 245, 247–248, 250, 254, 257–258
patriotism 42, 148, 199, 212
Francis ii, Holy Roman Emperor 129
Franconia 49
Frankfurt am Main 93
Frankfurt an der Oder 47, 76
Frederick i, King in Prussia 201, 215
Frederick ii, King of Prussia 2, 4–7, 12–17, 21, 80, 85, 91–92, 96, 101, 103, 105–106, 113–115, 151–152, 155–156, 161, 164, 168, 173, 175, 193, 218–220, 222, 225, 243, 253, 268
as a champion of Protestants 27, 30–31, 33, 36–37, 39–40, 53, 61, 93
as an enlightened ruler (philosopher king) 19, 55, 66–67, 121–124, 126, 129–130, 176, 184–185, 190–191, 199, 209, 230, 239–242, 250
as a warrior king 43, 48, 67–71, 120, 190
in the Seven Years’ War 25–27, 29–31, 33–37, 39, 40, 42–43, 46, 48–51, 53–74, 79
on cosmopolitanism 146
on education 153–154, 165
on honour 29, 67, 99, 142
on luxury 117, 125, 141–142, 149–150
on merit 142–143
on monarchy 117–119, 128, 140–143
on religion (toleration) 55, 64, 70, 165–167, 176–177
on republics 118, 149–150
on the empire 99–100, 107–109
posthumous reputation 181–187, 190–192, 199–201, 203–205, 209, 213, 215, 226, 230–231, 239–242, 244–245, 254, 265
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg 201, 215, 240
Frederick William i, King in Prussia 26, 153
Frederick William ii, King of Prussia 156, 181–182, 186–188, 191–194, 204, 217, 219, 230–232, 237–238, 243–244, 249
Frederick William iii, King of Prussia 183, 195, 259, 265, 268–269
freedom (liberty) 8–9, 35, 37–39, 41, 54, 62, 69, 72, 77, 80–82, 85, 94, 100, 108, 115, 119, 122, 126–127, 129, 139, 143–144, 150, 158, 170, 172, 175, 184, 191, 193–194, 199–200, 209, 214, 219–221, 228, 231, 235, 237–238, 245–247, 251, 253–254, 258, 266
civil 55, 84, 124, 136, 140, 197, 244, 268
of religion (See also toleration) 27, 55, 60–61, 105, 120, 187–188, 190, 195, 240–241, 244, 257
of speech (opinion, thought, the press) 121, 185–186, 188–189, 195, 202, 230, 232, 241, 243, 250, 259
of states 36, 107
political 10, 140, 268
Freemasons 119–120, 184, 238, 253
French Revolution (See also Wars, French Revolutionary) 2, 26, 79, 107, 109, 176, 181, 186, 199, 207, 221, 260–262
critics 212, 223, 230, 236–239, 244–247, 251–259
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 214, 240
early sympathisers 1, 231, 233–236
French liberty 230, 235, 237–238, 240, 244–247, 251, 253–254, 257
September Massacres 246
Terror, Reign of 235–237, 244–245, 247, 254
Thermidorian Reaction 247
Varennes, flight to 236
Fürstenbund (League of Princes) 107–109
Garve, Christian 17, 118
Gedike, Friedrich 184–185
Geneva 139
Gentz, Friedrich 203, 237, 245–249
George ii, King of Great Britain 36
Germany 7–8, 15–16, 31, 33, 40, 49–51, 53, 59, 61, 68, 76, 128, 131, 141, 176, 192, 195, 209, 216, 222, 232, 234, 237, 244, 253, 259
as fatherland (nation) 1, 3, 12–14, 20–21, 29–30, 36–37, 39, 56, 77–79, 92–98, 100, 108–109, 112–113, 121, 145, 163, 174, 181–182, 188, 191, 201–206, 208, 210, 213, 223–224, 239, 248, 250–251, 262–266, 268–269
Enlightenment 10, 17, 124–125, 154–155, 220, 235, 240–241, 255–258
German dualism 27–28, 239, 248–249
German liberty 35, 37–38, 41, 55, 69, 107, 119, 129, 200
Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig 41, 49–52, 68, 87, 100, 103–104, 120, 151, 184, 236
glory (See also honour) 9, 32, 43–44, 48, 57, 70, 76, 79, 84, 100–101, 106, 116, 123, 127, 142, 151, 161, 172, 184, 192–194, 199–200, 205, 209, 215, 217, 227–228
God 8, 31, 34, 41, 50, 54, 56–59, 61–63, 65, 69, 96, 100–101, 104, 111, 114, 122, 126, 147, 157, 169, 190–191, 242
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 68
Goßler, Christoph 132–134, 151–152, 155, 176–177, 229–230, 244, 261, 267
Grashoff, Carl Friedrich August 219
Grattenauer, Carl Wilhelm Friedrich 260–261
Great Britain (See also England) 25, 39, 53, 55, 82, 96, 117, 148, 228, 251
British liberty 143–144, 194, 231, 240
patriotism 36, 58, 142, 237
Greece 79, 81, 141, 155, 157, 198–200, 208–209, 231–232
Athens 43, 48, 142
Macedon 38, 48, 71, 131
Sparta 30, 43–44, 50, 211, 229
Thebes 30, 78
Greenland 112, 209
Gustavus ii Adolphus, King of Sweden 40, 54, 61, 67
Hahnzog, Christian Ludewig 110–115, 125–126, 131–132, 177, 229, 268
Halberstadt 184, 255
Halle 5, 33, 42, 44, 77, 121, 156, 217, 256
Haltmeier, Samuel Christoph 59
Hamann, Johann Georg 124
Hamburg 222–223
Hanover 36, 216
Hanoverian school 223
happiness 2, 5, 10, 31, 62, 70, 72–73, 84–85, 105–106, 109–111, 113, 117, 123, 125, 130–131, 141, 144, 147–148, 153, 157–158, 170–171, 174, 192–193, 195, 197, 202, 212, 214, 223, 228, 230–232, 244, 257, 259
Hardenberg, Karl August von 20, 265
harmony (concord) 2, 4, 11, 114, 117, 127, 169, 177, 190, 192–193, 198, 214, 229, 238, 244, 247, 255, 267
Haugwitz, Christian von 218, 249
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 212, 223–224
Helvétius, Claude Adrien 135
Herder, Johann Gottfried von 94, 138–139, 145, 166
heroism 9, 27, 31, 41–52, 54, 61–62, 68–69, 71, 75, 80, 84, 86–87, 92, 103, 105, 107, 114, 116, 127, 142, 154, 157, 172, 184–185, 191–192, 197, 207, 213, 216, 226, 228, 248, 264–265
Hertzberg, Ewald Friedrich von 98–99, 108, 110, 129–131, 234
Hess, Heinrich Ludwig von 84
Hirschel, Moses 259–261
history, writing and teaching of 42, 44, 78, 81, 155, 160–161, 163–164, 174, 195, 199–201, 203, 213, 215, 217, 227, 239–241
Hobbes, Thomas 76
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, baron de 154
Holy Roman Empire 20, 36–39, 51, 59–60, 63, 92, 107, 145, 232, 248–249, 262
critics 13–15, 30, 99–100, 109
free cities 76, 93, 167, 222
Imperial Diet 54, 94
Reichsarmee 49
Reichspatriotismus 2, 14, 28–29, 55–56, 64, 77, 87, 93–96, 100, 108, 121, 223, 250
honour (See also glory) 9, 29, 66, 71, 81, 84–86, 93, 103, 119, 127–128, 133, 139, 142, 147, 149, 157–158, 169, 171, 175–176, 185–186, 192, 199, 201, 209, 269
king’s 35, 51, 67, 72
national 195, 197–198
noble 48, 67, 80, 161
soldier’s 31–32, 42–43, 59, 62–63, 80, 99, 102, 104, 106, 114–115, 197, 227–228
Hoym, Karl von 249
Huguenots 64, 82–84, 131–132, 143, 164, 204, 229, 240, 266
human rights (rights of man) 181, 189, 214, 239–241, 254, 257, 259
Humboldt, Wilhelm von 156
Hungary 39–40, 112, 231
patriotism 222, 267
Illuminati 253, 260
immigration 113–114, 168, 216, 229
irreligion 64, 70, 112, 116, 130, 177, 187, 235, 239
Iselin, Isaak 119, 137
Israel (Holy Land, Zion) 58–59, 166
Italy 259
Jacobins 219, 235–238, 244, 252–253, 257–258, 260
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig 215–218, 225, 265
Japan 127, 150
Jenisch, Daniel 190–191, 241, 244–245
Jews 65, 72, 92, 110, 158, 182, 190, 241
antisemitism 150, 166, 175, 260–261
emancipation debate 167–177, 259–260
Joseph ii, Holy Roman Emperor 107–108, 129, 222, 231
Justi, Johann Heinrich Gottlob von 39, 70, 72, 128
Kalmyks 34
Kant, Immanuel 17, 124–125, 156, 166, 187, 197, 202, 241, 243, 246, 250, 255–256, 267
Karsch, Anna Louisa 49, 69, 74
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton von 107
Keferstein, Gabriel Wilhelm Gottlieb 61
Keferstein, Johann August Leberecht 61
Keferstein, Johann Christian Friedrich 61
Klein, Ernst Ferdinand 120–121, 197–199, 228
Kleist, Ewald Christian von 46–50, 225
Kleist, Franz Alexander von 225–229, 251–252
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb 235
Koch, Erduin Julius 204–205
Königsberg 124, 156, 215, 236
Kościuszko, Tadeusz 216
Kramer, Karl 199–201
Lamprecht, Georg Friedrich 5
Lapland 209
law (See also Prussian General Code) 7–9, 19, 32, 65–66, 68–69, 73, 77–78, 118, 120, 125–126, 133, 140, 146, 157–158, 162, 166–167, 170–171, 174, 177, 187, 193, 195, 201–202, 208, 219, 226, 232, 239, 241, 244–245, 252, 257, 261, 264, 266–267
constitution 13, 20, 93, 108, 122, 200, 212–214, 220–221, 223, 234, 243, 251, 257–258, 265
criminal 134
moral 194
Mosaic 168, 172
natural 129, 175
of nations 38–39, 55, 86
sumptuary 148, 259
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 7–8
Leipzig 256
Leo, Hartog 65
Leonidas i, King of Sparta 43, 67
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 87, 167
Liège 233–234
Lithuanians 182, 216, 218, 221
Lorraine 28
Louis xiv, King of France 8, 83
Louis xvi, King of France 236–237
Lüdeke, Johann Friedrich 86
Luther, Martin 53, 241, 253, 258, 265
luxury 11, 40, 56–57, 83, 87, 92, 104, 108, 112, 117, 125, 130, 133, 139, 147–152, 168, 172–173, 195, 211, 231–232, 251, 259, 266
Machiavelli, Niccolò 9
Magdeburg 30, 110
Mainz 252–253
Mandeville, Bernard 147–148
Mangelsdorff, Carl 236
Manstein, Christoph Hermann von 43
Marat, Jean-Paul 238
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 117–118
Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress 29, 31, 36, 231
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France 233
Marx, Karl 15
Mecklenburg 43
Mendelssohn, Moses 46, 135, 138–139, 167
on the Enlightenment 124–125
on Jews 173–175
on monarchy 72–73, 81–82
merchants 16, 149–151, 228
merit 2, 44, 46, 62, 86, 96, 105, 110, 118, 131, 135–137, 139, 142–144, 149, 175, 189, 193–194, 211, 266–267
meritocracy 11, 32, 61, 81, 121, 162–163, 227, 248, 268
nobility of merit 228
Metternich, Clemens von 249
Michaelis, Johann David 166, 173, 175
military (army, soldiers) 7, 12, 25, 29, 39, 49, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 63–64, 67, 76, 79–80, 86, 92, 98, 101, 103–104, 113, 119, 127–128, 137, 141–142, 148, 150–154, 169, 173, 178, 197–198, 207–208, 226, 237, 247, 252
cantonal system 26–27, 99, 114, 126, 229
discipline (subordination) 31–32, 34, 40, 42, 120, 172, 228–230
esprit de corps 228
foreigners 27, 30–31, 33, 38, 114, 116, 133, 228–229
martial spirit 6, 31, 40, 105, 133, 172, 192–193, 216, 225, 229
militarisation (militarism) 6–7, 26–27, 87–88, 94, 109, 122, 124, 229–230
non-commissioned officers 27, 32, 51–52, 60
officers 6–7, 27, 31–33, 37–38, 41–47, 50, 52, 68, 91, 97, 105, 122, 136, 139, 143, 161, 203, 205, 209, 216, 225, 227–228, 230, 248
rank-and-file soldiers 26–27, 32, 35, 45–46, 48, 50–54, 68, 70–71, 83–85, 99, 105–106, 114–115, 157, 191–192, 216, 227–229, 233, 250
veterans 99, 115, 133, 227
volunteers 27, 78, 99, 227, 250, 265, 269
Miller Arnold affair 126, 129
Minden 99
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de 230
modernisation 7, 16–17, 19, 107, 267
monarchy 2, 4–6, 8–12, 16, 19–21, 48, 62–63, 66–69, 75–77, 80–81, 84, 92, 105–106, 117, 121, 124, 127, 132–133, 135–136, 138, 142, 149, 151, 155, 161–163, 167, 181–183, 194–195, 199–201, 207, 218, 222, 226, 231, 233, 237, 248–249, 266–268
advantages 70–73, 85, 118–119, 122–123, 125–126, 129–131, 140, 144, 157–158, 160, 192–193, 212–214, 223, 230, 238, 240, 244, 247, 252, 257
limited 14, 234, 253
temperate 129, 234
universal 30, 108
unlimited (See also absolutism) 122–123, 125, 128, 139–140, 193, 253
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de 3, 9–10, 63, 66–67, 73, 80–81, 84, 117, 121, 123, 127–128, 134, 136, 139, 144, 157, 161, 177, 228, 268
Moser, Friedrich Carl von 64, 77, 87, 93–98, 111, 121–122
Möser, Justus 94, 191
Müntzer, Thomas 258
Muslims 95, 127, 158, 170, 190, 241
Nantes, Edict of 83, 240
Napoleon i, Emperor of the French 1–2, 20–21, 183, 225, 248, 259, 262, 264–266, 268–269
nation 25, 38–39, 41, 55, 57, 81–82, 85, 97, 104, 107, 110, 114, 127–129, 139, 146–147, 161, 170–171, 177, 189, 193, 195, 199, 201, 207–210, 214, 221–222, 228–229, 232, 248, 251–257, 264
character (spirit) 1, 6, 12, 37, 50, 93–94, 100, 120, 130–131, 133, 138, 148–149, 152, 154, 160, 163–164, 181–182, 184, 192, 205–206, 211, 216, 219, 260
custom 7, 83, 112–113, 133–134, 152, 174–175, 219
identity 13, 20–21, 27, 31, 40, 96, 216, 218, 235, 250, 266
nationalism 1, 3, 8, 14–15, 19–21, 26, 28, 43, 50, 73, 78–79, 93, 145, 181, 215, 219, 226, 249–250, 261–263, 265–266, 268–269
pride 73, 123, 140, 198, 213, 262
Prussia as a nation 6, 13, 21, 27, 37, 40, 44, 54, 58, 66, 68, 77, 79, 92, 96, 98–99, 181, 184–186, 191–192, 197–198, 203–204, 215–217, 225–227, 230–231, 234, 266
sentiment (consciousness) 21, 27, 79, 163, 200, 233, 250
Neuchâtel 109, 205, 223
New East Prussia 218
Nicolai, Friedrich 13–14, 46–47, 77–78, 96, 119, 135–138
nobility (Junkers) 4, 6–7, 19–20, 27, 32, 44–45, 48, 50, 62, 67, 76, 80, 87, 91, 100, 108, 114, 125–126, 129, 131–132, 134, 136, 141, 143–144, 149–152, 154, 160–162, 164, 169, 173, 204, 207, 220–222, 228, 243, 252, 254
Nuremberg 49
Oesfeld, Friedrich Wilhelm von 177–178
Oldenburg 205
Old Prussians 216
oligarchy 76, 222
Ortmann, Adolph Dietrich 38, 42, 86, 111
debate with Moser 94–98, 121
on Christian patriotism 54–61, 63–65, 95, 97–98, 158, 268
on luxury 56–57
on monarchy 69–71, 85
on the enemy 33–37, 40–41, 97
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 28, 34, 95, 87, 127, 147, 165, 231
Palatinate 143
Paris 234, 236, 238, 246
passions 41, 48, 64, 71–72, 75, 78, 80, 104, 141, 143, 152, 157–158, 162, 173, 181, 192, 202, 248, 269
paternalism 10, 54, 70, 119–120, 123, 125, 195, 202, 218–219
pater patriae (father of the fatherland) 8, 10, 62, 130, 182, 184
Pauli, Carl Friedrich 42–46, 86
peasants (farmers) 7, 27, 35, 58, 76, 80, 94, 99, 110–112, 114, 128, 131, 141, 154–155, 160, 169, 212, 214, 219–221, 229, 251–252, 262
serfdom 125–126
perfection 5, 65, 78, 87, 124, 192–193, 198, 201, 239
Persia 38, 208
Peter iii, Emperor of Russia 35
Philippi, Johann Albrecht 100–102, 139–140, 147, 150–151, 268
Pillnitz, Declaration of 234, 237
Pitt the Elder, William 36
Plato 184, 212
Plotho, Erich Christoph von 54
Plutarch 42
Podewils, Heinrich von 60–61
poetry 14, 21, 41, 47–51, 68–69, 100, 102–104, 108, 120, 185, 191, 195, 200–201, 203–204, 236–238
Poland 30, 40, 144, 171, 182, 199, 215–217
partitions 166, 194, 218–221, 234, 236–237, 249
patriotism 220–222, 231, 267
Polish liberty 219–221, 231
Polish Prussia 215, 220
Pomerania 98, 153
Pope, Alexander 104
popular philosophers 75
Potsdam 33, 91
privileges 66–67, 84, 134, 136, 144, 161, 164, 167, 198–199, 220–222, 228–230, 243, 258, 261, 267
propaganda 25–26, 29–30, 35–36, 38, 49, 52–53, 56, 58, 60–61, 66–69, 93, 103, 105–106, 219, 251
Protestantism 14, 27, 29, 36–38, 40–41, 43, 56–65, 69, 77, 93, 98, 105, 109, 113, 143, 153, 164, 176, 182, 192, 205, 216, 235, 259
Calvinism 104, 165, 177, 184, 204, 240
Lutheranism 5, 30–31, 33, 55, 94, 97, 106, 111, 155–156, 165, 170, 177, 190, 204, 208, 240
Mennonites 170, 177
Pietism 5, 53–54, 154, 173
Quakers 46, 115, 170
Reformation 239–241
Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin Academy) 82, 84–85, 98, 121, 130–131, 155–156, 175, 198–199, 208
Prussian General Code (Allgemeines Landrecht) 5, 126, 193–194, 197, 202, 210, 229, 243–244
public opinion 26, 121, 201, 213, 265
public sphere 2, 9, 15–17, 25, 53, 64, 73, 80, 85, 92, 106, 117, 124, 132, 143, 177, 188, 193, 199–201, 227, 258–259
Pufendorf, Samuel 13
Rambach, Friedrich Eberhard 210–214, 229, 268
Ramler, Karl Friedrich 74
Reckahn 214
reform 5, 8, 12, 15, 17–20, 72, 76, 80, 86, 94, 107–108, 117, 119–120, 133–134, 136–137, 152–156, 162, 175–177, 182, 188, 220–223, 225, 234–235, 239–240, 243–244, 251, 254, 257, 259–262, 265, 267
Regensburg 54, 94
Reinbeck, Otto Sigmund 63
republics 29, 38, 76–77, 82, 95, 99, 117, 122–123, 128–129, 137–138, 182, 194, 201–202, 207, 234, 237, 245–246, 267
advantages 71, 80–81, 119, 127, 136, 160, 167, 199
criticism 71–72, 85, 118, 130, 139–141, 144, 149–150, 158, 160, 192–193, 214, 223, 231–232, 238, 244, 247, 254
patriotism 3, 8–10, 43, 67, 71, 73, 75, 80–81, 120, 127, 130, 144, 149, 162–163, 199–200, 212, 220–223, 226, 231, 233, 248, 252–253
Rhine, Confederation of the 1
Rhineland 57, 186, 205, 250
Riem, Andreas 184, 189
Rinteln 135
Robespierre, Maximilien 246
Rochow, Friedrich Eberhard von 154–155, 214
Roland, Jeanne-Marie 236
Romanticism 3, 9, 79, 266
Rome
ancient 43–44, 57, 62, 79–81, 99, 104, 114, 117–118, 122, 129, 131, 157, 163, 198–200, 209, 217, 225–227
modern 55, 122, 221, 232, 259
Roth, Dietrich August 58
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 9, 139, 149
Russia 25, 36, 43, 112, 212, 218, 220, 228, 231, 251, 265
Russian enemy 34–35, 39, 47, 49, 52, 87, 97, 216, 237
Ruthenians 221
Sack, August Friedrich Wilhelm 42, 55, 69, 104, 121
Sack, Friedrich Samuel Gottfried 104–106, 151, 173
sacrifice 9, 20, 42–43, 47–49, 54, 58–59, 62, 64, 67, 71, 78–79, 81, 83–84, 86, 101, 106, 115–116, 133, 138, 148, 153, 158, 170, 177–178, 185, 193, 197, 204, 211, 223, 225, 229, 231, 264, 266, 268
Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre 61
Saint-Lambert, Jean François de 148
Saint-Pierre, Charles-Irénée Castel, abbé de 105, 131
Saldern, Wilhelm von 43
Sallust 137
Salzburg 143, 164
Sangerhausen, Carl Friedrich 184–185
Saxony 25, 29–31, 33, 53, 55, 63, 96, 216
Scheffner, Johann George 78
Schlieffen, Martin Ernst von 205
Schwedt 58
Schwerin, Kurt Christoph von 41–43, 50
self-interest (self-love) 77, 128, 132, 142, 153, 198, 205, 212
selfishness (egotism) 1–2, 11, 63, 77, 112, 125, 131, 142–143, 147, 157, 173, 177, 209, 211–212
selflessness 9, 78, 142–143
Senff, Carl Friedrich 106
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of 9
Sidney, Algernon 137
Silesia 25, 29, 36, 40, 46, 56–57, 60–61, 67, 91, 118, 153, 165, 249, 252
Simon, Ernst Heinrich 201
Slovaks 222
sociability 170–171, 198
social contract 107, 141, 155
society 2–3, 5, 10, 32, 55–56, 64, 70, 72, 75–77, 79–80, 84, 86–87, 101–102, 104, 111, 114–116, 118, 121, 123–124, 128, 131–133, 138, 140–142, 144, 146–148, 151, 154, 157–158, 160–162, 167, 169–170, 172–173, 176, 178, 189, 193, 197, 202, 211, 213–214, 221, 229, 235, 238, 243, 247, 254–257, 265–267, 269
civil society 11, 81, 129, 136, 175, 198, 209, 223, 244, 246, 260
patriotic societies 73, 155, 205, 223
secret societies 253
Sonderweg 7, 240
Sonnenfels, Joseph von 128–129, 166, 222
Sorbs 216
South Prussia 218, 249
Spain 170
Spalding, Johann Joachim 106
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum 20, 265–266
Stettin 238
Stoicism (stoic) 5, 46, 48, 98, 117, 142
Stolberg, Friedrich 235
Streithorst, Johann Werner 184, 255–258
Struensee, Karl August von 262
Sturm, Christoph Christian 44
Sulzer, Johann Georg 155
Svarez, Carl Gottlieb 243–244
Sweden 25, 40, 55, 118, 131, 215
Switzerland 49, 137, 144, 155, 160, 167, 205
patriotism 72–73, 80–81, 119, 163, 182, 223, 231–232
Tacitus 28, 129
Teller, Wilhelm Abraham 208, 210, 268
Teutonic Order 215–216, 220
Thorn 220
Tieftrunk, Johann Heinrich 256
Titus, Roman Emperor 191
Tocqueville, Alexis de 243
toleration (tolerance) 20, 54–55, 60–62, 84, 92, 109, 119, 130, 140, 143, 165–177, 185, 187, 189–190, 194–195, 207, 231–232, 239–241, 251, 259–260, 266
Trajan, Roman Emperor 191
Treaties
Basel 249–250
Campo Formio 259
Hubertusburg 21, 91, 97, 217
Teschen 103, 107
Tilsit 264–265
Westphalia 13, 36, 108
Treitschke, Heinrich von 43, 215
Triebfeder 80, 123, 149, 177
Tuscany 28
tyranny 30, 38, 51, 69–70, 124, 144, 195, 215, 245, 252–254
Ulm 76, 96, 135
Unger, Johann Friedrich 194
Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August 265
Venice 144, 160
Vienna 27, 29, 38, 40, 49, 55, 59–60, 77, 107
virtue 8–11, 16, 31–33, 42–44, 56, 58, 61, 67, 69, 77, 81, 103, 109, 115–117, 120, 123, 127–128, 130–131, 135, 137, 140, 142–143, 150–151, 153, 155–159, 161, 170, 174, 176–177, 181, 192–194, 198, 200–201, 209–210, 212, 217, 225, 227, 231, 233, 246, 252, 267
Germanic 149
military 148, 207
national 105
political 76, 108, 139
Voltaire 73, 99
warfare (in general) 26, 30, 39, 50, 104, 172, 191, 229
Wars
Austrian Succession 25, 29, 67, 91, 98
Bavarian Succession 91–92, 103–107, 109
French Revolutionary 1, 191, 205–206, 236–237, 245–253
Liberation 27, 227, 268
Napoleonic 1–2, 20–21, 26, 183, 225, 263–265
Seven Years’ 2–3, 10, 12, 21, 25–88, 91–93, 95, 97–100, 103, 109, 111, 116, 125, 137, 145, 148, 153, 191, 197, 201, 203, 215–217, 225, 233, 237, 252, 260, 264, 268
Thirty Years’ 28, 35, 38, 40
Vendée 245
Warsaw 219
Wedekind, Georg 252–253
Wednesday Society 124, 208
Wegener, Carl Friedrich 115–116
Weishaupt, Adam 253
Weiße, Christian Felix 30
welfare (well-being) 2, 8, 11, 26, 30, 39, 42, 48, 54, 61, 64, 70–72, 77–78, 85, 95–99, 106, 112, 115, 123, 125, 128, 130, 136, 139, 141, 144–145, 150, 153, 155, 168, 176–177, 193, 197, 209–211, 223, 229, 231, 255–256, 259, 264
Welsleben 110
Wesel 205, 209
West Prussia (See also Poland, Polish Prussia) 166, 216, 218–219
Wieland, Christoph Martin 14, 145, 201–202, 208, 233
William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe 137–138
William v, Prince of Orange 120
Woellner, Johann Christoph von 119–120, 156, 187–189, 191, 202, 208, 232, 235–236, 240
Wolff, Christian 5, 167, 202
Württemberg 8, 49, 52, 143, 201–202
Wyss, David 182
Zedler, Johann Heinrich 7
Zedlitz, Carl Abraham von 101, 129, 155–165, 172, 210, 268
Zerrenner, Heinrich Gottlieb 111
Zimmermann, Johann Georg 72–73, 137
Zöllner, Johann Friedrich 199

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Monarchy, Nation and the Common Good: Patriotism in Prussia, 1756–1806

丛编： History of European Political and Constitutional Thought, 卷： 13
Cover Monarchy, Nation and the Common Good: Patriotism in Prussia, 1756–1806
ISBN:
9789004710818
出版社:
Brill
印刷出版日期:
01 Nov 2024
  • Subjects
    • History
      • Modern History
Front Matter
Preliminary Material
Copyright Page
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part 1 Seven Years’ War (1756–1763)
Introduction to Part 1 General Themes, 1756–1763
Chapter 1 Justifying the War
Chapter 2 Heroism
Chapter 3 Protestant Patriotism
Chapter 4 Frederick’s Kingship
Chapter 5 Subjects and Citizens
Part 2 Between the Storms (1763–1786)
Introduction to Part 2 General Themes, 1763–1786
Chapter 6 Looking Back at the War
Chapter 7 War of the Bavarian Succession and the League of Princes
Chapter 8 Preaching Patriotism to the People
Chapter 9 Monarchy and the State
Chapter 10 Citizen and Merit
Chapter 11 Cosmopolitanism and Luxury
Chapter 12 Patriotic Education
Chapter 13 Patriotic Toleration
Part 3 From Frederick’s Death to Jena (1786–1806)
Introduction to Part 3 General Themes, 1786–1806
Chapter 14 Frederick’s Death and His Successors
Chapter 15 Defining the Prussian Spirit
Chapter 16 New Debates on Cosmopolitanism
Chapter 17 Comparisons of Prussianness
Chapter 18 Prussia’s Uniqueness
Chapter 19 Early Reactions to the French Revolution
Chapter 20 Enlightenment and Revolution
Conclusion
Back Matter
Bibliography
Index

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